Chikhalidwe cha Pop ndi Kuyimira Zakale
Kafukufuku wa zinthu zakale nthawi zambiri amaganiziridwa ngati ntchito yofukula pansi, kuyeretsa zinthu zakale ndi burashi yaying'ono, kenako n’kusonkhanitsa zidutswa zakale kukhala nkhani yogwirizana. Komabe, m’moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, anthu ambiri amaphunzira za kafukufuku wa zinthu zakale osati kuchokera m’mabuku ophunzirira kapena m’nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zakale, koma kuchokera ku chikhalidwe cha anthu otchuka: mafilimu, mapulogalamu apa TV, masewera, mabuku azithunzithunzi, mabuku a nkhani zakale, komanso malo ochezera a pa Intaneti. Ndi pamalo awa pomwe kafukufuku wa zinthu zakale umawoneka ngati ulendo wodzaza ndi misampha, matemberero, ndi chuma chobisika. Zithunzizi zimapanga momwe anthu amaonera zakale—nthawi zina zimakulitsa chidwi, koma nthawi zambiri zimasinthasintha, kusokoneza, kapena kubisa makhalidwe abwino ndi njira zasayansi zofufuzira zinthu zakale.
Kufukula zinthu zakale monga "ulendo" m'malingaliro otchuka
Chimodzi mwa zithunzi zamphamvu kwambiri za zinthu zakale m'chikhalidwe cha anthu otchuka ndi katswiri wa zinthu zakale monga munthu wodziwa bwino ntchito yake: munthu amene amamenyana mwaluso, kufunafuna zinthu zakale zosowa, kuthetsa ma puzzle, ndikuthawa misampha yakale. Chithunzichi chimapangitsa kuti zinthu zakale ziwoneke zokongola komanso zosangalatsa, zosiyana kwambiri ndi zenizeni za ntchito yayikulu yakumunda, zolemba mosamala, komanso kusanthula kovuta kwa labotale.
Nkhani ya "kusaka zinthu zakale" nthawi zambiri imaika chinthucho pakati pa nkhaniyi: chikasowa komanso "chamtengo wapatali" kwambiri, ndiye kuti nkhaniyo imakhala yokwera. Komabe, mu kafukufuku wa sayansi, phindu lalikulu silili m'cholengedwa chokhacho, koma m'nkhani yake: malo ake ozungulira, ubale wake ndi zinthu zina zomwe zapezeka, malo osungira zachilengedwe, ndi deta yotsatizana nayo. Chinthu chikatengedwa popanda zikalata zoyenera, chidziwitso chokhudza zakale chingatayike kwamuyaya. Chikhalidwe cha anthu nthawi zambiri sichimasonyeza kuti "kutenga" chinthu popanda njira yoyenera ndi kuwononga deta - ngakhale chikachitika ndi zolinga zabwino.
Nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zakale, zosonkhanitsa zinthu, ndi mthunzi wa ulamuliro wa atsamunda
Chikhalidwe cha anthu otchuka nthawi zambiri chimawonetsa nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zakale ngati malo osalowererapo omwe "amapulumutsa" zinthu zakale. M'nkhani zakale zochititsa chidwi, zinthu zakale zimabweretsedwa ku nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, ngati kuti ndizo zotsatira zabwino kwambiri. Chithunzichi chimabisa mbiri yakale ya ukoloni ndi kutenga zinthu zachikhalidwe kuchokera kumadera omwe anali atsamunda kapena madera am'deralo. Zosonkhanitsa zambiri tsopano zikukangana za komwe zimachokera: kodi zinapezeka kudzera mu kugula koyenera, kufukula mwalamulo, kapena kuba ndi kukakamiza?
Nkhani yokhudza kubweza zinthu zakale—kubweza zinthu zakale kumadera awo kapena kumayiko omwe anachokera—ikukambidwa kawirikawiri, koma nthawi zambiri siili yofunika kwambiri pankhani yofotokoza nkhani. Komabe, kukambirana za “yemwe ali ndi zakale” ndi nkhani yofunika kwambiri m’mabwinja amakono. Pamene chikhalidwe cha anthu ambiri chikuwonetsa kubweza zinthu zakale ngati ngwazi, omvera amatha kumvetsa lingaliro lakuti umwini wa cholowa cha chikhalidwe umangodalira amene “anachipeza” kapena “anachisunga”.
