He Aratohu Katoa mō te Aquascaping mō ngā Tīmatanga
Ko te mahi aquascaping he mahi toi o te whakarite i ngā tipu wai, ngā toka, te rakau, me ētahi atu mea whakapaipai i roto i te aquarium hei hanga i tētahi whenua ataahua i raro i te wai e noho ora ana mō ōna kainoho. Mō ngā tīmatanga, he uaua te mahi aquascaping nā te maha o ngā kupu hangarau: CO₂, ngā tātari, ngā papa, te pahikara, me te rama hihi. Heoi, ki te māramahia i ia taahiraa, i ia taahiraa, ka taea e te mahi aquascaping te noho hei mahi whakangahau ngahau, whakangā, me te tino makona. Ka kapi i tēnei tuhinga he aratohu katoa mō te mahi aquascaping mō ngā tīmatanga, mai i te whakamahere me te whiriwhiri i ngā taputapu me ngā whakaritenga hardscape ki te whakato me te tiaki.
1. Kia mārama ki ngā ariā taketake o te aquascaping
Ehara i te mea ko te "ataahua" anake te kaupapa o te ataahua wai, engari ko te pumau o te koiora hoki. I roto i te whare ika, ka mahi te huringa hauota: ka puta he haukini paitini mai i ngā toenga kai me ngā para ika, ka hurihia e ngā huakita pai hei nitrite, ā, hei nitrate haumaru ake. Ka āwhina ngā tipu ki te mimiti i te nitrate me te pupuri i te kounga o te wai. Nō reira, me arotahi te mahi aquascaping pai ki ngā āhuatanga matua e toru: te ataahua, te hauora o te rauropi, me te ngāwari o te tiaki.
Mō ngā tīmatanga, ko te whāinga pai ko te waihanga i tētahi taiao wai "hangarau-iti ki te-waenga": te whakamahi i ngā tipu iti ake te tono, te rama e tika ana, te tātari pai, me te CO₂ whiriwhiri. Mā tēnei huarahi ka whakaitihia te mōrearea o te tipu o te rimurimu, ā, ka māmā ake te tiaki.
2. Whakatauhia te momo aquascape
I mua i te hoko taputapu, me whakatau tuatahi koe i te momo kāhua e hiahia ana koe ki te waihanga. Ko ētahi momo kāhua rongonui ko:
1. Whare Ika Taiao (kāhua Amano): he rite ki ngā tirohanga taiao, he mea hanga ki te kōhatu/rakau tūturu.
2. Iwagumi: he kōhatu te nuinga, he āhua iti, he maha ngā whāriki e whakamahia ana pērā i te Monte Carlo, te dwarf hairgrass rānei.
3. Kāhua Tatimana: e arotahi ana ki te momo tipu, te rerekētanga o ngā tae, me te whakaritenga "māra" ātaahua.
4. Kāhua Ngāherehere: he matomato, he āhua "mohoao" te āhua, he ngāwari te tiaki mēnā ka tika te whiriwhiri i ngā tipu.
He pai te tīmatanga mō ngā tīmata ki te ako i te Nature Aquarium, i te Jungle Style rānei, nā te mea he ngāwari, ā, he tere te āhua "ora".
3. Kōwhiria te rahi pai mō te ika
He maha ngā tīmatanga e hiahia ana ki te tīmata me tētahi tāke nano (i raro i te 30 rita). Ahakoa he iti ake te wāhi e penapena ana, he uaua ake te whakaū: ka tere ake te huri o te pāmahana me te kounga o te wai. Ko ngā rahi e pai ana mō te tīmatanga:
– 60 henemita (tata ki te 60–75 rita): he nui te wāhi hei mahi auaha, he pumau ake, ā, he ngāwari te kimi i ngā taputapu.
– 45 henimita (tata ki te 35–45 rita): he tino pumau tonu, he pai mō te tēpu mahi.
Ki te taea, whiriwhiria he puna ika he karāhe mārama kia mārama ake ai te tirohanga.
4. Ngā taputapu matua e hiahiatia ana
Anei ngā taputapu matua mō te aquascaping:
a) Tātari
Mā ngā tātari ka mārama te wai, ā, ka noho hei kāinga mō ngā huakita whai hua. Ko ngā tātari noa mō te aquascaping ko:
– Tātari ipu (e taunakitia ana): he nui te kaha o te pāpāho, he pumau te rere, he ātaahua te āhua.
– Tātari whakairi (HOB): he iti ake te utu, he māmā ake hoki te tāuta, engari he iti ake te kaha o te pāpāho.
Tāpirihia ngā mea koiora (ngā mowhiti uku/pōro koiora) me ngā hautai. Kia kore e tino kaha te ia mō ētahi tipu, engari kia rawaka mō te rere o te wai.
b) Te Whakamārama
Mā te rama e whakatau te tipu o ngā tipu me te kaha o te tipu o te rimurimu. Mō ngā tīmatanga:
– Whakamahia ngā rama LED motuhake mō te mahi aquascaping mēnā ka taea.
