Dzidziso yeNzvimbo yeCenter of Gravity muJografi
Mukudzidza nezvenzvimbo, kunyanya nzvimbo yevanhu uye nzvimbo yezvehupfumi, nzvimbo haingonzwisiswi se "nzvimbo" umo zviitiko zvinoitika, asi sechinhu chinobatsira mukuumba mararamiro ehupenyu hwevanhu. Imwe pfungwa inokosha inowanzo shandiswa kududzira hukama huripo pakati penzvimbo, daro, uye mabasa evanhu idzidziso yenzvimbo yepakati pesimba rinokwevera pasi. Dzidziso iyi inobatsira kutsanangura kuti nei nzvimbo ichigona kuva "nzvimbo yesimba rinokwevera pasi" yezviitiko, kuti nzvimbo yepakati pezviitiko inogona kuchinja sei, uye kuti varongi vematunhu vanogona sei kusarudza nzvimbo dzinoshanda zvakanyanya dzezvivakwa nemasevhisi akasiyana-siyana.
Kunzwisisa Dzidziso yeNzvimbo yeCenter of Gravity
Kazhinji, dzidziso yepakati pesimba regiravhiti mujogirafi inzira yekuona nzvimbo "yakanakira" kana "yakaenzana" yenzvimbo yechiitiko zvichibva pakupararira kwezvimwe zvinhu zvakaipoteredza. Pfungwa iyi inogadzirisa pfungwa yefizikisi maererano nepakati pesimba: chinhu chichaenzaniswa kana chikatsigirwa nepakati pacho pesimba regiravhiti. Munzvimbo yenzvimbo, "hukuru" hwakafanana nehuremu hwechiitiko, semuenzaniso, huwandu hwevanhu, huwandu hwekugadzirwa, kudiwa kwemusika, kana huwandu hwezvinhu zvinofamba.
Saka, nzvimbo inokwevera zvinhu pasi ndiyo nzvimbo inoderedza daro kana mutengo wekufambisa kuenda kunzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana kana nzvimbo. Nekuti geography inodzidza maitiro ekugoverwa uye kudyidzana pakati penzvimbo, dzidziso iyi inoshanda sechishandiso chekunzwisisa sarudzo yenzvimbo, semuenzaniso, kune matura ekutakura zvinhu, nzvimbo dzekugovera, misika yakawanda, nzvimbo dzebasa reveruzhinji, uye kunyange nzvimbo itsva dzekukura kwemaguta.
Maonero Ekare uye Kukosha Kwazvo muJogirafi
Dzidziso yenzvimbo ine simba guruva yakadzika midzi mutsika yekuongorora nzvimbo yakagadzirwa mune zvehupfumi uye kuronga kwenzvimbo. Nyanzvi dzinoti sarudzo dzenzvimbo hadzimborevi divi: kuwana nzvimbo munzvimbo chero ipi zvayo kunokonzera migumisiro yemagariro evanhu, hupfumi, uye nharaunda. Kana nzvimbo dzezviitiko dziri kure zvakanyanya nevatengi, mitengo inokwira uye mukana wekupinda unoderera. Kusiyana neizvi, kana dziri pedyo zvakanyanya neboka rimwe chete, dzimwe dzinosiyiwa.
Kukosha kwedzidziso iyi kwakatokura munguva yanhasi, nekufamba kwevanhu nekukurumidza, kukura kwemaguta, uye kuyerera kwezvinhu. Hurumende nemabhizinesi vanoda nzira ine musoro yekuona nzvimbo dzinogona kushandira nzvimbo dzakakura zvinobudirira. Apa ndipo panoshanda nzvimbo inokwevera pasi senzira yekugadzira sarudzo yakavakirwa panharaunda.
Nheyo Dzekutanga: Kureba, Huremu, uye Kudyidzana
Kune misimboti mitatu inowanzobatanidzwa nedzidziso yenzvimbo yepakati pesimba rinokwevera pasi:
1. Kureba kunokanganisa mutengo nekusimba kwekutaurirana. Kureba kunowedzera, mitengo yekufambisa inowedzera uye kuderera kwekusangana kunowedzera.
