Chidziwitso ndi Umodzi wa Maganizo
Pendauluan
Chikumbumtima ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zovuta komanso zosokoneza kwambiri mu filosofi, zamaganizo, ndi za ubongo. Ngakhale kuti tonsefe tili ndi chidziwitso cha "kukhala ozindikira," tanthauzo lenileni la chidziwitso likadali nkhani yokambirana. Pachifukwa ichi, uwiri wa maganizo—lingaliro lakuti pali mkangano kapena uwiri mkati mwa munthu—nthawi zambiri umapemphedwa kuti ufotokoze momwe chidziwitso chimagwirira ntchito. Nkhaniyi ifufuza mfundo ziwirizi ndikuyesera kuziphatikiza kuti zipereke kumvetsetsa kokwanira.
Chidziwitso: Chiyambi
Chikumbumtima chingatanthauzidwe ngati mkhalidwe wodziwa ndi kumvetsetsa. M'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, chimaphatikizapo mbali zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo malingaliro, malingaliro, zokumbukira, ndi malingaliro. Malingaliro ambiri aperekedwa kuti afotokoze chodabwitsachi, kuyambira malingaliro okonda zinthu zakuthupi omwe amawona chidziwitso ngati chopangidwa ndi machitidwe akuthupi muubongo, mpaka njira ziwiri zomwe zimawona chidziwitso ngati chinthu chosiyana ndi ubongo wakuthupi.
Mu kafukufuku wamakono, asayansi ambiri akuyesera kupeza njira za ubongo zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso. Amagwiritsa ntchito njira monga kujambula ubongo kuti amvetse momwe kusinthasintha kwa ntchito ya mitsempha kungapangire zochitika zaumwini. Ngakhale kuti pali kupita patsogolo kwakukulu, chinsinsi cha chidziwitso sichinathetsedwebe.
Umodzi wa Maganizo: Malingaliro a Filosofi
Uwiri wa maganizo umatanthauza lingaliro lakuti anthu ali ndi mbali ziwiri zazikulu kapena zigawo: maganizo ozindikira ndi maganizo osazindikira. Akatswiri afilosofi monga René Descartes anali pakati pa oyamba kupereka lingaliro la mtundu woopsa wa uwiri, womwe nthawi zambiri umadziwika kuti "uwiri wa res cogitans" (chinthu cha ganizo) ndi "res extensa" (chinthu cha kukulitsa).
Maganizo Ozindikira
Maganizo ozindikira ndi gawo la maganizo athu lomwe timalidziwa bwino ndipo tingathe kulilamulira. Ndi gawo la ife tokha lotha kuganiza, kukonzekera, kuthetsa mavuto, komanso kupanga zisankho. Maganizo ozindikira amagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana zamaganizo zomwe zimafuna mphamvu, chidwi, ndi kudzifufuza.
Maganizo Osazindikira
Mosiyana ndi maganizo ozindikira, maganizo osazindikira amakhala ndi njira zingapo zamaganizo zomwe zimagwira ntchito popanda kuzindikira kwathu. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wakale wa maganizo, womwe unatchuka ndi Sigmund Freud , maganizo osazindikira amasunga zokumbukira, zilakolako, ndi zilakolako zomwe zimakhala zopweteka kwambiri kapena zosasangalatsa kuti zilowe mu malingaliro ozindikira. Maganizo osazindikira amakhudza kwambiri khalidwe lathu, nthawi zambiri popanda kuzindikira kwathu.
Kugwirizana Pakati pa Kuzindikira ndi Kusamvetsetsana kwa Umoyo
Kodi chidziwitso ndi uwiri wa maganizo zimagwirira ntchito limodzi bwanji? Njira imodzi yodziwira izi ndi kuphunzira momwe njira zosazindikira zingakhudzire chidziwitso ndi mosemphanitsa.
Mphamvu ya Maganizo Osazindikira pa Chikumbumtima
Ndizachilendo kukumana ndi zochitika pamene malingaliro osazindikira amalowa mu chidziwitso. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi zambiri timapanga zisankho kutengera "kumva m'mimba" kapena "kumva m'mimba" komwe sitikumvetsa bwino. Izi zikusonyeza kuti mbali yosazindikira ya malingaliro athu nthawi zambiri imakhudza malingaliro athu ozindikira.
Mwachitsanzo, pa zochita za tsiku ndi tsiku monga kusankha chakudya kapena njira yoyendera, tingaganize kuti tikupanga zisankhozi mwadala. Komabe, nthawi zambiri zolinga zosazindikira monga zizolowezi, zokumbukira zaubwana, kapena zomwe tinakumana nazo kale zimakhala ndi gawo lalikulu kuposa momwe timaganizira.