– Ko te roanga tīmatanga he 6 hāora ia rā, kātahi ka piki haere ki te 7–8 hāora mēnā ka pumau.
Ka puta te rimu i te kaha rawa o te mārama, engari kāore he matūkai taurite me te CO₂.
c) Papa raro
Ko te oneone te "oneone" e pakiaka ai ngā tipu. E rua ngā kōwhiringa:
– Oneone wai: he nui ngā matūkai, he tino āwhina mō ngā tipu (e taunakitia ana mō te hunga tīmata).
– Oneone/kirikiri kore mahi: he iti ake te utu, engari me whakamahi tongi turanga/pūtake mō ngā hua pakiaka.
Mō ngā tipu whāriki, ko te oneone wai te mea māmā rawa.
d) Papa mārō (kōhatu me te rakau)
Ko te papa rakau te hanganga matua. Kōwhiria ngā toka papa wai pērā i te kōhatu seiryu, te kōhatu tarakona, te kōhatu rangitoto rānei. Mō te rakau, ko ngā kōwhiringa rongonui ko te rakau tāwhana, te rakau pungawerewere, te rasamala rānei (kia tino haumaru mō te aquarium). Horoia, ka rumakina te rakau kia iti ai ngā tannin, kia kore ai hoki e mānu rawa.
e) CO₂ (whiringa engari he tino āwhina)
Ka whakateretere te CO₂ i te tipu o ngā tipu, ā, ka pehia te rimurimu ina taurite. Heoi, ahakoa kāore he CO₂, ka taea e ngā mahi aquascape te angitu me ngā tipu hangarau iti. Ki te whakamahi i te CO₂:
– Whakamahia ngā kaiwhakahaere, ngā solenoid, ngā kaute mirumiru, me ngā kaiwhakarere.
– Whakakāhia te CO₂ 1–2 hāora i mua i te whakakānga o ngā rama, whakawetohia hoki 1 hāora i mua i te whakawetonga o ngā rama.
f) Ngā taputapu tautoko
He tino āwhina ngā tīpī Aquascape, ngā kutikuti tipu, te waru karāhe, te inemahana, me te kete whakamātautau (haukini/nitrite/nitrate, pH rānei).
5. Kōwhiria ngā tipu e pai ana mō te hunga tīmata
Ngā tipu pakari e tika ana mō te hunga tīmata:
– Anubias (nana, petite): kāore e hiahia ki te nui o te māramatanga, e piri ana ki te rakau/kōhatu.
– Te rarauhe Java (Microsorum): he māmā, he kaha, he piri tonu.
– Bucephalandra: he ataahua, he puhoi te tipu, he piri.
– Cryptocoryne (wendtii, parva): he pai mō te tipu waenga whenua, ka "rewa" i te tīmatanga engari ka ora anō i te nuinga o te wā.
– Vallisneria: tere te tupu, he pai mō te papamuri.
– Hygrophila polysperma / Limnophila sessiliflora: he tipu kakau tere, ka āwhina ki te patu i te rimurimu i te tīmatanga.
– Moss (java moss, christmas moss): ngāwari mō ngā taipitopito.
Mō ngā whāriki ngāwari: ko te Monte Carlo (he māmā ake mēnā he CO₂), ko te dwarf sagittarius rānei hei whakakapi mō te whāriki "haurua" ātete.
6. Ngā taahiraa hei waihanga i tētahi aquascape mai i te tīmatanga
a) Whakamaherehia te tahora
Whakamahia ngā mātāpono tito ngāwari pēnei i te ture o ngā hautoru: kaua te pūwāhi arotahi e noho ki waenganui, engari kia paku ki te taha maui, ki te taha matau rānei. Tuhia he tānga whānui ki te pepa, tirohia rānei tētahi tohutoro, kātahi ka whakarerekē kia rite ki te rahi o te tāke.
b) Tāutahia te papa raro
Waihangahia he pari ki muri kia hōhonu, kia tūturu hoki te āhua. Ka taea e koe te whakamahi i te toka rangitoto, i tētahi papa māmā rānei hei "tautoko" i te teitei, kātahi ka taupokina te oneone wai ki runga hei penapena wāhi.
c) Whakaritea te papa mārō
Whakatakotoria ngā toka/rakau i te tuatahi i mua i te tāpiri wai. Kimihia te koki pai rawa atu, me te aro ki te taurite me te āputa kore. Me whakarite kia pakari te hanganga, ā, e kore e hinga ngāwari.
d) Ngā hua tipu
He mahi nui: whakakīia ki te wai iti (tata ki te 2–5 henimita) kia makuku ai te oneone, kia ngāwari ai hoki te whakatō i ngā tipu.