2. Huremu (huremu) hunoratidza simba. Mapoinzi ane huwandu hwakawanda kana kugadzirwa kwakawanda anokwezva kupfuura mapoinzi madiki.
3. Nzvimbo yakanaka inoenderana nenzvimbo. Pakati pesimba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi harisi "nzvimbo yegeometric" chete, asi nzvimbo inoenzanisa mhedzisiro yehuremu nedaro.
Munzvimbo, musimboti uyu unoshandiswa kuratidza mukana wemusika, mukana wekuti basa riitwe, uye kushanda zvakanaka kwenetwork yekugovera.
Mashandiro anoita Center of Gravity Theory (Conceptual)
Kunyangwe mukuita, kuverenga kwema "coordinate" kunowanzo shandiswa (semuenzaniso kuverenga avhareji ye "weighted avhareji" yenzvimbo dza x na y), nenzira yekufunga matanho aya anogona kunzwisiswa zviri nyore:
1. Sarudza zvinhu zvakakosha: semuenzaniso, nzvimbo dzekugara, nzvimbo dzekugadzira, misika, kana mapazi ekuparadzira.
2. Isa huremu pachinhu chimwe nechimwe: mienzaniso yezviremerera inosanganisira huwandu hwevanhu, kudiwa kwezvinhu, kugona kugadzirwa, kana kuti kufamba kakawanda sei.
3. Tsvaga nzvimbo "inoenzanisa" huremu hwese: nzvimbo inoita kuti "mutoro wedaro" uve mudiki.
Mukuronga, mhedzisiro yacho haisi nguva dzose ine pfungwa imwe chete yakakwana. Kazhinji, nzvimbo inokwevera pasi inoshandiswa senzvimbo yekutanga, yozogadziriswa kuti iratidze mamiriro chaiwo akadai semigwagwa, mamiriro enzvimbo, miganhu yekutonga, mitengo yenyika, uye kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Mienzaniso yekushandiswa muJografi
1. Kuziva Nzvimbo yeGoods Distribution Center
Makambani ekutakura zvinhu anogona kushandisa dzidziso yepakati pesimba renyika kuti aone nzvimbo dzekuchengetera zvinhu dzinoshanda zvakanyanya. Semuenzaniso, kana kudiwa kwakanyanya kuri muMaguta A neB, asi kuchine kudiwa kuri pakati nepakati muMaguta C neD, saka imba yekuchengetera zvinhu yakakodzera haisi muguta guru, asi panzvimbo yekubvumirana inoderedza daro rekutumira zvinhu.
2. Kuiswa kweZvivakwa zveVeruzhinji
Munzvimbo dzemaguta, dzidziso iyi inobatsira pakuona nzvimbo dziri zvivakwa zvakaita sezvipatara, zviteshi zvemabhazi, kana zvikoro. Kana chipatara chakavakwa pedyo nepakati peguta chete, zvinogona kuoma kuti vagari vemunzvimbo dziri pedyo vasvike kwachiri. Uchishandisa nzira yepakati pesimba remagetsi, nzvimbo dzinogona kutsvagwa dzinoderedza avhareji yenguva yekufamba uye dzinopa mukana wakaenzana.
3. Kuongororwa kweKuchinja kweGrowth Centers
Nzvimbo inokwevera zvinhu pasi inogona kushandiswawo kuona shanduko mumabasa ehupfumi nekufamba kwenguva. Semuenzaniso, kana nzvimbo itsva yemaindasitiri ikakura kunze kwenyika, "nzvimbo inokwevera zvinhu pasi" yehupfumi yeguta inogona kuchinja kubva panzvimbo yekare kuenda kunzvimbo itsva. Kuchinja uku kunogona kuongororwa kuti kuongororwe zvinodiwa pakuvaka, kutakurwa kwezvinhu, uye pekugara.
4. Kuronga Dunhu uye Kubatana
Pachikero chedunhu, hurumende inogona kusarudza nzvimbo dzekushandira dzakabatana (kutonga, kutengeserana, uye hutano) zvichibva pakupararira kwevanhu mumatunhu madiki. Nzvimbo dzaimbove dzisina kutarisirwa dzinogona kubatanidzwa kuburikidza nekuvandudza nzvimbo dzekushandira panzvimbo dzakaenzana.
