Pfungwa yeKutenderera kweMvura muJografi
Pendauluan
Kutenderera kwemvura, kunozivikanwawo se hydrologic cycle, ipfungwa huru mune zve geography nesainzi yezvakatipoteredza. Maitiro aya echisikigo anotsanangura kufamba kwemvura, kushanduka kwayo, uye kudzokororwa kwayo mu biosphere yese, kusanganisira mhepo, makungwa, nzizi, nyika, uye chando. Kudzidza kutenderera kwemvura kunotibatsira kunzwisisa mashandiro emvura, ayo akakosha kuhupenyu hwepanyika, uye kukanganisa kwayo mamiriro ekunze, nharaunda, uye hupenyu hwevanhu.
Matanho Ekutenderera Kwemvura
Kutenderera kwemvura kune matanho makuru akati wandei akabatana uye anogara achienderera mberi. Matanho aya ndeaya anotevera.
1. Kubuda kwemvura uye Kufemera
Kubuda kwemvura mumuviri (evaporation) inzira yekubuda kwemvura kubva pamusoro pegungwa, madhamu, nzizi, nedzimwe nzvimbo dzemvura kuenda mumhepo nekuda kwekudziya kwezuva. Kufemera, kune rumwe rutivi, inzira yekubuda kwemvura kuburikidza nemiti inodyarwa. Musanganiswa wemaitiro maviri aya unowanzonzi evapotraspiration. Kuburikidza nekubuda kwemvura mumuviri, mvura inoshanduka kubva pakuva mvura kuita gasi yopinda mumhepo.
2. Kunyorovesa
Kana mhute yemvura yakwira mumhepo, inodonha. Izvi zvinoitika kana mhepo ine mhute yemvura yatonhora pakakwirira. Mhute yemvura inozochinja kuita madonhwe emvura kana chando, zvichiita makore. Maitiro aya anonyanya kutsamira pakupisa kwemhepo uye hunyoro.
3. Kunaya kwemvura
Kana madonhwe emvura kana chando mumakore zvikabatana kuti zvikure uye zviwedzere kurema, zvinowira pasi semvura. Kunaya kwemvura kunogona kutora chimiro chemvura, sinou, chando, kana chando, zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze uye tembiricha yepasi. Kunaya kwemvura ndiko kunobva mvura yepasi pevhu uye mvura yepamusoro inotsigira hupenyu panyika.
4. Kuyerera Kwepamusoro
Mvura inodonha pamusoro penyika inogona kuyerera pasi semvura inoyerera pamusoro. Izvi zvinoita basa guru mukukukurwa kwevhu uye kutakurwa kwemarara. Mvura inoyerera pamusoro pevhu inogona kuguma yapinda mumvura dzakadai senzizi, madhamu, kana makungwa, kana kuti inogona kunyudzwa muvhu.
5. Kupinda uye Kuputika
Imwe yemvura inodonha pamusoro peNyika inonyura ichipinda muvhu kuburikidza nenzira inonzi infiltration. Mushure mekunyura muvhu, mvura inofamba nepakati pevhu nematombo nekuda kwesimba rinokwevera pasi, nzira inozivikanwa se percolation. Mvura inoramba iri pasi pevhu inochengetwa mumadziva emvura uye inonzi pasi pevhu.
6. Kuyerera kwemvura uye kuyerera kwemvura pasi pevhu
Mvura isingapindi kana kunyudza zvakare mumhepo inoguma yava mvura inoyerera pamusoro pemvura kana kuti mvura yepasi pevhu, yozopedzisira yayerera mumakungwa, mumakungwa, kana munzizi. Kutenderera uku kunodzokororwa, kuchichengetedza kuenzana kwemvura pasi.
Zvinhu Zvinokanganisa Kutenderera Kwemvura
Zvinhu zvakawanda zvinopesvedzera kushanda zvakanaka uye mwero wekufamba kwemvura. Heano zvimwe zvacho.
1. Mamiriro ekunze uye Mamiriro ekunze
Mamiriro ekunze nemamiriro ekunze ane basa guru mukukanganisa kutenderera kwemvura. Kupisa kwakanyanya kunowedzera mwero wekubuda kwemvura mumvura uye kufemera, ukuwo mvura yakawanda ichikonzera huwandu hwemvura inonaya. Kusiyana kwemamiriro ekunze epasi rose kwakadai seEl Niño neLa Niña kunokanganisawo kuyerera kwemvura uye maitiro ekupisa pasi rese, izvo zvinokanganisa kutenderera kwemvura.
2. Zvirimwa
Kuvapo kwemiti kunoita kuti mvura ipinde muvhu uye kunobatsira kuti mvura ipinde muvhu. Semuenzaniso, masango anobatsira kuchengetedza mvura yepasi pevhu uye kuderedza njodzi yekufashamira kwemvura, nepo ivhu risina kurimwa richikurumidza kukurwa nemvura yakawanda.
3. Kureba kwenzvimbo
Chimiro uye materu epasi anokanganisawo kuyerera kwemvura uye kupinda kwayo. Nzvimbo dzine makomo akadzika dzinowanzova nekumhanya kukuru kwemvura pamusoro uye mwero wekupinda kwayo wakaderera. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera mafashamo nekukukurwa kwevhu.