Mphamvu ya Chikumbumtima pa Maganizo Osazindikira
Pakadali pano, malingaliro ozindikira amathanso kukhudza malingaliro osazindikira. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zocheperako ndipo zimafuna khama lalikulu. Njira imodzi yochitira izi ndi kudzera mu njira zozolowera, pomwe timachita mobwerezabwereza zochita kapena lingaliro mpaka litakhazikika mu malingaliro athu osazindikira.
Mwachitsanzo, munthu amene akufuna kuthetsa mantha olankhula pagulu angapitirize kuchita zinthu zolankhula bwino ndikulimbitsa chidaliro chake. Kubwerezabwereza kumeneku kungathandize "kuphunzitsa" maganizo osazindikira kuti achitepo kanthu bwino pazochitika zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa nkhawa.
Chikumbumtima mu Maganizo a Sayansi ya Ubongo
Kuchokera ku lingaliro la sayansi ya ubongo, kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti pali kuyanjana kovuta kwambiri pakati pa ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za ubongo zomwe zimagwira ntchito popanga chikumbumtima. Gawo limodzi lofunika kwambiri pankhaniyi ndi prefrontal cortex, yomwe imagwira ntchito yayikulu pantchito zoyang'anira monga kukonzekera, kupanga zisankho, komanso kudziletsa.
Pogwira ntchito ngati "malo olamulira," prefrontal cortex imagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zochokera m'mbali zosiyanasiyana za ubongo, kuphatikiza chidziwitso cha malingaliro, zokumbukira, ndi mayankho amalingaliro kuti apange chidziwitso chogwirizana. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, kafukufuku wina akuwonetsa kuti lateral prefrontal cortex imagwira ntchito makamaka pamene anthu apemphedwa kuti azisamala maganizo awo ndi momwe akumvera, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakudzidziwa bwino komanso kuganiza mozama.
Maganizo a Zamaganizo
Mu zamaganizo, ziphunzitso zambiri zimayesa kufotokoza momwe chidziwitso ndi uwiri wa maganizo zingagwirizanitsidwire. Malingaliro monga Cognitivism amanena kuti maganizo a munthu ali ngati kompyuta, yokhala ndi mapulogalamu angapo ochitidwa ndi "purosesa" - pankhaniyi, ubongo.
Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito chiphunzitsochi pankhani ya chidziwitso kumabweretsa mafunso ambiri. Ngati ubongo ndi makina omwe amayendetsa mapulogalamu, kodi chidziwitso chimakhala kuti? Kodi njira zomwe ubongo weniweni umachita zimapanga bwanji chidziwitso chomwe timachitcha "chidziwitso"?
Chitsanzo chimodzi chodziwika bwino m'derali ndi Global Working Model Theory , yomwe Bernard Baars adapereka. Malinga ndi chiphunzitsochi, chidziwitso chimagwira ntchito ngati "gawo lapakati" pomwe njira zosiyanasiyana zamaganizo zimapikisana kuti zisamalidwe. Chidziwitso chomwe "chimakopa chidwi" chimakonzedwanso ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndikupezeka m'njira zosiyanasiyana zapamwamba zowongolera chidziwitso.
Mapeto
Chikumbumtima ndi uwiri wa maganizo ndi mfundo ziwiri zosangalatsa komanso zofunika kwambiri pakumvetsetsa umunthu wa munthu. Ngakhale tapita patsogolo kwambiri pakufufuza m'magawo osiyanasiyana kuti timvetsetse momwe chidziwitso chimagwirira ntchito komanso momwe uwiri wa maganizo ungafotokozere mbali zambiri za khalidwe la munthu, mafunso ambiri akadali oti ayankhe. Ubale pakati pa chidziwitso ndi chosazindikira, momwe zimakhudzirana, ndi njira za ubongo zomwe zimayambitsa njirazi zikadali zinsinsi zodabwitsa zomwe ziyenera kufufuzidwa kwambiri.
Kufufuza kwina m'magawo awiriwa sikuti kungotipatsa chidziwitso chozama cha 'omwe ndife' ndi 'momwe timagwirira ntchito,' komanso kungakhale ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu m'magawo monga zamaganizo azachipatala, sayansi ya ubongo, komanso ukadaulo wanzeru zopanga mtsogolo. Pamene tikupitiliza kufufuza ndikufufuza mozama, tsiku lina titha kumvetsetsa bwino zochitika zazikuluzikuluzi.