– Ka whakatōkia ngā tipu kakau ki roto i ngā rōpū kia ātaahua ai te āhua.
– Kaua e whakatōkia ngā tipu tipu tipu (anubias, java fern, buce) ki roto i te oneone; herea/piria ki ngā kōhatu/rakau.
– Ka taea te tāpiri i te moko ki te miro, ki te kāpia aquascape motuhake rānei (he kirikiri cyanoacrylate haumaru).
e) Whakakīia mārire ki te wai
Whakatakotoria he pereti, he pepa kirihou rānei ki runga i te papa hei ārai i te wai kei whakaoho i te oneone wai. Kia kī, tahurihia te tātari me te whakamahana mēnā e tika ana (he pai te 24–26°C mō ngā tipu me ngā ika o te rohe pārūrū).
7. Te eke pahikara: te kī ki te angitu mō te haumaru o ngā ika
Kaua e tāpirihia he ika i te rā tuatahi. Hurihia te whare ika mō ngā wiki e 2–4 kia puta ai ngā huakita pai. Ko te tohu kei te tau te whare ika ko te tata ki te kore ngā taumata haukini me te nitrite. Ka taea e koe te tere ake te mahi mā te whakamahi i ngā huakita tīmatanga, i ngā rauemi tātari rānei mai i tētahi whare ika kua pakeke.
I ngā wāhanga tuatahi, ka puta pea te pūkohu. He mea noa tēnei, mena ka taurite te māramatanga, te kai, me te ma.
8. Te tiaki auau me mahi
Ko te tiaki te rerekētanga i waenga i te āhua wai roa me te āhua e tere pakaru ana.
– Te whakawhiti wai: 30–50% ia wiki (ka taea te whakamahi i te oneone wai i te wiki tuatahi).
– Whakatikatikahia ngā rama: tīmata i te 6 hāora ia rā, ka whakanuia mārire mēnā e tika ana.
– Tongi: Whakamahia te tongi wai kia rite ki ngā hiahia o te tipu. Kaua e nui rawa.
– Kutikutihia ngā tipu: kutikutihia ngā kakau o ngā tipu kia ātaahua ai, kia puta ai hoki ngā wana hou.
– Horoia te karāhe me te tātari: horoia te karāhe ina hiahiatia; horoia te tātari i ia wā (kaua e tino maha kia kore ai e ngaro ngā huakita).
9. Te whiriwhiri i ngā tāngata noho i roto i te whare ika (ika me te kōura)
Kia pumau te āhua o te aquascape, whiriwhiria ngā momo tangata e tika ana:
– Ngā ika kura iti: neon tetra, ember tetra, rasbora, cardinal tetra.
– Ngā kaihoroi rimurimu: otocinclus (me whai puna kua pakeke), kōura amano, ngata nerite.
– Kōura whakapaipai: kōura cherry (kia aro ki te hototahitanga ki te ika).
Āta karohia ngā ika e pai ana ki te keri i te oneone mēnā he maha ngā tipu whāriki kei roto i tō aquascape.
10. Ngā hapa tīmatanga noa me pēhea te karo i aua hapa
1. Te whakakā i te rama mō te wā roa rawa i te tīmatanga → 6 hāora noa iho, ka āta whakanuia.
2. Te tuku tere rawa i te ika ki roto → me eke pahikara i te tuatahi.
3. He uaua rawa ngā tipu mō te hunga tīmata → mai i te anubias, te fern, te hygrophila, te crypt.
4. Kāore e pumau te CO₂ → ki te whakamahia, kia rite tonu te rere.
5. Ka puta te rimurimu me te haukini i te kai nui rawa → ngā toenga kai.
6. Kāore e whakawhiti i te wai i ia wā → whakawhiti i te wai i ia wā, inā koa i te marama tuatahi.
Te Katinga
Kāore e hiahiatia he utu nui, he uaua rānei te mahi toi ika mō te hunga tīmata. Ko te mea nui ko te whakamahere tahora, te whiriwhiri i ngā tipu māmā, te pupuri i te taurite o te māramatanga me ngā matūkai, me te tiaki tonu. Tīmata ki tētahi ika ika rahi e tika ana, whiriwhiria ngā momo rakau pakari māmā, whakatohia he maha ngā tipu tere te tipu hei whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te rimurimu, ā, tatari marie kia pakeke te pūnaha rauropi i mua i te tāpiri i ngā ika. I roto i te wā, ka mōhio ake koe ki te reo o ngā ika ika, ā, ka taea e koe te hanga i ngā momo rakau ika ika e kore e ataahua anake engari he hauora hoki, he roa hoki te ora.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te hanga i tētahi putanga motuhake ake i runga i te rahi o tō puna ika (hei tauira, 45 cm, 60 cm rānei), ahakoa e hiahia ana koe ki te whakamahi i te CO₂, kāore rānei, me te momo aquascape e pai ana ki a koe.
