Ngā Ariā Taketake o ngā Pūnaha Whakahinuhinu Mīhini Aunoa
Ko te pūnaha whakahinuhinu tētahi o ngā pūnaha tino nui o te miihini motuka. Ki te kore he whakahinuhinu tika, ka pāngia ngā wāhanga miihini e te waku nui, te pikinga o te pāmahana, te tere o te pakaru, tae atu ki te pakaru katoa, pērā i te hopu. Ehara i te mea ko te "whakapaheke noa i te miihini" te mahi whakahinuhinu, engari kei roto ko te raupapa o ngā mahi nui: te whakaiti i te waku, te whakamatao, te horoi, te aukati i te waikura, me te āwhina ki te pupuri i ngā hiri i ētahi wāhi. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ngā ariā taketake o ngā pūnaha whakahinuhinu miihini motuka, mai i ō rātou mātāpono mahi, ngā wāhanga matua, ngā momo pūnaha, tae atu ki te tiaki taketake.
1. Te Whakamāramatanga me te Kaupapa o te Pūnaha Whakahinuhinu
Ko te whakahinuhinu te tukanga o te paninga o te hinu i waenganui i ngā mata whakarewa e rua i roto i te nekehanga whanaunga. Ka hangaia e te paparanga hinu he kiriata e wehewehe ana i ngā mata, ka whakaiti i te pa o te whakarewa ki te whakarewa. I roto i te miihini tahunga ā-roto, ka tere te neke o ngā wāhanga pēnei i te porowhita, ngā peera, te porowhita kame, ngā piston, me ngā pakitara rango, ā, ka pāngia e ngā kawenga nui; nā ēnei āhuatanga ka tino hiahiatia te whakahinuhinu.
Ko ngā whāinga matua o te pūnaha whakahinuhinu ko:
1. Ka whakaiti i te waku me te pakaru mā te hanga i tētahi kiriata hinu.
2. Te whakamatao i ngā wāhanga mā te kawe i te wera mai i te wāhi waku ki te paraharaha hinu, mā roto rānei i te whakamatao hinu.
3. Ka horoi i te paru mā te kawe i ngā matūriki waku, te pungarehu, me ngā poke ki te tātari hinu.
4. Ārai i te waikura me te pirau nā te mea he paparanga tiaki kei roto i te hinu, ā, kei roto hoki ngā tāpiringa ārai-waikura.
5. Whakapai ake i te hiri, inā koa i te pakitara mowhiti piston–rango, hei āwhina i te pupuri i te pēhanga.
6. Ka whakaiti i te haruru me ngā wiri nā ngā tukinga moroiti i waenga i ngā wāhanga.
2. Te Kaupapa Taketake o te Whakahinuhinu: Kiriata Hinu
I roto i te ariā, ka mahi te whakahinuhinu mā te hanga i tētahi kiriata hinu i waenganui i ngā mata e rua. He maha ngā tikanga whakahinuhinu:
– Whakahinuhinu rohe: he kiriata hinu tino angiangi, e puta ana i te wā e tīmata makariri ana, i ngā kawenga nui rānei. He mahi nui tā ngā tāpiringa ārai-kakahu (hei tauira, ZDDP).
– Whakahinuhinu whakaranu: ko ētahi o te kawenga e tautokona ana e te kiriata hinu, ko ētahi he pa moroiti tonu.
– Whakahinuhinu waiora: he matotoru te kiriata hinu, ā, kua wehea rawatia ngā mata e te hinu. He maha ngā wā ka puta tēnei i roto i ngā peera porowhita ina rere tonu te mīhini.
– Elastohydrodynamic (EHL): he mea noa i roto i ngā hononga roera/taputapu, ka hangaia te kiriata e te pēhanga tino tiketike me te whakarerekētanga ngāwari o te mata.
I roto i ngā miihini, ko te whāinga kia mau tonu ngā āhuatanga tata-wai-whakahaere i roto i ngā peera me ngā wāhi waku nui. Heoi, i te wā e tīmata ana, e mutu ana hoki, kāore e taea te karo i te whakahinuhinu rohe. Nō reira, he mea nui te kounga o te hinu me te pūnaha tuku hinu.
3. Ngā Wāhanga Matua o te Pūnaha Whakahinuhinu Mīhini
Ahakoa he rerekē ngā hoahoa o te miihini, ko ngā wāhanga matua o te pūnaha whakahinuhinu ko:
a) Paraharaha Hinu (Ipu Hinu)
He puna wai te ipu hinu hei wāhi e kohia ai te hinu ina hoki mai i te rere. Koinei te wāhi e whakamataohia ai te hinu e te hau e karapoti ana i te pouaka whakakā. He iti noa iho ngā paru ka kohia e te ipu hinu.
b) Papu Hinu
Ko te mahi a te papu hinu he tuku i te hinu mai i te ipu hinu ki ngā wāhanga katoa o te miihini i runga i te pēhanga me te tere rere kua whakaritea. Ko ngā momo papu noa ko:
– Papu taputapu: māmā, kaha, e whakamahia whānuitia ana.
