Zakale Zakale ku Antarctica ndi Zomwe Zapezeka Zapadera
Antarctica nthawi zambiri imaganiziridwa ngati kontinenti yoyera komanso yopanda anthu: malo osatha a ayezi, mphepo yamkuntho, ndi kutentha kwambiri komwe kumapangitsa kuti moyo wa anthu ukhale wovuta kwa nthawi yayitali. Komabe, kumbuyo kwa chithunzi cha "kontinenti yopanda kanthu" kuli munda wophunzirira womwe ukuchulukirachulukira—zofukulidwa zakale za ku Antarctic. Ngakhale kontinentiyi sinali ndi zitukuko zakale monga Igupto kapena Mesopotamia, Antarctica ili ndi zizindikiro za zochita za anthu zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri kumvetsetsa mbiri ya kufufuza zinthu, makampani osaka nyama, sayansi yamakono, komanso momwe anthu amakhudzira chilengedwe chofooka kwambiri padziko lapansi. Zofukulidwa zakale za ku Antarctic ndi nkhani ya anthu omwe anafika pambuyo pake, akusiya zinthu zosavuta, koma zomveka.
N’chifukwa Chiyani Zinthu Zakale Zakale ku Antarctica N’zosiyana?
Kafukufuku wa zinthu zakale nthawi zambiri amagwirizanitsidwa ndi mabwinja a mizinda yakale, akachisi, manda, ndi zinthu zakale zomwe zakhalapo zaka masauzande ambiri. Antarctica ilibe anthu okhala m'deralo ndipo sinakhalidwepo kwamuyaya isanafike nthawi yamakono. Chifukwa chake, "kafukufuku wa zinthu zakale ku Antarctica" nthawi zambiri imayang'ana kwambiri zotsalira kuyambira zaka za m'ma 18 mpaka 20: nthawi yosaka zimbalangondo ndi anamgumi, nthawi ya maulendo ofufuza zinthu zakale, ndi masiku oyambirira a malo ofufuzira.
Kupadera kwake kuli m'malo ake ndi momwe zinthu zilili. Kutentha kochepa komanso malo ouma kwambiri m'madera ena zimatha kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe. Kumbali ina, mphepo yamphamvu, kuyenda kwa chisanu, ndi chipale chofewa zimatha kubisa kapena kusuntha malo modabwitsa. Zinthu zambiri zakale "zimasunthidwa" kapena kubisika, osati ndi zochita za anthu amakono, koma ndi mphamvu ya chilengedwe cha Antarctica.
Mapazi Oyambirira: Osaka Zisindikizo ndi Makampani Osaka
Anthu oyamba kukumana ndi anthu ku Antarctica ndi zilumba za subantarctic anali ndi ndalama zambiri: kusaka mafuta ndi zikopa za nyama zakuthengo, ndi kupha anangumi. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 18 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 19, asodzi ankalowa m'malo omwe ankaonedwa kuti ndi "akutali kwambiri" kuti asayang'aniridwe kwambiri. Anakhazikitsa misasa yakanthawi m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kugwiritsa ntchito mapanga ndi miyala, kapena kumanga nyumba zosavuta kuchokera ku mitengo ndi miyala.
Zomwe zimapezeka nthawi imeneyi zikuphatikizapo zotsalira za malo ophikira moto, mafupa a nyama, zidutswa za matabwa, misomali, zidutswa zachitsulo, mabotolo agalasi, ndipo nthawi zina ziwiya zophikira. Ngakhale kuti zinthuzi zimaoneka ngati zachilendo, zimathandiza akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale kukonzanso moyo wa asodzi ndi osonkhanitsa: momwe ankasankhira mafuta kukhala mafuta, momwe ankasungira zinthu, komanso kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa nyama zakuthengo zakomweko. Chidziwitsochi n'chofunika kwambiri chifukwa kusaka nyama zambiri nthawi ina kunachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa nkhono m'madera ena.
Nthawi ya "Nthawi ya Ankhondo": Kufufuza kwa Polar ndi Zinthu Zakale Zochokera ku Ulendo
Chimodzi mwa mitu yotchuka kwambiri m'mbiri ya Antarctic ndi "Nthawi Yamphamvu Yofufuza za Antarctic" (kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 19 mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 20). Mayina monga Robert Falcon Scott, Roald Amundsen, ndi Ernest Shackleton ankaimira chikhumbo cha anthu chogonjetsa South Pole. Kwa akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale, nthawi imeneyi inapanga malo ndi zinthu zakale zomwe nthawi zambiri zimamveka ngati "zapafupi" chifukwa nkhani zawo zalembedwa, koma zotsalira zawo zimakhalabe zodabwitsa.
