Me pēhea te whakatika i ngā rama ngoikore
He maha ngā wā e kiia ana he raruraru noa iho ngā rama ngoikore, engari he tohu pea ēnei mō tētahi raruraru ki te pūnaha hiko, ki ngā wāhanga rama, ki te tāutanga rānei o te whare. Haunga te whakararuraru i te rūma, ka taea e ngā rama ngoikore te whakapoto i te roa o te ora o te pūrama, te kino i ngā taputapu hiko, me te whakanui ake i te tūponotanga o ngā ara iahiko poto mēnā he hononga ngoikore, he waea hē rānei te take. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga me pēhea te whakatika i ngā rama ngoikore i ia taahiraa, mai i ngā take māmā rawa, ka mutu ki ngā tohu o te kino e hiahia ana ki te āwhina a te tohunga hangarau.
1. Kia mōhio ki ngā tohu o ngā rama ngoikore
I mua i te wetewete, te whakakapi rānei i tētahi mea, kia aro ki te āhua o te memeha haere o te rama. Kua memeha haere tonu mai i tōna wā i tahurihia ai? He wā motuhake anake e memeha haere ana? Kei te haere tahi te memeha me te kimo? Kotahi anake te rama e pā ana ki te raruraru, kei te pā rānei ki te rūma katoa, ki te whare katoa rānei? Mā te whakautu i ēnei pātai ka āwhina i te whakawhāiti i te take.
– Ko te whakaiti i te kanapa o tētahi rama kotahi e pā ana ki te pūangi, te hononga, te pana, te waea rānei ki te pūwāhi rama.
– Mā te whakaiti i te mārama o ētahi rama i te wā kotahi e tohu ana i tētahi raruraru kei te ara iahiko hiko o te rūma, te papa MCB, te pūngao PLN rānei.
– Ka puta te whakaiti i te mārama ina whakamahia ētahi taputapu hiko (hei tauira, te hauhautanga, te papu wai, te pouaka whakamātao) nā te mea ka heke te ngaohiko mō te wā poto nā te nui o te kawenga hiko, kāore rānei i te taurite te tāutanga.
2. Kia tika te mana me te momo rama.
Ko te hapa tino kitea ko te whakamahi i te rama kāore e ōrite ki ngā whakaritenga o te anga hiko, o te pūtake hiko rānei.
1. Tirohia te momo pūangi: rama LED, rama CFL, rama incandescent rānei. Ko ngā rama LED te mea tino tairongo ki te kounga o te taraiwa me te ngaohiko.
2. Tirohia te wattage me ngā lumens: Ko te rama e ahua "pango" ana, tera pea nā te iti rawa o ngā lumens. He maha ngā tāngata e whakakapi ana i ngā pūrama incandescent 60W ki ngā LED 5W, ā, he iti rawa ngā lumens mō te rūma. Hei tauira, ko te LED 9–12W he rite te kanapa ki te incandescent 60W (i runga i te waitohu).
3. Tirohia te ngaohiko whakahaere: Ko ētahi rama LED iti te utu he iti ake te pumau i ngā ngaohiko iti. Me whakarite kei te rama te tapanga 220–240V, ā, he pai hoki te taraiwa.
Mena kua ea te raruraru i muri i te whakakapinga o te pūangi ki te momo tika me ngā lumens, ehara te take i te tāutanga, engari ko te whiriwhiringa o te rama.
3. Whakamātauria te pūangi mā te neke ki tētahi atu pūwāhi.
Ngā mahi māmā engari whai hua:
– Tangohia te pūangi i te wāhi pōuriuri.
– Tāutahia te pūrama ki tētahi atu pūwāhi rama noa.
– Tāutahia tētahi atu pūangi noa ki te wāhi i memenge i mua.
Te whakamārama i ngā hua:
– Ki te noho pōuriuri tonu te pūangi i ētahi atu wāhi, kua hē te pūangi (kua pakaru te taraiwa LED, kua tawhito te whēru, kua ngoikore rānei ngā wāhanga o roto).
