Te Mātāpono Mahi o te Mīhini Penehīni i roto i te Hangarau Aunoa Taketake
Ko te miihini mura (mīhini penehīni) he momo miihini mura ā-roto e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā waka māmā pēnei i ngā motopaika me ngā motuka pāhihi. I roto i te hangarau motuka taketake, ko te mārama ki ngā mātāpono whakahaere o te miihini penehīni he tūāpapa nui i mua i te ruku ki ngā pūnaha uaua ake pēnei i te werohanga wahie hiko, te whakahaere tukunga, te tātaritanga hapa rānei. E matapakihia ana i roto i tēnei tuhinga ngā ariā matua o te miihini penehīni, tōna huringa whakahaere, ngā wāhanga matua, me ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki tōna pai me te mahi.
Te Mārama me ngā Ariā Taketake o ngā Mīhini Penehīni
Ko te mahi a ngā miihini penehīni mā te huri i te pūngao matū o te wahie penehīni hei pūngao wera mā te tahunga, kātahi ka huri i tēnei pūngao hei pūngao miihini i roto i te āhua o te hurihanga o te toki porowhita. Kātahi ka tukuna tēnei hurihanga ki te tuku hiko me ngā wira o te waka.
Ko tētahi āhuatanga motuhake o te mīhini penehīni ko tana whakakā i te ranunga hau-wahie mā te whakamahi i te mura mai i te mono mura. Nō reira, he maha ngā wā ka kiia ngā mīhini penehīni he mīhini mura-mura. Kāore i rite ki ngā mīhini tīhiera, e mura ana nā te pēhanga teitei, me whai pūnaha mura ngā mīhini penehīni hei whakaputa i te mura.
I roto i ngā mahi motuka taketake, e rua ngā momo huringa o ngā miihini penehīni: ngā miihini 4-whiu (4-whiu) me ngā miihini 2-whiu (2-whiu). I tēnei wā, ko ngā miihini 4-whiu te mea nui ake nā te mea he pai ake te mahi, he iti ake hoki ngā tukunga, ko ngā miihini 2-whiu ia he māmā ake engari he maumau, he nui ake te poke.
Ngā Wāhanga Matua o te Mīhini Penehīni
Hei mārama ki te kaupapa mahi, me mōhio tātou ki ngā wāhanga matua e whai wāhi tika ana ki te huringa tahunga:
1. Te rango me te piston: te wāhi e puta ai ngā tukanga kōpeketanga me te tahunga. Ka neke te piston ki runga, ki raro i roto i te rango.
2. Tokotoko honohono (tokotoko piston): e hono ana i te piston ki te poro crankshaft.
3. Porowhita: ka huri i te nekehanga o runga ki raro o te piston hei nekehanga hurihuri.
4. Pane rango: te wāhi o te rūma mura, te takirere whakauru, te takirere whakaputa hau, te mono mura, me te paipa whakauru/whakaputa hau.
5. Ngā takirere whakauru me ngā takirere whakaputanga: hei whakahaere i te rere o te ranunga hau-wahie me ngā hau whakaputanga mura.
6. Camshaft (camshaft): e whakahaere tika ana i ngā wā whakatuwheratanga me ngā wā kati o te takirere mā te tikanga wā.
7. Pūnaha wahie: he karāhe, he werohanga rānei, he mahi hei hanga i te ranunga o te hau me te penehīni.
8. Pūnaha mura: ka whakaputa i te ngaohiko teitei hei whakakā i te mono mura.
9. Pūnaha whakahinuhinu: ka whakaiti i te waku me te whakamatao i ngā wāhanga.
10. Pūnaha whakamatao: ka pupuri i te pāmahana mahi a te miihini kia pumau.
Ka mahi tahi ēnei wāhanga katoa. Mēnā ka hē tetahi o aua wāhanga, ka taea e ia te whakaiti i te mahi, te whakanui ake i te whakapaunga wahie, te whakararuraru rānei i te kino.
Te Mahi a te Mīhini Penehīni 4-Whā
Ka oti i te mīhini penehīni 4-whiu te huringa mahi kotahi i roto i ngā whiu piston e whā me ngā hurihanga porowhita e rua. Ko ēnei whiu e whā:
1. Whiu Whakauru
Ka neke te piston mai i te Pokapū Mate Runga (TDC) ki te Pokapū Mate Raro (BDC). I tēnei wā, ka tuwhera te takirere whakauru, ā, ka kati te takirere whakaputa hau. Mā te nekehanga o te piston ka whakaheke i te pēhanga i roto i te rango, ka taea ai te ranunga hau-wahie te tomo ki te rūma rango mā te pūwhakauru.
I roto i ngā miihini hou e werohia ana te wahie, ka tomo te hau mā te tinana whakatere, ko te penehīni ia ka rehuhia e ngā werohanga e ai ki ngā tohutohu a te ECU. I roto i ngā miihini carburetor, ka hangaia te ranunga e ngā rerekētanga pēhanga (te pānga venturi).
2. Whiu Kōpeketanga
Ka neke ake te piston mai i te BDC ki te TDC. Kua kati pūmau ngā takirere whakauru me ngā takirere whakaputa. Ka pēhia te ranunga hau-wahie, ka piki ake te pāmahana me te pēhanga. He mea nui te pēhanga nā te mea ka nui ake te kaha o te mura o te ranunga pēhia ina tahuna.