Mabhenefiti eCenter of Gravity Theory
Dzidziso iyi ine zvakanakira zvakawanda:
- Zviri nyore uye zvine musoro: zviri nyore kunzwisisa nekuti zvinoshandisa pfungwa yekuenzana.
- Kukurudzira kushanda zvakanaka: kunogona kuderedza mari yekuparadzira uye nguva yekufamba.
– Zvinochinjika: huremu hunogona kugadziriswa kuti huenderane nezvinangwa (huwandu hwevanhu, kudiwa, kugadzirwa, nezvimwewo).
– Kusimbisa ongororo yenzvimbo: yakakodzera kusanganiswa nemamepu, GIS (Geographic Information Systems), uye data rekufamba.
Miganhu uye Kutsoropodzwa
Kunyange zvazvo zvichibatsira, dzidziso yenzvimbo yepakati pegiravhiti inewo miganhu:
1. Kufungidzira nzvimbo "yakafanana": muchokwadi, mamiriro enzvimbo, kuzara kwenzvimbo, nzizi, uye miganhu yedunhu zvinoreva kuti daro harisi nguva dzose rakaenzana nemutengo.
2. Haagari achitarisa zvinhu zvemagariro evanhu nezvematongerwo enyika: semuenzaniso kurambwa kwenharaunda, kusawirirana kwekuwana ivhu, kana kuti mitemo yekuronga nzvimbo.
3. Ruzivo rwehuremu runogona kuchinja nekukurumidza: huwandu hwevanhu, kudiwa, uye mabasa ehupfumi zvinoshanduka-shanduka saka pakati pesimba rinokwevera pasi rinogona kuchinja.
4. Kururamisira hakungoerekana kwawanikwa: nzvimbo dzinoshanda zvakanaka paavhareji hadzisi hadzo dzakakodzera mapoka evasina kusimba munzvimbo dzakati.
Saka, dzidziso iyi ndiyo yakakodzera kushandiswa senzira yekutanga yekuongorora, kwete chete chinhu chinoita kuti pave nesarudzo dzekuvandudza.
Hukama Nedzimwe Nzira Dzenzvimbo
Dzidziso yepakati pesimba remagetsi inowanzobatanidzwa nedzimwe nzira, dzakadai se:
- Dzidziso yekudyidzana kwenzvimbo, iyo inodzidza kufamba kwevanhu/zvinhu pakati penzvimbo.
- Dzidziso yenzvimbo yepakati, iyo inotsanangura hurongwa hwenzvimbo dzebasa uye kusvika pamusika.
- Kuongorora kwekusvikika, uko kunoongorora nyore kusvika panzvimbo zvichibva pane network yekufambisa.
Nekubatanidza dzidziso idzi, nyanzvi dzejogirafi dzinogona kuona kwete chete kuti "nzvimbo" inofanira kunge iri kupi, asiwo kuti "nei" maitiro epakati nepakati anoumbwa uye kuti "anokanganisa sei nzanga."
Mhedziso
Dzidziso yepakati pesimba regiravhiti mujogirafi inosimbisa kuwana nzvimbo yakaringana zvakanyanya zvichibva pahuremu hwebasa uye daro. Dzidziso iyi yakakosha pakutsanangura nekuronga mapatani enzvimbo yebasa—ingava muhupfumi, mabasa everuzhinji, kana kuronga kwedunhu. Pasinei nekusakwana kwayo nekuda kwekuoma kwemamiriro ezvinhu enzvimbo, nzvimbo yegiravhiti inoramba iri chishandiso chakakosha pakuita sarudzo dzakavakirwa padata renzvimbo, kunyanya kana zvabatanidzwa neGIS nekufunga nezvemagariro evanhu.
Pakupedzisira, dzidziso iyi inodzidzisa kuti nzvimbo inzira yehukama. Nzvimbo chaiyo haisi nzvimbo chete pamepu, asi kuti nzvimbo iyoyo inobatanidza sei zvinodiwa nevanhu, kushanda zvakanaka kwemabasa, uye kuwana vanhu zvakaenzana munzvimbo imwe chete.
