Hangarau Hanga Miro Ika
He hua tukatuka te miro ika, he muka pai, maroke, reka, me ngā muka kua rite ki te kai. I ngā rohe takutai o Initonīhia, he huarahi pai te miro ika hei whakanui ake i te uara tāpiri o ngā hopunga, hei whakaroa i te roa o te wā e penapenahia ana, hei whakawhānui ake hoki i te mākete mō ngā hua ika. Mā te whakamahi i te hangarau whakaputa tika—mai i te whiriwhiri rauemi mata me te tunu kai, te whakamaroke, me te takai—ka taea te whakaputa miro ika i runga i te pumau, i te haumaru, me ngā āhuatanga kare ā-roto e maioha ana ngā kaihoko. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga te hangarau whakaputa miro ika, tae atu ki ngā āhuatanga akuaku, ngā tawhā tukanga, me ngā whai wāhitanga whanaketanga.
1. Ngā rauemi mata me ngā paerewa kounga ika
Ko te kounga o te ika tapatapahi ka whakatauhia mai i te tīmatanga e te kounga o te ika. Ko ētahi o ngā ika e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te tuna skipjack, te tuna, te catfish, te patin (catfish), te ika snakehead, tae atu ki ngā ika iti o te moana pērā i te makarela. Ko ngā paearu matua mō te ika hou ko te kakara hou (kāore i te kaha, kāore hoki i te pirau), ngā kanohi mārama, ngā pihanga whero kanapa, te kikokiko mārō, me te korenga o te paru nui. Ki te iti ake te ika hou, ka puta he ika tapatapahi kakara kino, ā, ka tere ake te pirau nā te waikura o te ngako.
Haunga te hou, he mea nui anō hoki kia whakaarohia te nui o te ngako. Ka taea e ngā ika he nui te ngako te whakaputa i ngā ika tapatapahi reka ake, engari he ngāwari ake te pirau. Nō reira, he mea nui te whakamahana whakahaere me te takai ā-hau mō tēnei momo ika. Mā te whakamahi i ngā tāpiringa pēnei i ngā antioxidants tūturu (hei tauira, ngā tangohanga mea kakara) ka āwhina hoki ki te aukati i te waikura.
2. Ngā mātāpono taketake o te hangarau miro ika
I roto i te hangarau, ka whakamahia e te miro ika te whakakotahitanga o te whakamahana, te pirau muka, te whakakīkī, me te whakaiti wai. Ka whakaitihia e te iti o te wai te mahi a ngā moroiti, ā, ka roa ake te ora o te hua. Hei tāpiri, ka whai wāhi te whakamahana ki te whakakore i ngā whākōkī, te whakaiti i ngā poke, me te whakawhanake i ngā reka motuhake mā te tauhohenga Maillard i te wā tunutunu, i te parai rānei.
Ko ngā whāinga kounga whakamutunga mō te mīti tapatapahi ko: he maroke, he muka te kakano, he taurite te reka, he kakara kakara motuhake, he parauri koura te tae, ā, kāore i te tino hinuhinu. Ka ngāwari te tupu o te harore ki te hua mākū rawa, ko te mea ia he tino hinuhinu rawa ka ngāwari te pirau, ā, kāore e tino hiahiatia.
3. Ngā wāhanga o te hanga miro ika
a) Te whakahaere me te horoi tuatahi
Ka tangohia ngā kiko o ngā ika (ka tangohia ngā pane, ka tangohia ngā puku), kātahi ka horoia ki te wai ma e rere ana hei tango i te toto, te hūpē, me ētahi atu poke. I runga i te tauine ahumahi, ka taea te horoi mā te whakamahi i te wai matao, he wai kōkōwai kei roto i ngā rohe haumaru mō te kai, me te wāhi motuhake he pai te akuaku.
b) Te korohū, te kohua rānei
Ko te whāinga matua o te tunu kai tuatahi he tunu i te mīti kia māmā ai te haehae me te whakaiti i te nui o ngā moroiti. He pai ake te tunu mā te korohū nā te mea ka whakaiti i te mimiti o ngā mea kakara ki roto i te wai tunu. Ko te roa o te tunu kai e whakawhirinaki ana ki te rahi o te ika, ko te tikanga he 20–40 meneti, kia maoa rawa te mīti, kia ngāwari hoki te wehe i ngā wheua.
