Ngā Kaupapa Taketake o ngā Pūnaha Whakamatao Mīhini Waka Mama
He pūnaha nui te pūnaha whakamatao miihini i roto i ngā waka māmā (ngā waka pāhihi, ngā waka tāone, ngā MPV, me ngā SUV māmā), e pupuri ana i te pāmahana mahi o te miihini i roto i te awhe pai. Ka puta he wera nui mai i ngā miihini mura ā-roto nā te mura o te ranunga hau-wahie, te waku o ngā wāhanga, me te pēhanga. Ki te kore e whakahaerea tika tēnei wera, ka wera rawa te miihini, ka heke te mahi, ka pakaru ngā wāhanga, tae noa ki te hopu. Nō reira, he mea nui te mārama ki ngā kaupapa matua o te pūnaha whakamatao mō ngā kaiwhakamahi, ngā ākonga kura mahi motuka, me ngā tohunga hangarau tauhou.
1. Te Mahi a te Pūnaha Whakamatao
Ko te tikanga whānui, ko ngā mahi a te pūnaha whakamatao ko:
1. Kia mau tonu te pāmahana o te mīhini ki te pāmahana whakahaere (i te nuinga o te wā kei waenganui i te 80–95°C i roto i te nuinga o ngā waka).
2. Ka whakateretere i te whakatutukitanga o te pāmahana mahi ina tīmatahia te mīhini (tīmatanga makariri), kia pai ake ai te tahunga, kia iti ake ai hoki ngā tukunga.
3. Ārai i te wera nui ina mahi kaha te waka, hei tauira ina noho pōrearea ana i te waka, e piki ana i ngā pukepuke, e amo ana rānei i ngā kawenga.
4. Ka tiaki i ngā wāhanga miihini pēnei i ngā pane rango, ngā poraka miihini, ngā gaskets, ngā piston, me te hinu mai i te pirau nā te wera nui rawa.
5. Ka tautoko i te whakamarie o te kāpini mā te whakamahi i te wera o te wai whakamatao mō te whakamahana (i runga i ētahi waka).
2. Te Mātāpono Mahi o te Pūnaha Whakamatao Wai
I roto i ngā waka māmā o ēnei rā, ko te pūnaha whakamatao wai (wai/whakamatao o te radiator) te pūnaha tino noa. Ko tōna mātāpono mahi he whakawhiti i te wera mai i te miihini ki te hau o waho mā te whakamatao.
Ko te rere penei:
– Ka rere te wai whakamatao mai i te pūwhakamahana ki te poraka miihini mā te papu wai.
– Ka rere te wai whakamatao mā roto i te uhi wai (ngā awa whakamatao i roto i te poraka me te pane rango) hei mimiti i te wera.
– Kātahi ka rere te wai wera ki te thermostat. Mēnā kāore i te tino teitei te pāmahana, ka kati te thermostat i te ara ki te radiator, ka taea ai te rere o te wai whakamatao mā te ara karo kia tere ai te eke ki te pāmahana whakahaere.
– Ina tae te pāmahana ki tētahi uara kua whakaritea (hei tauira, 82–88°C), ka huaki te thermostat ka tukuna te wai wera ki te radiator.
– I roto i te pūwhakamahana, ka tukuna te wera ki te hau mā roto i ngā tara o te pūwhakamahana, ā, ka āwhinahia e te pā hau pūwhakamahana ina kore e ranea te rere o te hau.
– Ka hoki te wai whakamatao ki te papu wai, ā, ka tīmata anō te huringa.