Maonekedwe a chikhalidwe chakale ndi zachilendo
Kufotokozera za zinthu zakale mu chikhalidwe cha anthu otchuka nthawi zambiri kumadalira zinthu zachilendo: akachisi obisika m'nkhalango, mapiramidi achinsinsi, mizinda yotayika, ndi "zitukuko zapamwamba" zomwe zinatha popanda kudziwika. Pali chikoka champhamvu ku lingaliro lakuti zakale zili ndi zinsinsi zomwe zikuyembekezera kuvumbulidwa. Komabe, zinthu zachilendo zimatha kusanduka mosavuta malingaliro olakwika, makamaka a zikhalidwe zakunja kwa Kumadzulo.
Magulu akale nthawi zambiri amawonetsedwa ngati ofanana, achinsinsi, komanso ogwirizana ndi matemberero. M'mafilimu ndi masewera ena, zizindikiro zachikhalidwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokongoletsera zoopsa kapena ma puzzle, popanda mbiri yakale. Zotsatira zake, zikhalidwe zenizeni zitha kuchepetsedwa kukhala "mitu" chabe. Izi sizongokhudza kulondola kokha, komanso kulemekeza madera amoyo omwe ali ndi malingaliro ofanana ndi akale.
Nthano yakuti "kufufuza zinthu zakale kumatsimikizira kuti ndi zachilendo" ndi umboni wakuti zinthu zakale n'zosamveka
Chikhalidwe cha anthu otchuka sichimangotchukitsa zinthu zakale; chimatchukitsanso zinthu zakale zongopeka: zonena zodabwitsa zomwe zimanyalanyaza njira yasayansi. Nkhani monga "aliens build the pyramid" kapena "hidden prehistoric super-advanced civilizations" zimagulitsidwa bwino chifukwa zimapereka zodabwitsa komanso chinsinsi nthawi yomweyo. Mwatsoka, nkhani zimenezi nthawi zambiri zimapeputsa mphamvu za magulu akale ndikunyalanyaza umboni waukulu wa zinthu zakale.
Pamene ziwonetsero zotere zimadziwika bwino kuposa ntchito zenizeni zakale, anthu ambiri amatha kukayikira sayansi kapena kufuna "umboni" wozikidwa pa miyezo ya zosangalatsa. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti zakale zilibe zinsinsi zake; kwenikweni, mafunso ambiri akuluakulu amakhalabe otseguka. Koma kusiyana kwake ndi kwakuti: zakale zimayankha kudzera mu zofukula zoyezedwa, kusanthula zinthu, kusanthula tsiku, ndi kufananiza deta, osati kungoganizira za zinthu zochititsa chidwi.
Zotsatira zabwino: njira yopezera luso lowerenga mbiri yakale
Ngakhale kuti pali mavuto ambiri, chikhalidwe cha anthu otchuka chilinso ndi mbali yabwino. Makanema ndi masewera okhudzana ndi zinthu zakale akhoza kukhala njira zothandiza zopezera chidwi ndi mbiri yakale, kusungirako zinthu zakale, ndi nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zakale. Anthu ambiri amayamba kuchita chidwi ndi Igupto wakale, Roma, kapena malo akale akale akamaonera mabuku ofotokoza zinthu zakale, kuwerenga mabuku akale, kapena kusewera masewera osangalatsa.
Chikhalidwe cha anthu otchuka chingathandizenso anthu kumvetsetsa kuti zinthu zazing'ono—zidutswa za miphika, mafupa, zotsalira za zomera—zimanena nkhani zazikulu. Mwachitsanzo, pamene mndandanda ukuwonetsa kumangidwanso kwa chakudya chakale kapena kusanthula DNA yakale, owonera amatha kuona zinthu zakale ngati sayansi yamaphunziro osiyanasiyana, osati kungofukula. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, kukwera kwa zinthu zophunzitsira pa YouTube, ma podcasts, ndi njira zosungiramo zinthu zakale kwathandizanso kumvetsetsa njira zofufuzira ndi makhalidwe abwino.
Malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, kukongola kwa "zopezedwa," ndi makhalidwe abwino olembera
Nthawi ya malo ochezera a pa Intaneti yabweretsa mitundu yatsopano yowonetsera: zithunzi za zinthu zomwe zapezedwa, makanema a zinthu zofukulidwa, zomangamanga za digito, komanso maulendo apa intaneti. Izi zimakulitsa mwayi wopezeka kwa anthu ambiri—komanso zimadzetsa mavuto. Pamene "zinthu zomwe zapezedwa" zikuwonetsedwa ngati zomwe zili pa intaneti, pali chiopsezo chakuti njira yasayansi yochedwetsa komanso yosamala idzaonedwa ngati yosasangalatsa. Kuphatikiza apo, kugawana malo a malo mosasankha kungalimbikitse kuba.
