Ngā Tikanga Chromatography Papa Angiangi i roto i te Rongoā
Pendahuluan
Ko te Chromatography Papa Angiangi (TLC) he tikanga tātari tino noa e whakamahia ana i roto i te umanga rongoā. E mōhiotia ana tēnei tikanga mō tōna māmā, tōna tere, me tōna utu whaitake, tae atu ki tōna kaha ki te whakarato i ngā mōhiohio kounga nui mō te hanganga o te tauira. I roto i ngā taiwhanga rongoā, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te TLC i roto i te rangahau me te whakawhanaketanga rongoā, te whakamātautau rauemi mata, me te whakahaere kounga hua kua oti. Ahakoa kei te piki haere te whakamahinga o ngā taputapu tātari hou pēnei i te HPLC me te LC-MS, kei te whai tikanga tonu te TLC nā tōna ngāwari ki te whakahaere me tōna pūmanawa hei tikanga tirotiro tuatahi.
Ngā Mātāpono Taketake o te Chromatography Papa Angiangi
Ko te kaupapa o te TLC e hangai ana ki te wehenga o ngā wāhanga ranunga i runga i ngā rerekētanga o te kaha o ia wāhanga mō ngā wāhanga e rua: te wāhanga tūmau me te wāhanga nekeneke. Ko te wāhanga tūmau he paparanga angiangi o te adsorbent pērā i te silica gel, te alumina, te cellulose rānei kua pania ki runga i te karāhe, te konumohe, te pereti kirihou rānei. I taua wā, ko te wāhanga nekeneke he whakarewa, he ranunga whakarewa rānei e neke ana i roto i te wāhanga tūmau nā te mahi capillary.
Ina kitea he tauira ki raro i te pereti, ā, ka whakanohoia te pereti ki roto i tētahi oko whakawhanake kei roto he wāhanga neke, ka piki ake te whakarewa. Ko ngā wāhanga he wairewa ake i roto i te wāhanga neke, ā, he iti ake te taunekeneke ki te wāhanga tūmau, ka haere tawhiti atu, ko ngā wāhanga he kaha ake te taunekeneke ki te wāhanga tūmau ka mau tonu, ā, he iti ake te tere o te haere. Ko te mutunga mai he wehenga i roto i te āhua o ngā ira i ngā tūranga rerekē.
Ngā Wāhanga Matua i roto i te TLC
I roto i te mahi rongoā, ko te angitu o te TLC e whakawhirinaki ana ki te kōwhiringa me te kounga o ōna wāhanga matua:
1. Pereti TLC
Ko te tikanga, ka pania ngā pereti ki te kiriuhi silica polar (SiO₂). He pai te kiriuhi silica mō te wehewehe i ngā momo matū rongoā maha, inā koa ko ērā he rerekē ngā polarity. Kei te wātea hoki ngā pereti āhua-hurihuri, pērā i te C18, mō ngā matū kore-polar, ētahi matū rānei e uaua ana ki te wehewehe i te āhua noa.
2. Wāhanga neke (whakapūngao)
Ka taea te whakamahi i te whakarewa kotahi, i te ranunga rānei. Ko te kōwhiringa ka whakawhirinaki ki ngā āhuatanga matū o te tātari, inā koa tōna āhua polarity. Ko ngā ranunga noa ko te chloroform–methanol, te ethyl acetate–hexane, te toluene–acetate rānei. He maha ngā wā ka arotauhia te ōwehenga whakarewa kia tutuki ai ngā wehenga koi.
3. Waka whakawhanake
Me kati pūmau te oko kia kore ai e puta te wāhi kua whakakīia e te kohu whakarewaMā tēnei whakakī ka puta he whanaketanga ōrite ake, me te pai ake o te ira.
4. Ngā tauira me ngā paerewa whakatairite
I roto i te tātari rongoā, ka whakaritea ngā tauira ki ngā paerewa hei whakaū i te tuakiri, i te parakore rānei. Mā te kimi i te paerewa me te tauira ki runga i te pereti kotahi ka nui ake te pono o te whakamaoritanga.
5. Te kimi ira
Ka taea te kite ā-kanohi i ngā ira mena he tae, mā te whakamahi rānei i te rama UV (254 nm, 366 nm rānei). Tērā atu rānei, ka taea te rehu i ngā matū pēnei i te ninhydrin (mō ngā waikawa amino), Dragendorff (ngā alkaloid), anisaldehyde-sulfate (ngā momo metabolites), iodine rānei.
Ngā Wāhanga o te Whakatinanatanga o te KLT
Ko te tikanga TLC i roto i te whare rongoā ko ngā mahi nui e whai ake nei:
1. Te whakarite pereti
Mena kei te whakamahi koe i ngā pereti kua rite ki te whakamahi, he māmā noa iho tēnei mahi. Heoi, i ētahi wā, me whakaoho pea ngā pereti mā te whakamahana (hei tauira, ki te 100–120°C) hei tango i te makuku ka pā ki te wehenga.
2. Te kimi tauira
Ka tirohia te tauira mā te whakamahi i tētahi pūwero, i tētahi paipa iti rānei i te rārangi tīmatanga, me te whakarite i tētahi tawhiti motuhake i waenga i ngā ira. Me iti, me matotoru hoki ngā ira kia kore ai e horapa te ira.
