Tikanga Wehewehe Ranunga Chromatography
Pendahuluan
Ko te chromatography tētahi o ngā tikanga tino whai hua, tino whānui hoki mō te wehewehe i ngā ranunga matū, e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā momo mara pūtaiao me ngā ahumahi. Ko te ingoa "chromatography" i ahu mai i ngā kupu Kariki "chroma," ko te tikanga he tae, me te "graphein," ko te tikanga he tuhi. Ahakoa i whakamahia tuatahitia tēnei tikanga hei wehewehe i ngā matū tae, i ēnei rā ka taea te whakamahi i te chromatography hei wehewehe, hei tautuhi, hei tātari hoki i te tini o ngā matū, tae atu ki ngā matū tae kore tae.
Ngā Mātāpono Taketake o te Chromatography
Ko te tikanga, e rua ngā wāhanga o te chromatography: he wāhanga tūmau me te wāhanga neke. Ko te wāhanga tūmau he rauemi e noho tūmau ana, e piri ana ki tētahi pou, ki tētahi mata rānei, ko te wāhanga neke ia he wai, he hau rānei e rere ana i roto i te wāhanga tūmau. Ka wehea ngā matū i roto i tētahi tauira i runga i ngā rerekētanga o ō rātou tere heke i waenga i ēnei wāhanga e rua.
Tikanga Chromatography
1. Te Whakamātautau Pepa
Ko te chromatography pepa tētahi o ngā tikanga taketake māmā rawa. I roto i tēnei tikanga, ka mahi tētahi rau pepa hei wāhanga tūmau, ā, ko tētahi otinga (ko te wai te nuinga, he ranunga rānei o ngā whakarewa waro) hei wāhanga neke. Ka whakatakotoria te tauira ki muri o te pepa, kātahi ka toua te pepa ki roto i te whakarewa. Ka rere te whakarewa ki runga i te pepa, ka kawe i ngā matū o te ranunga i ngā tere rerekē, i runga i ō rātou hononga ki ngā wāhanga tūmau me ngā wāhanga neke. He tikanga māmā, he whai hua hoki tēnei mō te wehewehe i ngā matū he rerekē ngā polarities.
2. Te Whakamātautau Āhua Angiangi (TLC)
Ko te TLC tētahi atu tikanga māmā, tere hoki. Ka whakamahia he pereti karāhe, he mea whakarewa, he pereti kirihou rānei kua pania ki tētahi paparanga angiangi o tētahi mea mimiti pērā i te silica gel, te alumina rānei hei wāhanga tūmau. Ka pania te tauira ki te turanga o te pereti, kātahi ka whakanohoia te pereti ki roto i tētahi ipu kei roto he paparanga papaku o te whakarewa (te wāhanga neke). Ka piki te whakarewa mā roto i te pereti mā te mahi capillary, ka kawe me te wehe i ngā wāhanga o te tauira. Ka taea te tiro tika i ngā hua wehenga i raro i te mārama UV, mā te tauhohe rānei ki ngā tauhohenga motuhake.
3. Te Chromatography Pou
Ko te chromatography pou e whakamahi ana i tētahi pou poutū kua whakakīia ki tētahi wāhanga tūmau, pērā i te silica gel, te alumina rānei. Ko te wāhanga neke, he otinga waro, he ranunga whakarewa rānei, ka tukuna mā roto i te pou kua whakakīia ki te tauira. Ka wehea ngā matū o te tauira i runga i tō rātou kaha ki te wāhanga tūmau me te nekenekehanga i roto i te wāhanga neke. He maha ngā momo o te chromatography pou, pērā i te chromatography wai pēhanga-teitei (HPLC) me te chromatography wai tere.
4. Te Whakamātautau Hau (Te Whakamātautau Hau – GC)
Ka whakamahia te GC hei wehewehe me te tātari i ngā pūhui pūngāwerewere. I roto i tēnei tikanga, ko te wāhanga tūmau he wai kua pania ki runga i tētahi totoka kore-tauhohe, ā, kua whakanohoia ki roto i tētahi pou kapia, ko te wāhanga neke he hau pērā i te hēriuma, te hauota rānei . Ka werohia te tauira ki roto i te pou, ka mimiti ngā pūhui, ā, ka haria e te hau kore-tauhohe. Ka puta te wehenga i roto i te pou i runga i ngā rerekētanga o te pūngāwerewere me te taunekeneke o ngā pūhui ki te wāhanga tūmau. Ka inehia e tētahi taputapu kite i te pito o te pou te nui o ia pūhui i tukuna, e āhei ai te tātari ine me te tātari kounga.
