Ngā Kaupapa Taketake o te Pūnaha Whakatārewatanga Waka Mama mō te Hunga Tīmata
Ko te pūnaha whakatārewatanga tētahi o ngā wāhanga tino nui o ngā waka māmā pērā i ngā waka pāhihi, ngā pahi iti, ngā waka arumoni māmā rānei. Ahakoa he maha ngā wā "kāore e kitea" nā tōna tūranga i raro i te tinana, he mea nui te whakatārewatanga ki te whakamarie, te pumau, te haumaru, tae atu ki te roa o te ora o ētahi atu wāhanga. Mō ngā tīmatanga, mā te mārama ki ngā kaupapa taketake o te whakatārewatanga ka āwhina i te tautuhi i ngā tohu o te kino, te whiriwhiri i te tiaki tika, me te mārama he aha te ahua ngohengohe, te pakeke, te kore pumau, te pumau rānei o te waka i te wā e taraiwa ana.
1. He aha te Whakatārewatanga, ā, he aha te hiranga?
He whakarāpopototanga, ko te whakatārewatanga te pūnaha e hono ana i ngā wira ki te anga/tinana o te waka . Ina haere ngā wira i runga i ngā pūkepuke, i ngā poka, i ngā pūkepuke tere rānei, ka mimiti te whakatārewatanga i ngā ru, kia kore ai e tukuna tika ki te kāpini. Heoi, he nui atu i te whakamarie tana mahi. Ka pupuri hoki te whakatārewatanga i te pa o ngā potae ki te mata o te rori (te pupuri i te rori) kia pai ai te aukati me te whakahaere.
Ki te kore he whakatārewatanga tika, ka ngāwari te pekepeke o te waka, ka ngaro te kaha o te nekenekehanga, ā, ka tere ake te pakaru o te potae me te raro o te waka. Nō reira, ka taea te whakaaro ko te whakatārewatanga he huinga o te "ārai ru" me te "whakaū" o te waka.
2. Te Mahi Matua o te Pūnaha Whakatārewatanga
Ko ngā mahi matua o te whakatārewatanga i runga i ngā waka māmā e whai ake nei:
1. Ka mimiti i ngā wiri me ngā ru
Ina pā ngā wira ki tētahi āhua hē o te rori, ka whakaitihia e te whakatārewatanga te pūngao pānga e uru ana ki te tinana o te waka.
2. Kia mau tonu te pā o te potae ki te rori
Ka pai ake te takahanga o te potae, ka pai ake te kukume, te aukati me te pumau.
3. Tautokohia te kawenga o te waka
Ka tautoko te whakatārewatanga i te taumaha o te waka, o ngā pāhihi me ngā taonga, me te pupuri tonu i te teitei o te waka.
4. Te whakahaere i ngā nekehanga o te tinana
I te wā e whakateretere ana, e aukati ana, e koki ana rānei, ka piko, ka hurihuri, ka peke rānei te tinana. Mā te whakatārewatanga e whakahaere ēnei nekehanga kia mau tonu ai te pumau o te waka.
3. Ngā Wāhanga Matua o te Whakatārewatanga
Mō ngā tīmatanga, ka taea te whakarōpū i ngā wāhanga whakatārewatanga ki ētahi wāhanga nui:
a) Koanga
Ka tautokohia e ngā puna te taumaha o te waka, ā, ka taea e ngā wira te neke ake, te heke iho hoki i runga i te whai i ngā āhua o te rori. Ko ngā momo puna noa ko:
– Puna koiri (puna porowhita): E whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā motuka pāhihi nā te mea he whakamarie, he tere hoki te urupare.
– Ngā puna rau: He mea noa i runga i ngā waka arumoni māmā nā te mea he kaha ki te tu atu i ngā kawenga, ā, he māmā noa iho.
– Pae hurihuri: He tokotoko e mahi ana mā te takahuri hei tautoko i tētahi kawenga, e whakamahia ana i roto i ētahi tauira waka.
b) Ārai Ru (Whakamarumaru)
Kāore ngā ātete ru e tautoko i te kawenga matua, engari e whakahaere ana i te pūnga o te puna. Ki te kore he ātete ru, ka pekepeke tonu te waka i muri i te whiti i ngā pūkepuke. Ka hurihia e ngā ātete ru te pūngao nekeneke hei wera mā te rere o te hinu (te hinu-hau rānei) i roto i te ngongo.
