Tsananguro yeArctic neAntarctic Circles
Arctic Circle neAntarctic Circle imitsara miviri yekufungidzira ye latitude inowanzotaurwa mu geography, astronomy, uye climate science. Haisi "mitsara" inooneka pamusoro pePasi, asi miganhu yenzvimbo inoratidza nzvimbo dzine zviitiko zvechisikigo zvakasiyana, kunyanya kureba kwakanyanya kwemasikati neusiku. Kunzwisisa madenderedzwa aya kunotibatsira kunzwisisa kuti nei dzimwe nzvimbo dzichiona mazuva asina kunyura kwezuva, kana, zvakasiyana, husiku hurefu husina chiedza chezuva.
Chii chinonzi Arctic Circle neAntarctic Circle?
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, Arctic Circle mutsetse we latitude muNorthern Hemisphere, nepo Antarctic Circle iri muSouthern Hemisphere. Dzose dziri pa latitude inenge 66,5° kubva ku equator:
– Arctic Circle iri pa66,5° N (North Latitude).
- Antarctic Circle iri pa66,5° South Latitude.
Chiverengero ichi che66,5° chakabatana zvakananga nekurereka kwechikamu chekutenderera kweNyika. Nyika yakarereka inosvika 23,5° zvichienzaniswa nendege yekufamba kwayo ichitenderera Zuva. Nekuda kweizvi, dzimwe nzvimbo dzinowana chiedza chezuva chisingaperi pane dzimwe nguva dzegore, nepo dzimwe dzisingawani zvachose.
Sei ichinzi "denderedzwa"?
Inonzi "denderedzwa" nekuti kana ukadhirowa mutsetse we latitude wakatenderedza Nyika, inoumba denderedzwa rakakwana. Mutsetse uyu wakafanana ne equator, kungofanana nemimwe mitsara ye latitude. Asi chinoita kuti ive yakakosha ibasa rayo semuganhu wemuchadenga uye wemamiriro ekunze, kwete chiratidzo chenzvimbo chete.
Zviitiko zvikuru: Zuva repakati pehusiku uye husiku hwepakati pezuva
Zvinhu zviviri zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa zvinoitika munzvimbo dziri pamusoro peArctic Circle kana pasi peAntarctic Circle ndeizvi:
1. Zuva repakati pehusiku (Svondo repakati pehusiku)
Pane dzimwe nguva, kunyanya munguva yezhizha munzvimbo imwe neimwe, Zuva harimbonyuri zvachose pasi pedenga kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana kana kupfuura. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kunyangwe huri "husiku" mupfungwa chaiyo, denga rinoramba rakajeka.
2. Husiku hwePolar
Kusiyana neizvi, munguva yechando, zuva harioneki pamusoro pedenga zvachose kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana kana kupfuura. Nzvimbo dzine husiku hwepakati penyika dzinowana rima kwenguva refu, kunyange zvazvo kazhinji panenge paine kusviba kwerima pane dzimwe nguva, zvichienderana nenzvimbo nemamiriro ekunze.
Munzvimbo dziri pedyo nedenderedzwa (66,5°), chiitiko ichi chinoitika kanenge kamwe chete pagore. Zvisinei, kana munhu akasvika pamipendero (90° N yeNorth Pole uye 90° S yeSouth Pole), nguva ye "zuva repakati pehusiku," kana "husiku hwepolar," inova yakareba, kunyange mwedzi.
Kusiyana pakati penzvimbo dzeArctic neAntarctic
Kunyangwe ese ari maviri aine zita rekuti "pole", Arctic neAntarctic zvakasiyana zvikuru.
1. Arctic: gungwa rakakomberedzwa nenyika
Dunhu reArctic ndiro Gungwa reArctic, rakaputirwa nechando (kunyanya munguva yechando), uye rakakomberedzwa nemakondinendi akadai seNorth America, Europe, neAsia. Arctic inzvimbo ine vanhu vakawanda, kusanganisira vanhu veko uye maguta madiki kusvika pakati nepakati munyika dzakadai seCanada, Norway, Russia, neAlaska (United States).
Nekuti Arctic igungwa, chando chayo chikuru chinoyangarara mugungwa. Aizi iyi inonzwa zvakanyanya kuchinja kwekushisa uye mafungu egungwa, saka kukanganiswa kwekudziya kwepasi rose muArctic kunoonekwa zvakanyanya muchimiro chekuderera kwehuwandu hwechando chegungwa.
2. Antarctica: kondinendi yakakomberedzwa nemakungwa
Kusiyana neizvi, Antarctica inyika yakafukidzwa nechando chakakora, chakakomberedzwa neSouthern Ocean. Antarctica haina vanhu vanogara kwenguva refu; vanhu chete vanogara ikoko vanowanzova vesainzi nevashandi vanotsigira munzvimbo dzekutsvagisa.