Kumbali inayi, malo ochezera a pa Intaneti amapereka mwayi kwa akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale ndi madera am'deralo kuti akonze zolakwika, kufotokozera nkhani, ndikuwonetsa ntchito zomwe zikuchitika m'mbuyo mwa zochitika: kujambula, kusunga zachilengedwe, kukambirana ndi anthu okhalamo, komanso njira yololeza. Kuyimira anthu m'makhalidwe abwino kungawonekere pamene akatswiri, mabungwe, ndi madera agwirizana pofotokoza nkhani—m'malo mongogwiritsa ntchito zakale ngati maziko a ulendo.
Kukonzanso mawonekedwe: pakati pa kulondola ndi sewero
Chikhalidwe cha anthu otchuka chimadalira kwambiri zithunzi: mizinda yakale imapangidwanso ndi CGI, nkhope zakale za anthu zimamangidwanso, miyambo imawonetsedwa modabwitsa. Kukonzanso kumeneku kumadyetsa malingaliro a anthu, koma kumathanso kupereka chitsimikizo chabodza. M'malo mwake, kukonzanso nthawi zonse kumaphatikizapo malingaliro: mtundu wa zovala, mawonekedwe a denga, kapena tsatanetsatane wa miyambo nthawi zambiri sizimadziwika.
Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kusiyanitsa pakati pa "kumanganso kozikidwa pa umboni" ndi "kutanthauzira zaluso." Nyumba zina zosungiramo zinthu zakale ndi zolemba zakale zikuyamba kuwonetsa kusatsimikizika: komwe kumathandizidwa ndi umboni wolunjika, womwe ndi zotsatira za kufananiza, komanso komwe ndi kongoyerekeza. Kuchita izi poyera kungakhale chitsanzo cha chikhalidwe cha anthu kuti chikhalebe chosangalatsa popanda kuwononga kutsimikizika kwa sayansi.
Kufikira kuyimira bwino kwambiri za zinthu zakale
Pofuna kupewa chikhalidwe cha anthu otchuka kuti chisagwere m'nkhani zofufuza chuma, pali njira zingapo zowonjezerera kuyimira kwa zinthu zakale. Choyamba, gogomezerani mgwirizano: zinthu zakale si ntchito ya munthu payekha, koma mgwirizano pakati pa akatswiri a sayansi ya nthaka, akatswiri ofufuza za malo osungira nyama, akatswiri a mbiri yakale, akatswiri osunga zinthu zakale, akatswiri a GIS, ndi madera am'deralo. Chachiwiri, ikani makhalidwe abwino ngati gawo la nkhani: zilolezo, upangiri, kubweza anthu kudziko lina, ndi kuteteza malo kungayambitse mkangano wamphamvu wa nkhani popanda kufunikira kubisika.
Chachitatu, kulimbikitsa zofukulidwa zakale ngati njira yomvetsetsera anthu, osati njira yopezera zinthu zokha. Mafunso ofukulidwa zakale nthawi zambiri amakhala ofunikira kwambiri: kodi anthu ankachita bwanji ndi kusintha kwa nyengo, kusamuka, mikangano, kapena miliri m'mbuyomu? Mitu imeneyi ili pafupi ndi nkhawa zamakono ndipo ingapangitse kuti zofukulidwa zakale zizioneka ngati zamoyo komanso zofunika.
Kutseka
Chikhalidwe cha anthu otchuka chimapanga malingaliro a anthu onse pa zinthu zakale: chimatha kukoka, kusangalatsa, komanso kusokeretsa. Zithunzi zazikulu za zinthu zakale—zosangalatsa, matemberero, ndi chuma chobisika—nthawi zambiri zimabisa njira yasayansi, makhalidwe abwino, ndi magawo a chikhalidwe cha anthu pa nkhani za chikhalidwe. Komabe, chifukwa cha mphamvu yake yayikulu, chikhalidwe cha anthu otchuka chilinso ndi kuthekera kogwirizanitsa sayansi ndi anthu. Ndi nkhani zomwe zimaganizira kwambiri nkhani, zowonekera bwino za umboni, komanso zolemekeza madera omwe ali ndi cholowa cha chikhalidwe, zinthu zakale mu chikhalidwe cha anthu otchuka zimatha kukhalabe zosangalatsa popanda kutaya udindo wake. Pomaliza, zakale si malo ongosangalatsa chabe, koma malo ogawana chidziwitso omwe amafunika kusamalidwa kudzera mu nkhani zolondola komanso zosamala.