4. Mabasa Evanhu
Mabasa evanhu akadai sekukura kwemaguta, kuparadzwa kwemiti, uye kurima zvakanyanya zvinokanganisa zvikuru kutenderera kwemvura. Kuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa, zvakaita semigwagwa nezvivakwa, kunoderedza nzvimbo dzinopinda mvura uye kunowedzera mvura inoyerera pamusoro. Maitiro ekurima asina hanya anogona kukonzera kukurwa kwevhu uye kusvibiswa kwemvura yepasi pevhu.
Mhedzisiro yeKushanduka kweMamiriro ekunze paKutenderera kweMvura
Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kuri kukanganisa zvikuru kutenderera kwemvura. Kukwira kwekushisa kwepasi rose kunokanganisa matanho ese ekutenderera kwemvura. Heano mamwe emigumisiro yacho.
1. Kuwedzera kweKubuda kweMvura
Kukwira kwekushisa kwepasi rose kunowedzera mwero wekubuda kwemvura. Izvi zvinogona kuderedza huwandu hwemvura mumvura dzakadai semadhamu nenzizi, zvichikanganisa kuwanikwa kwemvura kuvanhu nenharaunda.
2. Maitiro Ekunaya Kwemvura Asina Kurongeka
Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kuri kukonzera kuwanda kwemvura isina kurongeka, pamwe nekusanaya kwemvura kwenguva yakareba uye madutu akasimba. Izvi zviri kukanganisa mwero wekuchaja mvura pasi pevhu uye kuwanikwa kwemvura pamusoro pevhu.
3. Aizi Inonyungudutsa uye Mazaya Echando
Kukwira kwekushisa kwepasi rose kuri kukonzerawo kunyunguduka kwechando nechando munzvimbo dzine makomo nepanyika. Izvi zvinokwidza mwero wegungwa uye zvinotungamira kumafashamo egungwa uye kurasikirwa nenzvimbo dzekugara dzakadai senzvimbo dzine mvura.
4. Kuchinja kweKuyerera kweRwizi
Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kunogonawo kutungamira mukuchinja kwemafambiro ekuyerera kwenzizi. Nzizi dzinogona kuwana kuyerera kwakawanda munguva yemvura uye kuyerera kwakaderera munguva yekusanaya kwemvura. Izvi zvinogona kukanganisa kurima, nzvimbo dzekugara, uye mvura yevagari.
Kukosha Kwekutarisirwa Kwemvura Kunogara Kwenguva Refu
Nekuda kwezvinhu zvakawanda zvinokanganisa kutenderera kwemvura uye kukanganisa kwayo hupenyu, kutarisirwa kwemvura nenzira inochengetedza kwakakosha. Heano mamwe maitiro ekuwana kutarisirwa kwemvura nenzira inochengetedza.
1. Kuchengetedzwa kweZviwanikwa zveMvura
Kuchengetedza nekudzivirira zviwanikwa zvemvura kubva mukusvibiswa uye kushandiswa zvakanyanya kwakakosha pakuchengetedza kuenzana kwemvura. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuedza kugadzirisa nharaunda dzemumvura uye kushandisa nzira dzekurima dzisingakuvadzi nharaunda.
2. Kushandisa Mvura Zvakanaka
Kushandisa mvura zvakanaka muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvakaita sekurima, maindasitiri, uye mhuri, kunogona kubatsira kuderedza kumanikidzwa kwezviwanikwa zvemvura. Tekinoroji yemazuva ano yekudiridza uye masisitimu ekuchenesa anoshanda zvakanaka mienzaniso yenzira dzekuchengetedza mvura.
3. Kutarisira Mafashamo Nekusanaya Kwemvura
Kugadzira zvivakwa zvinodzivirira mafashamo uye masisitimu ekugadzirisa kusanaya kwemvura zvinogona kubatsira kuderedza mhedzisiro yekuchinja-chinja kwemamiriro ekunze kwakanyanya. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira madhamu anochengetedza mvura, maturusi ekudzivirira kukurwa kwevhu, uye masisitimu ekuyambira nekukurumidza.
4. Dzidzo neKuzivisa Veruzhinji
Dzidzo nekuzivisa vanhu nezvekukosha kwemvura uye mashandisirwo ayo nenzira inochengetedza nharaunda matanho akakosha. Kubatanidza nharaunda mukuchengetedza mvura uye tsika dzinochengetedza nharaunda kunogona kubatsira kuona kuti zviwanikwa zvemvura zvinoramba zvichienderera mberi kuzvizvarwa zvinotevera.
Mhedziso
Kutenderera kwemvura chiitiko chakaoma asi chakakosha kuhupenyu hwePasi. Kunzwisisa danho rega rega rekutenderera kwemvura nezvinhu zvinoipesvedzera kwakakosha pakuchengetedza kuenzana kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuchengetedzeka kwevanhu. Nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kuchiunza matambudziko matsva, kushanda pamwe chete uye manejimendi ane hungwaru zvinodiwa kuti mvura irambe iripo uye yakachena kune zvese zvipenyu.