Nyumba Yoyenda Paulendo Yozizira Panthawi Yake
Nyumba zogona alendo m'malo ena, makamaka m'chigawo cha Ross Sea, zimakhala ngati "ma capsules a nthawi" odabwitsa. Mkati mwake, mungapeze mabokosi, zitini za chakudya, mabotolo a mankhwala, zida zasayansi, zovala zaubweya, nsapato, komanso zolemba kapena ma CD omwe akuwonetsa ukadaulo ndi zizolowezi za ogula panthawiyo.
Nyumba ngati izi ndi zapadera chifukwa zinthu zambiri zimakhalabe pamalo ake, ngati kuti anthu okhalamo angochoka kumene. Akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale ndi osunga zinthu zakale amatha kuphunzira momwe ulendowu unayendera: chakudya chomwe adabweretsa, momwe adakonzera malo awo, zida zomwe adaziona kuti ndizofunikira, komanso momwe adapulumukira kutentha kwambiri. Kupitilira kufunika kwawo kwasayansi, malowa ali ndi tanthauzo lamphamvu lamalingaliro ndi mbiri yakale - logwirizana ndi kulimbana kwa anthu, kulephera, ndi kulimba mtima.
Kupeza "Kakang'ono" Kothandiza
Sizinthu zonse zodabwitsa zomwe zimapezeka m'nyumba. Nthawi zina, zinthu zazing'ono monga supuni, zilembo za katoni, zotsalira za makandulo, kapena zidutswa za nsalu zimatha kuwulula zambiri: thanzi la gululo, kusiyanasiyana kwa zakudya, mwayi wopeza mankhwala, komanso kusintha kwa njira zopulumukira. M'malo ovuta kwambiri, zisankho zazing'ono—monga mtundu wa mafuta kapena kapangidwe ka nsapato—zingathe kutanthauza kusiyana pakati pa moyo ndi imfa. Zakale zakale zimatithandiza kuona maulendo osati ngati nthano zazikulu zokha, komanso ngati zokumana nazo zenizeni za anthu.
Zakale Zamakono: Malo Ofufuzira ndi "Cholowa" cha M'zaka za m'ma 20
Pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, Antarctica inalowa mu nthawi ya kafukufuku wasayansi wozama kwambiri. Malo ambiri ofufuzira anamangidwa, ena anasiyidwa ndi kusinthidwa, ndipo ena anakonzedwanso kwambiri. Izi zinapangitsa kuti pakhale mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya malo ofukula zinthu zakale: zotsalira za zomangamanga zamakono monga malo ang'onoang'ono oyendera ndege, malo osungiramo zinthu, matanki amafuta, zida zolumikizirana, magalimoto akale a chipale chofewa, komanso milu ya zinyalala "zakale".
Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, ngakhale zinyalala zimatha kukhala zinthu zakale. Milu ya zitini, mabotolo, zida zamakina, ndi zipangizo zomangira zimatha kuvumbula zizindikiro za ukadaulo, zizolowezi zogwiritsira ntchito, komanso momwe miyezo ya chilengedwe yasinthira pakapita nthawi. Zomwe kale zinkaonedwa kuti ndi zachilendo—monga kutaya zinyalala m'dera linalake—tsopano zikuonedwa kuti ndi zoopsa ku chilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, zokambirana zokhudza zofukula zakale ku Antarctic nthawi zambiri zimalumikizana ndi kusunga chilengedwe: ndi chiyani chomwe chiyenera kutsukidwa pazifukwa za chilengedwe, ndi chiyani chomwe chiyenera kusungidwa kuti chikhale ndi phindu m'mbiri?
Zomwe Zapezeka Zapadera: Kuyambira Chakudya Chosungidwa M'zitini Mpaka Kutsatira Moyo Watsiku ndi Tsiku
Akafunsidwa kuti “kodi zinthu zapadera zomwe zimapezeka ku Antarctica ndi ziti?”, yankho nthawi zambiri si golide kapena miyala yamtengo wapatali, koma zinthu za anthu okha:
1. Zitini ndi mabotolo a chakudya kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma 19/20: zikuwonetsa njira zoperekera zakudya, ukadaulo wosungira zinthu komanso zizindikiro zomwe zimalumikiza Antarctica ndi mafakitale apadziko lonse lapansi.
2. Zipangizo zakale zasayansi: ma thermometer, barometer, zida zoyezera nyengo, makamera oyambirira, ndi zida zoyezera mapu, zomwe zikuwonetsa kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi yamunda.
3. Zovala ndi zida zopulumukira: ubweya, magolovesi, nsapato, maso oteteza, ndi zosintha zopangidwa ndi manja zomwe zimathandiza akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale kumvetsetsa kusintha kwa anthu.
4. Zojambulajambula, mayina olembedwa, kapena zolemba zazing'ono: nthawi zina zimapezeka pamatabwa kapena makoma a nyumba—zizindikiro zamaganizo za kutopa, chiyembekezo, kapena zizindikiro za kukhalapo.