5. Te Whakamātautau Wai Mahi-Teitei (HPLC )
Ko te HPLC he putanga whakapai ake o te chromatography pou e whakamahi ana i te pēhanga teitei hei papu i te wāhanga neke mā roto i te pou kua whakakiia ki ngā matūriki moroiti hei wāhanga tūmau. Ka tukuna e tēnei tikanga he taumira pai ake, ā, ka taea te tātari tere me te whai hua ake o te whānuitanga o ngā matū. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā momo taputapu kite i roto i te HPLC, tae atu ki te UV-Vis, te fluorescence, me te spectrometry papatipu, e taea ai te whānuitanga o ngā tono i roto i te tātari matū, koiora, me te rongoā.
Ngā Painga me ngā Huakore o te Chromatography
Pērā i ngā tikanga pūtaiao katoa, he painga me ngā ngoikoretanga o te chromatography me whai whakaaro ki ēnei.
Te Hiranga:
1. Te Tairongo Nui: Ka taea e te chromatography te kite me te wehewehe i ngā matū i roto i ngā rahinga iti noa.
2. Ngā mahi maha: Ka taea te whakamahi mō ngā momo tauira, tae atu ki ngā hau, ngā wai, me ngā mea totoka.
3. Tere: Mā ngā tikanga matatau pēnei i te HPLC me te GC ka taea te tātari tere.
4. Teitei o te Tika me te Pūmau: He tino whai hua mō te tātari tauanga me te tātari kounga.
Te korenga:
1. Te Utu Nui: He utu nui ngā taputapu chromatography matatau pēnei i te HPLC me te GC, ā, me tiaki tonu.
2. Ngā Herenga o te Matū: Kāore pea ētahi matū e pai mō ētahi tikanga, hei tauira, kāore e taea te tātari i ngā matū kore-pohehe mā te GC.
3. Ngā Pūkenga Hangarau: Me nui te pūkenga hangarau e hiahiatia ana hei whakahaere i ngā taputapu chromatography me te whakamārama i ngā hua.
Ngā tono Chromatography
He whānuitia ngā mahi pūtaiao me ngā mahi ahumahi e whakamahia ana te chromatography. Ko ētahi o ngā mahi matua ko:
1. Tātari Rongoā: Hei wehewehe me te tātari i ngā wāhanga rongoā, me te whakamātautau i te parakore me te pumau o ngā hua rongoā.
2. Pūtaiao Kai: Whakamahia hei whakamātautau mō ngā poke i roto i ngā kai me ngā inu, me te tātari i te hanganga matūkai me ngā tāpiringa.
3. Rangahau Koiora: Hei wehewehe i ngā pūmua, ngā waikawa karihi, me ngā matū whakaputa i roto i ngā rangahau matū koiora me ngā rangahau ngota.
4. Matū Tātari: Whakamahia i roto i te tātari taiao me te tātari ture hei kimi i ngā poke, ngā paitini, me ngā matū morearea.
5. Ahumahi Matūkai: Hei tātari i ngā wāhanga o te hinu me ngā hua matūkai.
Whakamutunga
He tikanga nui, he tikanga whānui hoki te chromatography, he mea nui ki te matū, ki te koiora, me ētahi atu ahumahi. He maha ngā tikanga e wātea ana, mai i te chromatography pepa māmā ki te HPLC me te GC matatau, kei te whakarato tonu i ngā otinga mō te wehenga me te tātari i ngā ranunga uaua. Nā ōna painga ki te aro, te tere, me te tika, he taputapu nui tēnei mō te rangahau me ngā tono mahi. Ahakoa he arai te utu me te hiahia mō te tohungatanga hangarau, he nui ake ngā painga e tukuna ana e te chromatography i tōna hiranga i roto i te pūtaiao me te ahumahi.