3. Ngā Wāhanga Matua o te Pūnaha Whakamatao me ā Rātou Mahi
a. Pāreti
He whakawhiti wera te radiator e whakamatao ana i te wai whakamatao mā te whakawhānui i tōna mata mā roto i ngā paipa me ngā tara. Ko ngā radiator he mea hanga i te konumohe (he mama, he pai te kawe wera) he huinga konumohe-kirihou rānei i roto i ngā tāke o runga me raro. Kei ngā radiator:
– Tāke tomo (tāke tomo wai wera)
– Matua (ngā paipa me ngā tara hei tuku i te wera)
– Te tāke putanga (te tāke e puta mai ai te wai mātao)
b. Papu Wai
Ko te papu wai te kawenga mō te rere o te wai whakamatao puta noa i te pūnaha. I roto i te maha o ngā waka, ka peia te papu e te whitiki (whitiki pā/whitiki hāpara) i ētahi hoahoa rānei, e te whitiki wā. Ko te korenga o te papu (ngā peera kua pakaru, te impeller kua pakaru, ngā hiri e turuturu ana) ka arahi pea ki te rere ngoikore o te wai, ā, i te mutunga ka wera rawa.
c. Te whakamahana
He takirere aunoa te thermostat e whakahaere ana i te rere o te wai whakamatao ki roto i te radiator. He mea nui tōna mahi mō:
– Ka tere tonu te whakamahana o te mīhini ki te pāmahana mahi (ka piki ake te pai o te mahi).
– Ka ārai i te makariri rawa o te mīhini (ka moumou wahie, ka nui ake te pakaru).
Ka mahi te thermostat mā te whakawhanui i te pirepire ware pi. Ina werahia, ka whakawhanui te ware pi ka pana i te takirere kia tuwhera.
d. Te Taupoki Pāreti me te Pēhanga Pūnaha
Ehara te taupoki o te pūwero i te taupoki noa iho, engari he takirere whakahaere pēhanga. Ka pēhia te pūnaha whakamatao kia piki ake te pāmahana koropupū o te wai whakamatao. Hei tauira, ka koropupū te wai parakore i te 100°C i te pēhanga hauātea, engari ki te tāpirihia te pēhanga, ka piki ake tōna pāmahana koropupū, ka ārai i te koropupū me te hanga mamaoa ngāwari.
E rua ngā takirere o ngā taupoki radiator:
– Tārere pēhanga: ka pupuri i te pēhanga mōrahi, ka tuku i te pēhanga nui ki te puna wai.
– Rerewē korehau: ina mātao te mīhini, ā, ina heke te pēhanga, ka kumea te wai mai i te puna wai ki roto i te whakamahana.
e. Tāke Puna (Tāke Rāhui)
Ka pupuri te puna wai whakamatao nui i te pikinga o te pāmahana me te whānui haere o tōna rahinga. Ina whakamatao te mīhini, ka mimia te wai ki roto i te pūnaha matua. Mā tēnei tāke ka māmā ake te tirotiro i te taumata me te kore e whakatuwhera i te taupoki o te pūwhakamahana (he haumaru ake).
f. Ngongo Pāreti (Ngongo o Runga me Raro)
Ka haria e te ngongo o runga te wai whakamatao wera mai i te miihini ki te radiator, ko te ngongo ia o raro ka whakahoki i te wai whakamatao kua whakamatao ki te miihini. Me tu atu ngā ngongo i te wera me te pēhanga, ā, kaua e pakarukaru, e ngatata, e pupuhi rānei.
g. Pā Whakamatao
Ka āwhina ngā pā hau i te rere o te hau mā roto i te pūwhakamahana ina tū te waka, ina neke puhoi rānei. E rua ngā momo matua:
– He pā hau miihini (he hononga miihini, he mea noa ake i ngā waka tawhito)
– He pā hau hiko (e whakahaerehia ana e te ECU, e te pana wera rānei i runga i te pāmahana whakamatao)
h. Kaiwhakamatao (Whakamatao)
Ehara i te wai anake te wai whakamatao. He ranunga noa iho o te ethylene glycol, te propylene glycol rānei, te wai kua tangohia ngā kohuke, me tētahi kete tāpiri. Ko āna mahi:
– Whakanuia te pāmahana koropupū, whakaitihia hoki te pāmahana tio.
– Ārai i te waikura o ngā konganuku (konumohe, rino, parahi).
– Whakahinuhinuhia te hiri o te papu wai.
– Ka whakaiti i te hanganga o te kirinuku.