Ngā momo ārai ru:
– Waipēhi (hinu)
– Hau (hau-hinu): He kaha ake te ātete ki ngā tohu o te "ngaro o te ru" i te wā e mahi taumaha ana.
c) Pae Whakau (Pae Ārai-hurihuri)
Ka āwhina te whakaū i te whakaiti i te hurihuri i te kokonga. Ka hono i te whakatārewatanga maui me te matau kia nui rawa ai te neke o tetahi taha ki runga, ki raro, ka "āraihia" e tetahi taha, kia noho rite tonu te tinana.
d) Ringa Piki me te Hononga (Ringa Whakahaere, Ringa Whai, Hononga)
Ko te ringa whakahaere me ngā hononga rerekē he hononga ā-ringa e whakahaere ana i te nekehanga o te wira e pā ana ki te tinana. Mā ēnei wāhanga e whakatau te āhua o te wira, ā, ka pā hoki ki te pumau.
e) Ngā Hononga Pōro me ngā Pūwero
– Mā ngā hononga pōro ka taea ngā nekehanga hurihuri me ngā nekehanga piupiu i ngā hononga whakatārewatanga (hei tauira, i ngā wira o mua).
– Ka whakaitihia ngā wiri e ngā pūwero (rapa) ā, ka ngāwari hoki ngā hononga. Mēnā ka tawhito ngā pūwero, ka puta he tangi "pāorooro" ā, ka ahua ngoikore te whakahaere.
4. Ngā Momo Whakatārewatanga o Mua i runga i ngā Waka Mama
a) Te Tūnga MacPherson
Ko te momo tino rongonui i roto i ngā waka pāhihi nā tōna hoahoa kiato me ngā utu whakaputa iti iho. Ko tōna wāhanga matua ka whakakotahi i te ātete ru me te pou ki roto i te wae kotahi. Ahakoa he penapena wāhi me te mama, i ētahi wā he iti ake te ngāwari i te pūnaha maha-hononga mō te mahi teitei.
b) Iwi Hiahia Takirua
E rua ngā ringa e whakamahia ana (runga me raro) e hanga ana i te āhua-A. Ko te painga he pai ake te whakahaere i te āhua o te wira ina mahi ana te whakatārewatanga, ka hua ake he pumau ina koki ana. Heoi, he uaua ake, ā, he nui te wāhi e nohoia ana.
5. Ngā Momo Noa o te Whakatārewatanga o Muri
a) Kurupae Hurihuri (Hau-motuhake)
He whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā waka iti me ngā waka rahi-waenga, he tino māmā te hoahoa, ā, he penapena wāhi. Ahakoa kāore i te tino motuhake, he pai te kurupae torsion mō te whakamahinga o ia rā, ā, he iti hoki ngā utu tiaki.
b) Hononga-maha (Motuhake)
He motuhake ake te neke o ia wira o muri me ngā ringa hono maha. He pai ake te whakahaere me te whakamarie, inā koa i runga i ngā rori koretake me te wā e koki ana, engari he uaua ake te hanga, ā, he nui ake te utu o te tiaki.
c) Koanga Rau (He mea noa i roto i te Tauhokohoko Māmā)
He kaha ngā puna rau ki te tautoko i ngā kawenga, ā, he ātete hoki. Ko te ngoikoretanga, ka pakari ake te ekenga ina tangohia te waka.
6. Ngā Ariā Taketake : Te Pakari o te Puna me te Whakaiti i te Ru
He maha ngā wā ka whakaaro te hunga tīmata ko ngā puna anake te mea e tika ana mō te whakatārewatanga "ngāwari". Ina hoki, ko te mea e whakatau ana i te āhua o te whakatārewatanga ko te huinga o ngā puna me ngā ārai ru.
– He ngohengohe rawa ngā puna: he pai ki te tinana, engari he ngāwari te piu me te nekeneke i te kokonga, i te parai rānei.
