## Te Mārama ki ngā Mahi o te Whānautanga Noa: Te Tukanga Taiao o te Whānautanga
Pendahuluan
Ko te whānautanga noa, e mōhiotia ana ko te whānautanga ā-tara, he tukanga taiao e whānau ai te pēpi mā te awa whānau o te wahine, kāore he pokanga. Koinei te momo whānautanga tino noa, ā, kua noho hei wāhanga nui o te oranga tangata mai i ngā wā o mua. Ko te whāinga o tēnei tuhinga he whakarato i tētahi māramatanga hōhonu mō ngā mahi o te whānautanga noa, mai i ōna wāhanga, te hiranga o te whakarite tinana me te hinengaro, tae atu ki te tūranga o ngā tohunga hauora ki te whakarite i tētahi whānautanga maeneene me te haumaru.
Ngā Wāhanga o te Whakawhanau Noa
Ko te tukanga whānautanga noa e wehea ana kia toru ngā wāhanga matua:
1. Wāhanga Tuatahi: Te Whakatuwheratanga o te Cervix
– Ko tēnei wāhanga tuatahi te wāhanga roa rawa atu, ā, ka roa pea mō ngā hāora, mō ngā rā rānei. Ko tōna āhua ko ngā kōpiripiri o te kōpū e kaha haere ana, e auau ana, e kaha ana hoki. I te tīmatanga o tēnei wāhanga, ka tīmata te whānui me te angiangi o te kaki (te whakakorenga).
– Ka inehia te whānui o te kōpū i roto i ngā henimita, mai i te putanga tuatahi ki te whānui katoa (10 henimita), kia taea ai te pēpi te pana ki waho. E rua ngā wāhanga o tēnei tukanga: te wāhanga huna (tae atu ki te 3 henimita te whānui) me te wāhanga hohe (mai i te 3 henimita ki te whānui katoa).
– I te wā huna, kāore pea ngā mamae e tino mamae, e auau rānei, engari i te wā e kaha ana, ka kaha ake, ka auau ake, ka auau ake hoki ngā mamae, e whakarite ana i te tinana o te wahine mō te whānautanga.
2. Wāhanga Tuarua: Te Peia i te Pēpi
– Kia tino whānui te kaki o te kōpū, ka āwhina ngā mamae ki te pana i te pēpi mā roto i te awa whānau. I tēnei wā, ka tonoa te whaea kia tīmata te pana. E mōhiotia ana hoki tēnei wā ko te "wāhanga pana."
– Ka roa pea tēnei wāhanga tuarua o te whānautanga mai i ētahi meneti ki ētahi hāora, i runga i ngā āhuatanga maha pēnei i te tūranga o te pēpi, te kaha o ngā mamae, me te tikanga pēhi a te whaea.
– Ina tīmata te pēpi ki te puta, ko te upoko te tuatahi ki te puta (e kiia ana tēnei ko te karaunatanga). Me mahi tahi ngā kaimahi hauora me ngā whaea kia tutuki ai tēnei mahi, me te whakarite hoki i te haumaru o te whaea me te pēpi.
3. Tuatoru o te Wāhanga: Te Peia o te Wāhanga
– Kia whānau te pēpi, ka haere tonu ngā mamae o te kōpū hei āwhina i te pana i te whenua whenua, ā, ko te tikanga ka roa i waenga i te 5 me te 30 meneti i muri i te whānautanga o te pēpi.
– He mea nui kia whānau katoa te whenua whānau hei ārai i ngā raruraru pēnei i te toto i muri i te whānautanga, i te mate pāwera rānei. I te nuinga o te wā, ka tirotirohia e te kaiwhakarato hauora te whenua whānau kia tino wehea.
Te Hiranga o te Whakarite Tinana me te Hinengaro
1. Te Whakarite Tinana:
– Ngā mahi Kegel: Ka āwhina ēnei mahi ki te whakapakari i ngā uaua o te papa pelvic, he mea nui ēnei mō te whānautanga me te whakaoranga i muri i te whānautanga.
– Yoga i mua i te whānautanga: Mā ngā mahi yoga i hangaia mō ngā wāhine hapū ka āwhina i te whakapiki i te ngāwari, te kaha, me te marino o te hinengaro i te wā e whānau ana.
– Kai Taurite: He mea nui te kai tōtika hei tautoko i te hauora o te whaea me te pēpi. E taunakihia ana ngā wāhine hapū kia kai i ngā kai e nui ana te rino, te konupūmā, te pūmua, me ngā huaora nui.
2. Te Whakarite Hinengaro:
– Ngā Akoranga Whānau: Mā te haere ki ngā akomanga whānau ka taea te whakarato i ngā mōhiotanga me ngā pūkenga nui mō te tukanga whānau, ngā tikanga whakangā, me te manawa whai hua i te wā e mamae ana te pēpi.
– Te Tirohanga Pai: Mā ngā tikanga tirohanga ka āwhina i ngā whaea kia rite ake te āhua o te whānautanga mā te whakaaro kei te pai, kei te angitu hoki.
– Tautoko Hinengaro: He mea nui te tautoko kare ā-roto mai i tō hoa rangatira, whānau, doula rānei (hoa whānau) hei hanga i te marino me te maia ki te whakawhanau.
Te Tūranga o ngā Kaimahi Hauora
He mahi nui tā ngā kaimahi hauora, pērā i ngā tākuta whānau-wahine, ngā kaiwhakawhanau, me ngā nēhi, hei whakarite kia maeneene, kia haumaru hoki te whānautanga ā-tara. Ko ā rātou mahi ko:
1. Te Aroturuki i te Āhua o te Whaea me te Pēpi:
– Ka aro turukihia e ngā kaimahi hauora ngā tohu ora o te whaea me te tere o te manawa o te pēpi kia pai ai te āhua o te whaea i te wā e whānau ana.
2. Te Tautoko me ngā Taunakitanga:
– I runga i te ahunga whakamua o te whānautanga, ka whakaratohia e ngā kaimahi hauora ngā taunakitanga me te tautoko e tika ana, pēnei i te wā tika hei tīmata pēhi, hei huri rānei i ngā tūranga hei āwhina i te pēpi ki te heke iho.
3. Te Wawaotanga Mēnā e Hiahiatia ana:
– Ahakoa e tumanakohia ana te whānautanga noa me te kore he wawaotanga hauora nui, kua rite ngā kaimahi hauora ki te mahi i ngā mahi e tika ana mēnā ka puta he raruraru, pērā i te whakaoho whānau, te episiotomy, te whakamahi rānei i ngā taputapu āwhina pērā i te forceps, te vacuum rānei.
Whakamutunga
He tukanga taiao, he tukanga uaua hoki te whānautanga noa, e uru ana ki te mahi tahi a te tinana o te whaea, te whakarite hinengaro, me te ārahi a ngā tohunga hauora. Mā te mārama pai ki ngā wāhanga o te whānautanga, te whakarite tinana me te hinengaro e tika ana, me te tautoko mai i ngā tohunga hauora matatau, ka taea e ngā whaea te wheako i te whānautanga me te māia me te haumaru.
I te whakarite mō te whānautanga noa, he mea nui kia whiwhi ngā wāhine hapu katoa i ngā mōhiotanga e tika ana, kia whai i ngā tohutohu hauora, kia mau tonu hoki te hauora tinana me te hinengaro. Pēnei, ehara i te mea he wero noa te wheako whānau engari he wā whakakorikori, he wā maumahara hoki i roto i te haerenga a te wahine ki te whaea.