5. Zotsalira za khitchini ndi malo ogona: kapangidwe ka nyumbayo, mawu a "moyo watsiku ndi tsiku" omwe amatsimikizira kuti mbiri yakale imakhala ndi zochitika zazing'ono.
Chinthu china chapadera ndi momwe zimasungidwira. M'malo ena, zinthu zachilengedwe monga matabwa kapena nsalu zimatha kukhala ndi moyo wautali kuposa m'malo ozizira. Komabe, chifukwa cha kufooka kwawo, pamene malo akukumana ndi kusintha kwa madzi oundana kapena zochita za anthu amakono, kuwonongeka kumatha kuchitika mwachangu.
Mavuto Ofufuza: Nyengo, Makhalidwe Abwino, ndi Kuteteza Malo
Kuchita zinthu zakale ku Antarctica sikungofuna kukumba dothi. Mavuto akuluakulu ndi monga zinthu zokwera mtengo, nyengo yochepa yogwirira ntchito, komanso zoopsa zachitetezo. Malo ambiri ali kutali ndi malo ofufuzira, ndipo ntchito iliyonse iyenera kuchepetsa kuwononga kwake chilengedwe.
Palinso mavuto azamalamulo okhudza makhalidwe abwino komanso apadziko lonse lapansi. Antarctica imayendetsedwa kudzera mu dongosolo lapadziko lonse lapansi lomwe limagogomezera kugwiritsa ntchito mwamtendere komanso kafukufuku wasayansi. Kuteteza cholowa cha chikhalidwe—monga nyumba zoyendera alendo—kumafuna mfundo zokhwima zosungira zinthu. Mwachizolowezi, magulu oteteza zachilengedwe ayenera kulinganiza bwino nkhani zitatu zazikulu: kusunga malo enieni, kupewa kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe, ndi kuyang'anira maulendo a anthu (kuphatikizapo zokopa alendo) kuti apewe kuwonongeka.
Kusintha kwa Nyengo ndi Tsogolo la Zakale za Antarctic
Chimodzi mwa mavuto akuluakulu masiku ano ndi kusintha kwa nyengo. Pamene ayezi akusungunuka, mbali zina za malowa zitha kuonekera koyamba patatha zaka makumi ambiri—zimene zingapangitse kuti pakhale mwayi wopeza zinthu zatsopano. Komabe, kuonekera kumeneku kumatanthauzanso zoopsa: matabwa omwe kale anali otetezedwa akhoza kuwonongeka mofulumira, chitsulo chikhoza dzimbiri mofulumira, ndipo nyumba zitha kusakhazikika chifukwa cha nthaka yozizira yomwe ikusuntha.
Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kusintha kwa nyengo sikuti ndi vuto la chilengedwe lokha, komanso vuto la kusunga cholowa cha chikhalidwe. Kafukufuku wa zinthu zakale ku Antarctica akuchulukirachulukira akuchita ngati "wosunga zokumbukira" - kulemba malo mwachangu momwe angathere, pogwiritsa ntchito mapu a digito, kujambula zithunzi zapamwamba, kusanthula kwa 3D, ndi njira zosawononga chilengedwe kuti achepetse kuwonongeka.
Kutseka
Kafukufuku wa zinthu zakale ku Antarctica sangakhale ndi mapiramidi kapena akachisi akale, koma pamenepo ndi pomwe pali wapadera. Kontinenti iyi ili ndi mbiri ya anthu achichepere koma ozama: nkhani za maulendo osaka omwe adasintha zachilengedwe, maulendo olimba mtima omwe adayesa malire a kupirira, ndi kafukufuku wasayansi womwe udapanga kumvetsetsa kwathu kwa dziko lapansi. Zinthu zapadera zomwe zapezeka ku Antarctica nthawi zambiri zimakhala zinthu za tsiku ndi tsiku - zitini, nsapato, zida zoyezera, zolemba - zomwe zingaganizidwe ngati zachilendo kwina kulikonse, koma m'mphepete mwa dziko lapansi zimachitira umboni chete wa mavuto ndi zisankho za anthu.
Mu chinthu chilichonse chozizira pansi pa mphepo yamkuntho, timaona chithunzithunzi cha ife eni: chidwi, chilakolako, kulimba mtima, ndi zotsatira zake. Antarctica imatiphunzitsa kuti mbiri si nthawi zonse yolembedwa ndi mizinda ikuluikulu ndi maufumu akale—nthawi zina imapangidwa ndi nyumba zazing'ono mu ayezi, ndi zinthu zosavuta zomwe zimasiyidwa kuti zipulumuke.
Ngati mukufuna, nditha kusintha nkhaniyi kuti ikhale yasayansi kwambiri (ndi njira ndi magawo ena ofotokozera), kapena yotchuka kwambiri ndi kalembedwe ka nkhani yokhudza ulendo.
