Te Whakahaere Kounga Wai i roto i ngā Puna Ika: He Aratohu Whai Hua, Whai Hua hoki
Ko te pupuri i te kounga o te wai i roto i ngā roto ika tētahi o ngā kī ki te angitu mō ngā kaiwhakatipu ika me ngā kaiwhaiwhai e hiahia ana kia tupu pai, kia ora hoki ā rātou ika. Ka taea e te kounga iti o te wai te whakararu i ngā momo raruraru hauora o ngā ika, mai i te mate ki te mate. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka matapakihia e mātou me pēhea te whakahaere tika i te kounga o te wai i roto i ngā roto ika me ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki tēnei.
He aha te Hiranga o te Kounga Wai?
E noho ana ngā ika i roto i tō rātou ake taiao, arā, te wai. Ina ngoikore te kounga o te wai, ka kore e pai te āhua o ngā ika, ā, ka pāngia e te ahotea me te mate. Hei tāpiri, mā te kounga o te wai kāore e whakahaeretia ka nui rawa te tipu o ngā kitakita me ngā rimurimu, ka puta he kakara kino, ā, ka mutu, ka whakararuraru i te pūnaha rauropi o te roto.
Mā te kounga pai o te wai ka tino pai te tipu o ngā ika, ka whakaiti i te mate, ka whakapiki i te whai huatanga o te whāngai. Nō reira, he mea nui te whakahaere i te kounga o te wai i roto i te mahi pāmu ika.
Ngā Take e Whakatau ana i te Kounga o te Wai
1. pH (Te Taumata o te Waikawa)
– Ko te pH tino pai mō te nuinga o ngā ika kei waenga i te 6,5 ki te 8,5. Mēnā he nui rawa te pH (kawakore) he iti rawa rānei (waikawa), ka pāngia ngā ika e te ahotea me te whara. He mea nui te aroturuki i te pH i ia wā kia mau tonu ai te pumau o te wai.
2. Te pāmahana
– Ko te pāmahana wai tino pai e whakawhirinaki ana ki te momo ika e whakatipuria ana. Hei tauira, ko ngā ika toropika pērā i te guppy me te mollie me whai pāmahana i waenga i te 24-28°C, ko te ika koura me te koi ia me whai pāmahana mātao ake. Ka pāngia te pākia o te pūnaha io me te pūnaha ārai mate e ngā pāmahana kore e tika ana.
3. Te Ihirangi Hāora Whakarewa
– He mea nui te hāora mō te oranga o ngā ika. Me pupuri tonu te hāora rewa i roto i te wai ki ngā taumata e tika ana, neke atu i te 5 mg/L te nuinga. Ka heke pea ngā taumata hāora nā te nui rawa o ngā taonga, te koretake o te whakawhiti wai, te kohikohi rānei o ngā mea rauropi.
4. Haukini, Nitrite, me te Nitrate
– He tino paitini te haukini me te nitrite ki ngā ika, engari he pumau ake te nitrate engari ka kino pea mēnā he nui ngā kukū. Ka puta te haukini i ngā toenga kai, i ngā paru ika, me ngā mea pirau. Me whai pūnaha tātari koiora pai hei wawahi i te haukini ki te nitrite, ā, hei nitrate anō hoki.
5. Te Pakeke o te Wai
– Ka inehia te pakeketanga o te wai mā te nui o ngā kohuke pēnei i te konupūmā me te konupora. Ko te pakeketanga pai o te wai e whakawhirinaki ana ki te momo ika, engari ko te tikanga kei waenga i te 50-150 mg/L o te konupūmā kāponāte (CaCO3). Mēnā he iti rawa, he teitei rawa rānei te pakeketanga o te wai, ka taea te whakararuraru i te pākia o te ika.
Me pēhea te whakahaere i te kounga o te wai i roto i ngā puna ika
1. Pūnaha Tātari Whai Hua
He tukanga matua te tātari, e toru ngā wāhanga:
– Tātari Ā-ringa
Ka tango i ngā matūriki ā-tinana pērā i te toenga kai, te paru ika, me te puehu i te wai. Ko ngā tātari ā-ringa ka uru atu ki ngā tātari hautai, ngā tātari kirikiri raro, ngā tātari ipu rānei.
– Tātari Koiora
Te whakamahi i ngā huakita whai hua hei huri i te haukini ki te nitrite, ā, hei nitrate. Ka whakamahia ngā pāpāho koiora pēnei i ngā pōro koiora, ngā mowhiti uku rānei hei tautoko i ēnei koroni huakita.
– Tātari Matū
Te whakamahi i ngā matū, i ngā pāpāho motuhake rānei pērā i te waro whakahohe hei tango i ngā matū kino me te pupuri i te māramatanga o te wai.
2. Te whakawhiti wai auau
He mea nui te whakakapi i ētahi o ngā wai o te puna ki te wai ma i ia wā, hei whakaiti i te kohikohinga o ngā matū kino. I te nuinga o te wā, me whakakapi te 10-20% o te wai o te puna i ia wiki, i runga i te mātotoru o ngā ika me te kounga o te wai.
3. Te Whakamahinga o te Pūwero
Ka āwhina ngā pūwero hau ki te whakanui ake i ngā taumata hāora rewa i roto i te wai. Ka taea te whakatutuki i te whakapūnga pai mā te whakamahi i te papu hau, i ngā kōhatu hau, i te pūnaha venturi rānei. I roto i ngā roto nui, ka taea e ngā rerenga wai, ngā puna rānei te whakamahi hei pūtake whakapūnga whai hua.
4. Mana Whakamārama
Ka taea e te nui rawa o te rā te arahi ki te tipu o te rimurimu kāore e taea te whakahaere. Ka taea e te rimurimu te whakaiti i te hāora i te pō, ka huri ai te wai hei kakariki. Ka taea e te tāuta i tētahi tātari UV, te whakahaere rānei i te atarangi te āwhina i te whakahaere i te tipu o te rimurimu.
5. Te Aroturuki me te Whakamātautau i te Kounga Wai
He mea nui te aroturuki auau mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu pēnei i ngā mita pH, ngā mita hāora, me ngā kete whakamātautau matū. Mā tēnei ka āwhina i a koe ki te tautuhi me te whakatika i ngā raruraru i mua i te kino haere.
6. Whakahaere Whāngai
Ko ngā toenga kai kāore i kainga he pūtake nui o ngā matū paitini pērā i te haukini. Nō reira, me whakarato he kai e ranea ana, ā, me whakarite kia pau katoa ngā kai i roto i te 5 meneti i muri i ia whāngai.
Whakamutunga
He mahi tonu te whakahaere i te kounga o te wai i roto i te puna ika, ā, me aro nui ki ngā taipitopito. Mā te whakarite kei roto i ngā awhe haumaru ngā tawhā matua pēnei i te pH, te pāmahana, te hāora rewa, me ngā taumata haukini, nitrite, me te nitrate, ka taea e koe te waihanga i tētahi taiao hauora mō āu ika. Mā te whakamahi i tētahi pūnaha tātari whai hua, te whakawhiti wai auau, me te aroturuki i te kounga wai auau ka ārai i ngā raruraru maha e pā ana ki te kounga wai ngoikore.
Mā te whakahaere pai i te kounga o te wai, e kore e kite noa koe i ngā whakapainga o te hauora me te tipu o āu ika, engari ka nui ake te angitu me te pumau o tō mahi whakangahau, o tō pakihi ahuwhenua ika rānei.