I te mutunga o te whiu kōpeketanga, i mua tata tonu i te taenga o te piston ki te TDC, ka mura te mono mura. Ka kiia tēnei wā ko te wā mura, ā, he nui tōna pānga ki te mana me te pai o te miihini.
3. Te Whakawhānuitanga o te Mana/Te Whakawhānuitanga
I muri i te mura o te puru mura, ka mura tere te ranunga hau-wahie, ka puta he pēhanga teitei. Mā tēnei pēhanga ka panaia te piston ki raro mai i te TDC ki te BDC. Koinei te whiu e puta ai te mana tuatahi. Ka tukuna te nekehanga o te piston e te tokotoko hono ki te poro crankshaft.
I tēnei wā, me whakahaere te mura pai rawa atu. Mēnā he tere rawa te mura, ā, he rerekē rawa, ka pā te patuki, he mea morearea tēnei mō te mīhini.
4. Te Whiu Pūngao
Ka neke ake te piston mai i te BDC ki te TDC. Ka tuwhera te takirere putanga i te wā e kati ana te takirere whakauru. Ka panaia ngā hau putanga ki roto i te pūnaha putanga me te pūnaha putanga. I muri i te tukunga o ngā hau, ka hoki te huringa ki te whiu whakauru.
I roto i te mīhini tūturu, he kupu e kīia ana ko te taupatupatu o te takirere, ka puta ina tīmata te whakatuwheratanga o te takirere whakauru i te mea kāore anō kia kati katoa te takirere whakaputa. Ka āwhina te taupatupatu ki te tango i ngā hau toenga, ā, ka whakanui ake i te pai o te rōrahi i tētahi rpm kua whakaritea.
Te Mahi a te Mīhini Penehīni 2-Whā (He Tirohanga Poto)
Ka oti i te mīhini 2-whiu te huringa kotahi i roto i ngā whiu piston e rua me te hurihanga porowhita kotahi. Ka taupatupatu ngā tukanga whakauru, kōpeketanga, mana, me te whakaputanga hau, ā, ko te tikanga he whakamahi i ngā putanga i roto i te pakitara rango hei utu mō ngā takirere pērā i te mīhini 4-whiu.
Ngā painga: he ngāwari te hanganga, ā, he nui te mana e puta mai ana i ia nekehanga. Ngā ngoikoretanga: he maha ngā wā e whakaranua ai te hinu ki te wahie, he iti ake te tahunga ma, he nui ake te whakapaunga wahie, ā, he nui ake ngā tukunga. Nā te āwangawanga mō ngā tukunga, kua piki haere te onge o ngā miihini rua-whiu i roto i ngā waka hou.
Ngā Take e Pā Ana ki te Mahi a te Mīhini Penehīni
I roto i te hangarau motuka taketake, ko ētahi o ngā mea nui e whakatau ana i te mahi me te whai huatanga o te miihini penehīni ko:
1. Tauwehenga kōpeketanga
Ko te tikanga ka pai ake te pai o te wera o ngā ōwehenga kōpeketanga teitei ake, engari ka pā te patoto mena kāore i te tika te octane o te penehīni.
2. Te kounga o te ranunga hau-wahie (AFR)
Ko te ranunga tino pai (stoichiometric) mō te penehīni he tata ki te 14,7:1 (hau:wahie). He moumou, he auahi hoki te ranunga momona rawa, engari ko te kikokore rawa ka wera rawa te miihini, ka ngaro te mana.
3. Te wā mura
Mā te mura wawe rawa, mā te whakakā rānei i muri rawa ka whakaiti i te mana, ka whakapiki hoki i te whakapaunga wahie. Mā ngā miihini hou tēnei e whakahaere mā te hiko.
4. Te āhua o te pūnaha mura
Ka taea e ngā mono mura kua tawhito, ngā koiri ngoikore, ngā waea hē rānei te whakararu i te ahi, te pikinga o te whakapaunga wahie, me te iti o ngā tukunga.
5. Te āhua o te mīhini
Mā te iti o te kōpeketanga o te rango nā te pakaru o ngā mowhiti piston, ngā turuturu rānei o ngā takirere ka ngoikore te mana, ā, ka uaua ki te tīmata.
6. Pūnaha whakamatao me te whakahinuhinu
Ka taea e te wera rawa te kino o ngā wāhanga, engari ka tere ake te pakaru o te hinu ngoikore.
Whakamutunga
Ko te kaupapa mahi o te miihini penehīni ko te tukanga o te ngongo i te ranunga hau-wahie, te pēhi, te whakakā ki te mono mura hei whakaputa hiko, kātahi ka panaia ngā hau mura e toe ana. I roto i te miihini penehīni 4-whiu, ka puta tēnei huringa mā roto i ngā whiu piston e whā e whai ake nei: te whakaurunga, te pēhi, te hiko, me te putanga. He tino āwhina te mārama ki ngā wāhanga matua, te raupapa huringa, me ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te mura ki te ako i ngā tikanga taketake o te motuka—ahakoa mō te tiaki auau, te whakatikatika, te rapurongoā rānei.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te tāpiri i tētahi whakaahua māmā o te huringa 4-whiu, he ripanga whakatairite o ngā miihini 2-whiu me ngā miihini 4-whiu, he whakarāpopototanga matā rānei o ngā rauemi ako.