– Papu Trochoid/gerotor: he pai te mahi, he kiato hoki, he rongonui i ngā miihini hou.
Ko te tikanga ka peia te papu e te crankshaft, te mekameka taima, te pūnaha camshaft rānei.
c) Tātari Hinu (Tatari Hinu / Mata Piki)
He tātari matotoru kei runga i te paipa momi papu hei pupuri i ngā paru nunui (ngā maramara, ngā paru). He rerekē i te tātari hinu pai.
d) Tātari Hinu
Ka tangohia e ngā tātari hinu ngā matūriki angiangi i mua i te urunga o te hinu ki te raina matua. Ko ngā tātari hou he momo hurihuri, he momo kātere rānei. Kei roto i te tātari:
– Te takirere karo: ka tuwhera ina purua te tātari kia haere tonu te rere o te hinu (ahakoa kāore i tino tātarihia).
– He takirere ārai-tārewatanga (i ētahi hoahoa): ka ārai i te hinu kei maringi anō ina whakawetohia te mīhini, ka āwhina i te tere o te pikinga o te pēhanga hinu ina tīmata.
e) Takirere Whakaora Pēhanga
Ka ārai tēnei takirere i te pēhanga hinu kia kaua e tino teitei. Ina neke atu te pēhanga i te rohe, ka huaki te takirere ka whakahoki i ētahi o te rere ki te taha whakauru, ki te ipu hinu rānei.
f) Ngā Taiwhanga Hinu me ngā Hongere ā-Roto
Ko ngā taiwhanga hinu he "paipa" ā-roto i roto i te poraka miihini me te pane rango e tuku ana i te hinu pēhanga ki ngā peera matua, ngā peera tokotoko hono, te kaho kame, ngā ringa rōka, me ētahi tikanga wā.
g) Pūwhakamatao Hinu – kōwhiringa
I roto i ētahi waka (waka mahi nui, waka tīhiera, waka taumaha rānei), ka tohatohaina te hinu mā roto i tētahi pouaka whakamatao hinu hei āwhina i te pupuri i te matotoru me te pumau o te pāmahana.
h) Pūoko me te Tohu Pēhanga Hinu
Ka tukuna he tohu e te pūoko pēhanga hinu ki tētahi tohu kei runga i te papa taputapu. He mea nui te rama whakatūpato pēhanga hinu: ka kā ina heke te pēhanga ki raro i tētahi paepae haumaru.
4. Ngā Momo Pūnaha Whakahinuhinu
a) Pūnaha Puna Makuku
He mea tino kitea i roto i ngā motuka me ngā motopaika o ia rā. Ka rongoa te hinu ki roto i tētahi ipu hinu i raro i te mīhini, ā, ka tukuna mā te papu. Ko ngā painga he māmā noa iho, he iti hoki te utu. Ko te ngoikoretanga, i raro i ngā āhuatanga tino kino (ngā kokonga koi, ngā mahi taumaha i waho o te rori), ka kore e taea te whakamahi i te hinu mena kāore i te pai te hoahoa o te ipu hinu me te ārai.
b) Pūnaha Puna Maroke
Kāore te hinu e rongoatia ana i roto i te ipu hinu o te mīhini, engari i roto i tētahi tāke motuhake. Ka tangohia te hinu mai i te puna wai e te papu para ka tukuna ki te tāke, ā, ka tukuna te hinu ki te mīhini e te papu pēhanga. Ko ngā painga ko te whakahinuhinu pumau ake i raro i ngā āhuatanga tino kino, te kaha ki te whakairi i te mīhini ki raro (me te ipu hinu papaku), me te whakahaere pāmahana pai ake. He uaua ake, he utu nui ake hoki ngā ngoikoretanga.
5. Ara Whakawhitinga Hinu Whānui
Ko te rere hinu i runga i te mīhini puna mākū ko te tikanga whānui:
1. Ka mimitihia te hinu i roto i te paraharaha hinu mā te piki me te tātari.
2. Ka pēhi te papu hinu i te hinu ki te tātari.
3. Ka tomo te hinu kua tātarihia ki te taiwhanga matua.
4. Ka rere te hinu ki te whāriki matua o te porotiti, kātahi ka rere mā roto i te poka o roto o te porotiti ki te whāriki tokotoko piston.