c) Te wehenga me te haehae wheua
Kia maoa, ka whakamataohia te ika mō te wā poto, kātahi ka tangohia mai i ngā wheua, te kiri, me ngā wheua ririki. Kātahi ka haehaea te mīti kia rite ki ngā muka angiangi. I roto i te tauine o te whare, ka haehaea ā-ringa, ka mahia rānei ki te marau. I roto i te tauine nui ake, ka whakamahia he mīhini haehae hei tere ake i te tukanga, hei whakaputa hoki i ngā muka ōrite. Mā ngā muka ōrite ka pai ake te maroke o te tukanga.
d) Te whakaranu i ngā mea kakara me ngā mea kakara tunu kai
Ko ngā mea kakara te mea matua e wehewehe ana i te miro ika. Ko te nuinga o te wā kei roto ko te riki, te kāriki, te korianara, te huka, te tote, te kāngarara, te tarutaru rēmana, ngā rau pē, ngā rau raima, te tamarini, me te wai kokonati (kāore e hiahiatia). Ka puta he reka me te kakara motuhake mai i te wai kokonati, engari ka taea e ia te whakanui ake i te nui o te ngako, me te whakahaere tupato kia kore ai e pirau wawe.
I runga i te hangarau, ka taea te tunu i ngā mea kakara kia kakara rawa, kia maoa rawa, kātahi ka tāpirihia ngā ika, ka whakaohokia kia pai. I tēnei wā, he mea nui te whakahaere wera me te whakaoho kia mimiti ngā mea kakara, kia kore ai e wera. Mā te whakaoho tonu ka tere ake te mimiti o te wai.
e) Whakamaroke: tunua, parai, oumu rānei
Mā tēnei wāhanga ka whakatauhia te nui o te makuku me te pakari o te mīti kua haehaea. He maha ngā tikanga:
1. Te tunu me te kore hinu
Ka tāpirihia ngā mea kakara ki te miro ika, kātahi ka whakamahanatia ki roto i tētahi paraharaha nui i runga i te wera iti-waenganui, me te whakaoho tonu. Ka puta he miro māmā ake, he iti ake te hinuhinu i tēnei tikanga, engari me roa te wā me te kaha ki te whakaoho.
2. Te parai
Ka whakamahia he hinu hei āwhina i te whakawhanake i te tae me te kakara. Kia maoa, me tātari te mīti kua haehaea, ā, me pēhi, me huri rānei ki te porotītaha hei tango i te hinu. Mēnā ka toe te hinu nui, ka tere te pirau o te kai.
3. Whakamaroke oumu, whakamaroke kāpata rānei
He pai mō te hanga e aro nui ana ki te ōritetanga, te whakahaere i te akuaku, me te whai huatanga. Ko te pāmahana whakamaroke i te nuinga o te wā kei waenga i te 60–80°C tae noa ki te hekenga o te makuku. I muri i te whakamaroke i roto i te oumu, ka taea te tunu poto hei whakarei ake i te kakara.
I roto i ngā ahumahi iti-waenga, he maha ngā tikanga e whakamahia ana: te tunu i ngā mea kakara ki roto i te paraharaha, kātahi ka whakamarokehia ki roto i te oumu kia maroke pai ai.
f) Whakakore hinu
Ki te parai, me tātari te mīti kua haehaea mā te whakamahi i te mīhini hurihuri, te mīhini whakapūmau, te mīhini pēhi rānei. He mea nui tēnei mahi hei whakaroa i tōna oranga me te pupuri i te kakano maroke.
g) Te whakamatao me te whakarōpūtanga
I mua i te tākai, me whakamatao te mīti tapatapahi ki te pāmahana rūma hei ārai i te haukū i roto i te tākai (ka puta ai te harore). Ka whakahaerehia te whakarōpūtanga hei whakarite kia kore he wheua, he tuaiwi rānei e toe ana, me te tango i ngā wāhanga kua wera rawa, kua purupuru rānei.
h) Te tākai me te tapanga
Me tiaki e ngā takai pai te hau, te mamaoa wai, me te mārama. Ko ngā kōwhiringa noa ko te kirihou paparua (hei tauira, he huinga o te PET/Alu/PE) he putea tū rānei me te reti hei whakamahi mā te kaihoko. Hei whakaroa i te roa o te wā e mau ana, ka taea te whakamahi i te takai korehau, te tāpiri rānei i te ngongo hāora. Me whakauru ki te tapanga te hanganga, te taumaha kupenga, ngā rā whakaputa me ngā rā paunga, te nama whakaaetanga tohatoha (mēnā e tika ana), me ngā mōhiohio a te kaihanga.