Chando chemuAntarctica pakutanga chaive chakawanda chechando chenyika. Kana chando chenyika chikanyunguduka chikayerera mugungwa, kukanganisa kwacho pakukwirira kwegungwa pasi rose kwaigona kuva kukuru kupfuura kuchinja kwechando chegungwa chinoyangarara.
Sei mutsetse uyu uchichinja?
Muchokwadi, nzvimbo dzeArctic neAntarctic Circles hadzina "kugadzikana" kwezviuru zvemakore. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuchinja kudiki mukutsveyama kwepasi (kusanzwisisika), uko kunochinja zvishoma nezvishoma panguva yakareba yekutenderera kwenyeredzi. Kana kutsveyama kwepasi kuchichinja zvishoma, latitudes inosangana nekutenderera kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana masikati/husiku inochinjawo zvishoma.
Kunyangwe shanduko idzi dziri diki pahuwandu hwehupenyu hwevanhu, dzakakosha nesainzi pakunzwisisa mamiriro ekunze uye mafambiro emuchadenga panguva yakareba.
Simba pamamiriro ekunze nehupenyu
Nzvimbo dzakatenderedza madenderedzwa aya dzine mamiriro ekunze akaipisisa: mwaka wechando wakareba, unotonhora uye mwaka wezhizha mupfupi unogona kutonhorera kusvika pakudziya zvakanyanya munzvimbo (kunyanya muArctic munzvimbo dzakati wandei dziri pamhenderekedzo yegungwa).
Mamiriro Ezvinhu eArctic
MuArctic mune tundra, mosses, shrub low, uye mhuka dzesango dzakadai semabheya emugungwa, makava emuArctic, caribou, uye shiri dzakasiyana-siyana dzinotama. Hupenyu hwevanhu muArctic hwakajairawo mamiriro aya kuburikidza nekuvhima, kubata hove, uye pekugara zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekunze anotonhora.
Nzvimbo yeAntarctic
Antarctica yakatonyanya kuipa. Hupenyu panyika hwakaganhurirwa, asi gungwa rakaripoteredza rine hupenyu hwakawanda, kusanganisira krill (shrimp diki), seal, whale, uye penguin. Kudya kwemhuka munzvimbo iyi kunoenderana zvakanyanya nekubereka kwegungwa kwemwaka uye kuwanikwa kwechando chegungwa.
Basa rakakosha mukutsvagisa kwesainzi
Arctic neAntarctic zvinoshanda se "marabhoritari echisikigo" ekudzidza shanduko yemamiriro ekunze. Masayendisiti anoti:
- kuchinja kwehuwandu hwechando chegungwa mwaka wega wega,
- kunyunguduka kwechando nemapani echando,
- maitiro emhepo uye mafungu egungwa,
– pamwe chete nemakemikari emumhepo (semuenzaniso ozone nemagasi egreenhouse).
Antarctica inozivikanwawo nekuwana nekutarisa buri re ozone riri mu stratosphere, izvo zvinobatsira pasi rose kunzwisisa simba remamwe makemikari (akadai seCFCs) mumhepo. Panguva iyi, Arctic chiratidzo chekudziya kwepasi rose nekukurumidza nekuti nzvimbo dziri mu polar dziri kudziya nekukurumidza kupfuura avhareji yepasi rose, chiitiko chinowanzonzi Arctic amplification.
Mhedziso
Arctic Circle neAntarctic Circle miganhu yakakosha ye latitude ine chekuita zvakananga nekutenderera kwepasi uye kutenderera kwaro kutenderera Zuva. Dzese dzinoratidza nzvimbo dzinogona kuitika zuva repakati pehusiku nehusiku hwe polar, zviitiko zvisingawanzoonekwi munzvimbo dzine mwero kana dzinopisa. Kunyangwe zvichifananidzwa nepfungwa, Arctic neAntarctic zvakasiyana zvikuru maererano ne geography, ecosystems, uye kuvapo kwevanhu. Kunzwisisa madenderedzwa aya maviri hakungobatsiri chete kunzwisisa kwenzvimbo asiwo kunosimbisa kunzwisisa kwedu kwemamiriro ekunze epasi rose uye remangwana renharaunda yePasi.
Kana muchida, ndinogona kugadzirisa chinyorwa ichi kuti chienderane nemaitiro ekuti "anozivikanwa nevadzidzi", shanduro ye "sainzi ine mareferensi", kana kuwedzera zvikamu zvakakosha zvakaita semienzaniso yenyika dzakayambuka Arctic Circle nenzvimbo dzekutsvaga dzakakosha muAntarctica.