– Mena ka memeha haere te rama whakakapinga i taua wāhi anō, ko te raruraru kei te hononga, te pana, te waea hiko, te hiko hiko rānei ki taua wāhi.
4. Tirohia ngā hononga rama me ngā hononga korekore.
Ka taea e ngā hononga (kaipupuri) e kore e waikura, e waikura rānei te whakararu i te ātete, ā, kāore e rere pai te ia. Nā reira, ka ngoikore ngā rama, ā, i ētahi wā ka wera.
Ngā mahi haumaru:
1. Whakawetohia te pana, ā, ko te mea pai me whakaheke te MCB mō te raina rama.
2. Tirohia te taha o roto o te hononga mēnā he waikura, he tohu wera, he kirihou rewa, he hononga parahi wetekina rānei.
3. Horoia te waikura iti ki te horoi whakapā (mēnā e wātea ana) ki te pepa kirikiri rānei. Heoi, ki te āhua kua wera, kua rewa rānei, whakakapia te hononga.
Ko ngā tohu o tētahi hononga raruraru ko: ngā rama ngoikore, he kanapa i ētahi wā, he ngoikore i ētahi wā, he haunga mura rānei.
5. Tirohia ngā pana, inā koa ngā mea tawhito.
Ka taea e te pana kua tawhito, kua paru rānei i roto te whakanui ake i te ātete hiko. I ētahi wā ka mahana te pana ina whakamahia, me pēhi kaha rānei kia kā te rama.
Me pēhea te tirotiro:
– Ki te taea, ngana ki te whakakapi i te pana ki tētahi atu waeine hou, ki te whakawhiti rānei mō tētahi wā poto ki tētahi atu pana i tētahi atu wāhi.
– Ki te wera te pana, ki te tangi "pakū", ki te mura rānei ngā mura iti, me whakakapi tonu nā te mea he mōrearea.
6. Kia tino mohio kāore he raruraru ki te dimmer, ki te pana atamai rānei.
Kāore ngā rama LED e hototahi ana i ngā wā katoa ki ngā dimmer. Ki te whakamahi koe i te dimmer engari kāore te LED e taea te whakaiti, ko te hua he whakaiti tonu, he kimokimo, he kore rānei e tino kanapa.
Rongoā:
– Whakamahia ngā rama LED ka taea te whakaiti i te kanapa kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga mō te whakaiti i te kanapa.
– Mēnā kāore koe e hiahia ki tētahi tautuhinga kanapa, whakakapia te dimmer ki tētahi pana noa.
– Mō ngā pana atamai, tirohia mēnā e hiahiatia ana he "waea kūpapa" me te hototahi ki ngā kawenga rama LED iti.
7. Inehia te ngaohiko hiko o te whare (mēnā kei a koe te taputapu)
Mena he mita maha tāu, mā te ine i te ngaohiko ka taea te whakarato i tētahi whakautu tere. Ko te ngaohiko noa o te whare i Initonīhia he tata ki te 220V (ka taea te piki me te heke). Mena ka heke pinepine te ngaohiko (hei tauira, i raro i te ~200V) i te wā e kā ana te kawenga taumaha, tera pea ka ahua pōuri ngā rama.
Hipanga:
– Inehia te ngaohiko i te putanga hiko tata rawa atu i raro i ngā āhuatanga noa.
– Me ine anō ina āhua ngoikore ngā rama, ina rānei kei te kā te papu/hauātanga.
Mena he nui te hekenga, ko ngā take pea:
– He iti rawa te taura tāutanga mō te kawenga.
– He hononga koretake kei te raina matua (i te mita kWh, MCB, pouaka hononga rānei).
– He taimaha rawa te kawenga hiko mō te kaha o te hiko/tāuta.
Kia mahara: ki te kore koe e taunga ki te ine i te hiko, he pai ake te tono awhina i tetahi tohunga hangarau.