4. Te whakahaere kounga me te haumaru kai
Ko te kounga o te mīti tapatapahi ka whakatauhia e ngā tawhā ā-tinana, ā-matū, ā-moroiti hoki. Ko te iti o te makuku te mea nui; ko te mīti tapatapahi e mau tonu ana te makuku ka tūpono ki te tupu o te harore. Me whakahaere hoki te nui o te hinu nā te mea e pā ana ki te pirau. Ko ngā whakamātautau māmā e mahia ana e ngā rangatira pakihi ko te tirotiro i te kakara (mēnā kua tīmata te pirau), te kakano (mēnā kei te maroke tonu), me te tirotiro tirohanga (mēnā he harore, he puranga rānei).
Mai i te tirohanga haumaru kai, e tino taunakihia ana te whakatinanatanga o ngā Tikanga Hanga Pai (GMP) me ngā Tikanga Whakahaere Paerewa Hauora (SSOP): te horoi o ngā taputapu, te kounga o te wai, te akuaku o ngā kaimahi, te wehewehe i ngā wāhi ma me ngā wāhi paru, me te whakahaere i ngā pepeke. Me tutuki te whakamahinga o ngā tāpiringa ki ngā ture. Mena ka whakamahia he matū tiaki kai, me whakarite kia ture te momo me te horopeta, ā, kia whakahuatia hoki i runga i te tapanga.
5. Hangarau tika mō te tauine MSME
Ka taea e ngā pakihi me ngā pakihi iti (SME) te whakanui ake i te kaha me te pumau o ngā hua mā te hangarau tika, pēnei i:
– He nui te kaha o te kōhua, ā, he pai mō te tunu kai tuatahi.
– Mīhini haehae hei tere ake i te haehae.
– He oumu whakaranu hei whakarite kia maoa ōrite ngā mea kakara, kia kore ai e wera wawe.
– He mīhini hurihuri hinu hei whakaiti i te nui o te hinu.
– Te whakamaroke i te oumu hei pupuri i ngā paerewa maroke.
– He hiri me he hiri korehau hei pupuri i te roa o te takai.
Ko te haumi āta ki ēnei taputapu ka pā wawe ki te hua, te pumau o te reka, me te roa o te rokiroki.
6. Ngā whai wāhitanga auaha me te whakawhanaketanga hua
Kei te whakatenatenahia e ngā au kai o nāianei te kanorau o ngā miro ika: ngā momo momo kakara (ngā taumata), te miro me ngā mea kakara ā-rohe, te miro iti-hinu, me te miro ika kounga teitei i hangaia mai i te tuna, i te hāmana rānei. Ka taea hoki te whakatutuki i te auahatanga mā te whakapakari (hei tauira, te tāpiri i te nui o te paura rau moringa), te whakawhanake i ngā takai iti, kua rite ki te hora, me te hokohoko matihiko e aro ana ki ngā kaihoko o te tāone.
Haunga te mākete kāinga, ka taea te whakauru atu ki ngā wāhanga kai, tina kura, me ngā kai ohorere nā te mea he whai hua me te roa o te wā e rongoa ai. Mā ngā tukanga me ngā takai kua whakaritea, ka taea e te hua te whakataetae i roto i ngā mākete hokohoko hou me ngā mākete kaweake.
Te Katinga
Ko te hangarau hanga miro ika he raupapa tukanga e hiahia ana kia tika i ia wāhanga, inā koa te whiriwhiri i ngā ika hou, te tunu kai mā, te whakamaroke kia iti te makuku, me te takai ā-hau. Mā te whakamahi i te hangarau tika me te whakahaere kounga matatau, ka taea e te miro ika te noho hei hua nui-tāpiri, ka whakawhānui ake i ngā painga ōhanga mō ngā kaihao ika me ngā pakihi iti me ngā pakihi iti, ā, ka whakarato i tētahi kai whai hua e pai ana ki te tini o ngā rōpū. Ki te whakahaeretia tonutia, ehara i te mea he kai tuku iho noa te miro ika, engari he taonga hī ika tukatuka me te kaha whakataetae i roto i te mākete hou.