Ka taea e te wai noa te whakapūpū i te waikura, te paru, me ngā paipa kua āraia, inā koa mēnā he nui ngā kohuke kei roto i te wai.
4. He Tirohanga Poto ki te Pūnaha Whakamatao Hau
I ētahi waka (he mea noa ake i runga i ngā motopaika), ka whakamahia te whakamatao hau tika. Heoi, i roto i ngā waka māmā o ēnei rā, ko ngā pūnaha whakamatao wai te mea nui ake nā te mea he pumau ake, he whai hua ake, ā, ka taea te tu atu ki ngā kawenga me ngā tukunga kaha ake.
5. Ngā Tohu me ngā Take o te Raru Noa
Ko ētahi tohu o te raruraru o te pūnaha whakamatao:
– Ka piki te ngira pāmahana, ka mura rānei te tohu wera rawa.
– Ka heke haere tonu te hauhautanga, kāore he tino take (te turuturu, te mimiti rānei).
– Kāore te pā hau e hurihuri i ngā pāmahana teitei (ngoikore te mōtini pā hau, te whakawhiti hiko, te whakakā, te pūoko).
– Ka tere te piki o te pāmahana nā te mea kua purua te whakamahana (ngā putunga/te unahi).
– Kua kati te whakamahana wera, ā, kāore e rere te wai ki te whakamahana wera.
– Ka roa te wā e wera ai te mīhini ina mau te thermostat tuwhera, ā, ka nui ake te whakapaunga wahie.
– Ka whakaitihia te rere o te toto e te papu wai ngoikore/tūturu.
– Ka ārai te taupoki o te whakamahana kua pakaru i te hanga pēhanga, ā, ka māmā ake te kohua.
– Ka puta pea he mirumiru i roto i te radiator, i te wai whakamatao kua konatunatua ki te hinu, i te paoa mā rānei mai i te putanga hau ina turuturu te gasket o te pane rango.
6. Te Tiaki i te Pūnaha Whakamatao Taketake
Hei whakarite kia roa te pūnaha whakamatao, kia pai ai hoki te mahi a te mīhini, me mahi ēnei e whai ake nei:
1. Tirohia te taumata o te wai whakamatao i roto i te puna wai i ia wā ina makariri te mīhini.
2. Whakamahia te wai whakamatao kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga a te kaihanga, tae atu ki te momo me te ōwehenga ranunga (he maha ngā wā 30–50% te wai whakamatao).
3. Whakakapia te wai whakamatao i te wā e tika ana (hei tauira, i ia 2 tau, i runga rānei i ngā taunakitanga).
4. Tirohia ngā ngongo me ngā rawhi mō ngā kapiti, ngā turuturu, ngā pupuhi rānei.
5. Horoia te pūwero i te paru o waho (puehu, paru) kia kore ai e purua ngā tara.
6. Me whakarite kei te mahi te pā hau, ā, kei te pai te āhua o te fiusi/relay.
7. Kaua e huakina te taupoki o te pūwhakamahana ina wera, nā te mea ka taea e te pēhanga teitei te pupuhi i te wai wera ka whara.
7. Whakamutunga
Ko te pūnaha whakamatao miihini waka māmā he raupapa o ngā wāhanga e mahi tahi ana hei pupuri i te pāmahana miihini i roto i ngā rohe haumaru me te whai hua. Ko te radiator, te papu wai, te thermostat, te hau, te taupoki radiator, ngā ngongo, te puna wai, me te whakamatao he mahi takitahi engari he hononga. Mā te mārama ki tā rātou mahi me te mahi i ngā tiaki taketake i ia wā, ka taea e koe te whakaiti i te mōrearea o te wera nui, te whakaroa i te roa o te ora o te miihini, me te pupuri i te mahi tino pai o te waka.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea hoki e au te hanga i tētahi putanga o tēnei tuhinga hei tuhinga pepa (papamuri–whakatakoto rapanga–kōrero–whakamutunga) ka tāpirihia rānei he tūtohi rere o te tohanga wai whakamatao kia māmā ake ai te mārama.