3. Te whanaketanga o te chromatogram
Ka whakatakotoria te pereti ki roto i te rūma whakawhanake me te taumata whakarewa i raro i te rārangi ira. Ka tukuna te whakarewa kia piki ki te taumata e hiahiatia ana, kātahi ka tangohia te pereti ka whakamaroke.
4. Te tirohanga me te tautuhi i ngā ira
I muri i te maroke, ka tirohia ngā ira mā te whakamahi i ngā matū UV, i ngā matū rehu rānei. Kātahi ka inehia ngā tūranga ira hei tatau i te uara Rf (Retardation factor):
\[
R_f = \frac{\text{tawhiti haere ira}}{\text{tawhiti haere mua whakarewa}}
\]
Ka taea te whakamahi i te uara Rf hei tawhā tautuhi, inā koa ka whakaritea ki ngā paerewa, ā, ka mahia i raro i ngā tikanga tātari ōrite.
Ngā tono TLC i roto i te Whare Rongoā
He maha ngā whakamahinga tino nui o te TLC i roto i te ao rongoā, tae atu ki:
1. Te tautuhi i ngā rauemi mata mō ngā rongoā
He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te TLC hei whakarite kia tutuki ngā whakaritenga o ngā rauemi mata kua riro mai. Hei tauira, te tautuhi matū Ka taea te whakarite i te kaha motuhake mā te whakatairite i te Rf o te tauira ki tētahi paerewa mana.
2. Whakamātautau parakore me te kimi poke
I roto i te whakahaere kounga, ka taea e te TLC te tohu i te aroaro o ngā poke, ngā hua pirau rānei. Ko ngā ira tāpiri i tua atu i te ira tuatahi e tohu ana i ngā poke pea.
3. Te aroturuki i te tukanga whakahiato
I roto i te rangahau me te whakawhanaketanga rongoā, ka whakamahia te TLC hei aroturuki i ngā tauhohenga matū: mēnā kei te noho tonu ngā matū tauhohenga, mēnā kua puta ngā hua, me te wā e tae ai te tauhohenga ki tōna taumata tino pai.
4. Te tātaritanga rongoā me ngā otaota
He whānuitia te whakamahinga o te TLC i roto i te tātari i ngā tangohanga tipu rongoā. Kei roto hoki i ētahi rongoā he tikanga TLC hei tautuhi i ngā matū tohu i roto i ngā hua otaota.
5. Whakamātautau pumau māmā
I ngā rangahau pumau tuatahi, ka taea e te TLC te āwhina ki te kite i te hanganga o ngā hua pirau nā te wera, te mārama, te makuku rānei.
Ngā Painga me ngā Here o te TLC
Keunggulan
– He tere, he ohanga hoki ki te whakataurite ki ngā tikanga taputapu uaua.
- He ngawari te mahi, kāore hoki e hiahiatia he taputapu utu nui.
– He ngāwari, nā te mea ka taea te wehewehe i ngā momo matū maha me ngā rerekētanga o ngā wairewa me ngā āhua tūmau.
– He tātaritanga whai hua, e tika ana mō ngā wāhanga tuatahi o te tātari, o te rangahau rānei.
Ngā Here
– He ngoikore te āheinga ki te whakaputa anō i ētahi wā mēnā kāore i te tino whakahaeretia ngā āhuatanga (te mākū o te oko, te haumākū, te kounga o te whakarewa).
– He iti noa te ine ine, ahakoa ka taea te whakapai ake mā te whakamahi i te densitometry (TLC Scanner).
– He iti ake te tairongo i te HPLC, i te LC-MS rānei.
Ngā Whanaketanga Hou: HPTLC
Hei whanaketanga o te TLC, e mōhiotia ana ko te High-Performance Angiangi-Papa Chromatography (HPTLC). Ka whakamahia e te HPTLC ngā pereti he pai ake ngā matūriki me te paparanga ōrite ake, ka hua ake he wehenga koi ake, he tairongo ake ka taea te tātari i te rahinga mā te whakamahi i ngā matawai densitometric. I roto i te umanga rongoā, ka tukuna e te HPTLC he taurite i waenga i te whai huatanga o te TLC me te tika o ngā tikanga taputapu hou.
Whakamutunga
He tikanga tātari te tikanga Chromatography Papa Angiangi He mea nui tonu te TLC i roto i te umanga rongoā nā te mea he māmā, he tere, he ngāwari hoki. He pai te TLC mō te tautuhi, te whakamātautau parakore, te aroturuki i te hanganga, me te tātari hua taiao. Ahakoa ōna herenga ki te ine me te aro, ko te TLC tonu te whiringa matua mō te tirotiro me te whakamātautau auau. I te whanaketanga o te HPTLC, kua piki ake ngā āheinga o te TLC, ā, ka taea e ia te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o te tātari rongoā pakari ake, paerewa ake.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te tāpiri i ngā tauira ako take (hei tauira, te tautuhi i te paracetamol, te kawheine, ngā matū tohu rānei i roto i te turmeric) me ngā taunakitanga mō ngā āhua neke me ngā tikanga tirohanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te taiwhanga.