8. Tirohia te tohatoha kawenga me te ara taura
I ētahi kāinga, ka pāngia pea tētahi rīpene rama ina whakamahia he taputapu taumaha (papu wai, mīhini horoi, ngaruiti). Ka tupu pinepine tēnei mēnā:
– Ka honoa ngā aho rama me ngā aho tūāpapa ki te MCB kotahi, kāore he whakaritenga.
– Kāore i te pai te hononga "nyantol".
– Kua heke te kounga o te taura tawhito.
Otinga pai rawa atu:
– Wehea ngā aho rama me ngā aho tūhono i runga i te panera MCB.
– Whakamahia ngā rahi taura paerewa (hei tauira, 1,5 mm² mō ngā rama, 2,5 mm² mō ngā putanga hiko—whakarerekētia kia rite ki ngā paerewa me ngā whakaritenga kawenga).
– Whakapaipaihia ngā hononga o te pouaka hononga ki ngā hononga pai.
Ko te tikanga he kaimahi hiko e hiahiatia ana mō tēnei mahi nā te mea he mahi tātaki ki ngā panera me te kukume taura.
9. Kia aro ki ngā raruraru mai i te PLN, i te taiao rānei
I ētahi wā, ehara i te mea nā te whakaurunga o te whare te he o ngā rama ngoikore. I ētahi wāhi, ka heke te hiko o te PLN i ngā hāora pīki (pō) i te wā rānei e whakamahia ana ngā taputapu hiko o te nuinga o ngā whare.
Ngā tohu:
– I pāngia anō hoki ngā hoa noho e te taua mea.
– Ka puta te memeha i ngā wā ōrite i ia rā.
– I memeha haere ngā rama katoa o te whare i te wā kotahi.
Ngā otinga hei whakaaroaro:
– Me ripoata ki te PLN mēnā he tino nui, he rite tonu hoki te hekenga o te ngaohiko.
– Whakamahia ngā rama LED kounga teitei e ātete ana ki ngā piki me ngā heke.
– Mō ngā matea nui, whakaarohia he whakaū hiko, he UPS rānei mō ngā taputapu motuhake (kaua mō te whare katoa, ki te kore he nui te pūnaha).
10. Āhea te wā tika ki te waea atu ki tētahi tohunga hangarau?
Kati tonu te whakamahi, ka waea atu ki tētahi tohunga hangarau mēnā:
– He haunga waea e kā ana, he taputapu rewa rānei, he wera rānei ngā pakitara e karapoti ana i te pū rama.
– He maha ngā wā ka hinga te MCB i te wā e memeha haere ana ngā rama.
– Ngā rama ngoikore e haere tahi ana me ngā korakora i te pana, me te haruru rerekē rānei.
– Ka kitea e koe ngā hononga taura e kitea ana, e pakarukaru ana, e mangu ana rānei.
Kaua e whakaroahia ngā raruraru pēnei i te koretake o ngā hononga o ngā panera, ngā taura pakarukaru, ngā wāhanga wera rawa rānei, nā te mea kei tūpono te ahi.
Whakamutunga
Me mahi pūnaha te whakatika i ngā rama ngoikore: tīmata mā te whakakapi i te pūangi, te tirotiro i ngā hononga me ngā pana, te whakarite i te hototahi o te whakaiti rama, me te tirotiro i te ngaohiko me te kawenga i runga i te tāutanga. He maha ngā take ka whakatauhia mā ngā otinga ngāwari pēnei i te whakakapi i ngā pūangi LED kua pakaru, te whakakapi rānei i ngā hononga ngoikore. Heoi, ki te puta te ngoikore i ngā wāhi maha, me te wera, te haunga mura, te pakaru rānei o te ara iahiko, tera pea he nui ake te take, ā, me tirotirohia e te tohunga hangarau. Mā ngā mahi tika, ka hoki ngā rama ki te kanapa, ka haumaru ake te whakamahinga hiko, ā, ka roa ake te ora o ngā taputapu o te whare.