5. Ka piki te hinu ki te pane rango hei whakahinuhinu i te camshaft, i ngā lifters, i ngā rockers, i ētahi atu tikanga takirere rānei.
6. Ka turuturu ētahi o te hinu ki ngā pakitara o te rango me te raro o te piston.
7. Ka hoki te hinu i te rārangi whakahoki ki te paraharaha hinu, me te kawe i te wera me te paru.
6. Hinu Mīhini: Te Matatini me ngā Tāpiringa
E rua ngā āhuatanga nui o te hinu miihini: te hinu turanga me ngā tāpiringa. Ko te matotoru te tohu o te "matotoru" o te hinu. Ko ngā paerewa SAE pēnei i te 0W-20, 5W-30, me te 10W-40 e tohu ana i ngā āhuatanga o te hinu i ngā pāmahana iti (te tau i mua i te W) me ngā pāmahana whakahaere (te tau i muri i te W). Ka taea e te hinu angiangi rawa te whakaiti i te matotoru o te kiriata, ko te hinu matotoru rawa ia ka taea te whakaroa i te rere o te hinu, inā koa i te wā e tīmata ana te waka i te makariri.
Ko ngā tāpiringa o ngā hinu hou:
– Hopi horoi me te whakarewa: ka pupuri i te paru kia marara kia kore ai e hanga paru.
– Ārai-kakahu: ka tiaki i te wā e whakahinuhinuhia ana te rohe.
– Ārai-hāora: ka ārai i te tere o te waikura o te hinu i ngā pāmahana tiketike.
– Whakarerekētanga waku: ka whakaitihia te waku kia pai ai te whai hua.
– Ārai-huka: ka whakaiti i te hanganga o te pahuka ka taea te whakararuraru i te pēhanga.
– He aukati waikura me te whakaiti i te ira ringihanga.
7. Ngā Raru Noa i roto i te Pūnaha Whakahinuhinu
Ētahi raruraru noa:
– Te iti o te pēhanga hinu: ka puta pea i te korenga o te hinu, te papu kua tawhito, te whāriki ngoikore, te turuturu o roto, te tātari kua purua rānei.
– Ngā turuturu hinu: mai i te gasket o te ipu hinu, te hiri o te porowhita, te tātari koretake, te taupoki whakakī rānei.
– Ka tere te paru o te hinu/ka puta he paru: he roa rawa ngā wā whakawhiti, he wera rawa te miihini, he kore rānei e tika te kounga o te hinu.
– Hinu pahuka: he teitei rawa te taumata hinu, kāore e tika ana te hinu, kua uru mai rānei te hau ki roto i te pūnaha.
Ko ētahi o ngā tohu hei tūpato ko te rama pēhanga hinu e kā ana, te haruru/patupatu pakari o te mīhini, te pāmahana e piki haere ana, me te nui rawa o te hinu e pau ana.
8. Te Tiaki Taketake o te Pūnaha Whakahinuhinu
Ko te maimoatanga tino whai hua me te tino māmā ko:
1. Tirohia te taumata hinu i ia wā mā te whakamahi i te rākau whakatō ina kei runga te waka i te mata papatahi.
2. Whakakapia te hinu kia rite ki ngā wā i whakaritea e te kaihanga (i runga i te maero, i te roa rānei o te haerenga).
3. Whakakapia te tātari hinu i ia wā ka whakawhiti hinu koe, i runga rānei i ngā taunakitanga.
4. Whakamahia ngā whakaritenga hinu kua tūtohutia (SAE me API/ACEA/ILSAC).
5. Tirohia mēnā he turuturu me te āhua o ngā hiri/gasket.
6. Āta karohia te huri tere i te mīhini ina kore anō kia tino pai te rere o te hinu, inā koa i te wā e tīmata makariri ana.
Te Katinga
Ko te ariā taketake o te pūnaha whakahinuhinu o te miihini motuka e aro ana ki te pupuri i te kiriata hinu pumau i waenga i ngā wāhanga e neke ana. Mā te tohanga hinu pēhanga, te tātari, te whakahaere pēhanga, me te whakahaere pāmahana, ka taea e te whakahinuhinu te mahi pai, pumau, me te haumaru o te miihini. Mā te mārama ki ngā wāhanga me ngā mātāpono whakahaere o te pūnaha whakahinuhinu ka āwhina i ngā kaiwhakamahi me ngā tohunga hangarau ki te tautuhi tere i ngā raruraru me te whakatau i te tiaki tika. Mā te hinu tika me te tiaki auau, ka taea te whakaiti i te mōrearea o te pakaru wawe me te kino nui o te miihini.