– He kaha rawa ngā puna: he koi ake te whakahaere, engari he kitea ake ngā pūkeko, ā, ka taea te whakaiti i te kukume i ngā rori pūkeko.
I runga i te ārai ru:
– He ngoikore rawa te whakamātao: ka pekepeke te motuka, ā, kāore i te pumau.
– He kaha rawa te whakamākū: he mārō te āhua, ā, ka tere te "peke" o ngā wira i runga i ngā rori taratara.
Ko te whāinga he taurite: he whakamarie engari he pumau.
7. Ngā Tohu o te Kino Whakatārewatanga e Māmā Ana te Mōhio
Ko ngā tohu e whai ake nei ka puta pinepine i roto i ngā waka mama:
1. Ka pekepeke nui te motuka i muri i te taha o te puke tere → tera pea he ngoikore/he turuturu ngā ārai ru.
2. Haruru patuki/tātaki i runga i ngā rori pakaru → te pūkaha kua pakaru, te hononga pōro, te hononga whakaū, te maunga ru rānei.
3. Te kākahu o te potae kāore i te ōrite → tērā pea kua rerekē te āhua o te wira, kua tawhito ngā pūihi, kua piko rānei ngā wāhanga whakatārewatanga.
4. Ka tō te motuka ki te taha kotahi → tērā pea nā te kore o te tūnga o ngā wira, ngā rerekētanga o te pēhanga o ngā potae, ngā raruraru rānei o ngā wāhanga whakatārewatanga.
5. Ka wiri te urungi i ētahi tere → tērā pea e pā ana ki te taurite, engari tērā pea ka tīmatahia e ngā wāhanga whakatārewatanga ngoikore.
Ki te puta mai ēnei tohu, he mea pai kia tirohia i tētahi awheawhe kei a ia ngā taputapu tirotiro me te whakatikatika.
8. Te Tiaki Whakatārewatanga Taketake mō ngā Tīmatanga
Ko ētahi mahi tiaki māmā engari he mea nui:
– Tirohia te pūwero ru i ia wā, i ia wā, mēnā he turuturu te hinu (ahakoa he turuturu, kāore rānei).
– Kia mau tonu te pēhanga o ngā potae kia rite ki ngā taunakitanga a te kaihanga; mā te pēhanga hē ka kore e pai te mahi a te whakatārewatanga.
– Kaua e pā ki ngā poka i te tere nui, nā te mea ka kino pea ngā awhi, ngā potae me ngā wāhanga whakatārewatanga.
– Me mahi i te whakatikatika me te taurite i ngā wira i ia wā, inā koa i muri i te pā ki tētahi kōhao nui, i te whakakapi rānei i ngā wāhanga whakatārewatanga.
– Kia tūpato ki te rapa (pū) me te pūtu hononga pōro; ka tere ake te urunga mai o te puehu i te rapa haehae, ā, ka tere ake hoki te pakaru.
9. Whakamutunga
Mā te mārama ki ngā kaupapa matua o te pūnaha whakatārewatanga waka māmā ka āwhina i te hunga tīmata ki te kite i te waka ehara i te mea he miihini me te tinana anake, engari he pūnaha me whakataurite i te whakamarie me te whakahaere. Ka mahi te whakatārewatanga mā te whakakotahitanga o ngā puna, ngā ārai ru, ngā hononga, ngā pūwero, me ngā whakaū kia mau tonu ai ngā wira ki te ara tika, kia noho whakamarie te kāpini, kia noho haumaru ai te waka i te wā e taraiwa ana.
Mā te mārama ki ngā wāhanga matua, ngā momo whakatārewatanga, me ngā tohu noa o te pakaru, ka taea e koe te mahi tiaki tere ake, te ārai i ngā pakaru atu, me te pupuri i te mahi pai o te waka mō te wā roa. Ki te hiahia koe ki te ruku hohonu ake, ka taea e koe te tīmata me ngā kaupapa matatau ake pēnei i te āhua o te wira (camber, caster, toe), ngā pānga o ngā whakarerekētanga whakatārewatanga, me ngā rerekētanga o ngā āhuatanga whakatārewatanga mō te whakamarie me te mahi.
