Te Whakahaere Manaaki Kaiwhakawhanau i roto i ngā Take o te Anorexia
Pendahuluan
Ko te Anorexia nervosa he mate kai e tohuhia ana e te tino herenga kai, te mataku nui kei piki te taumaha, me te ahua kino o te tinana. Ehara i te mea ko te āhua kai me te hauora tinana anake te pānga o tēnei āhuatanga engari... hauora hinengaro, te mahi whānau, me te kounga o te oranga. I roto i te horopaki o te whānautanga, he āwangawanga nui te kore hiahia kai nā te mea ka pā ki te hauora o ngā kōtiro taiohi, ngā wāhine e whānau ana, whaea hāpu, tae noa ki ngā wā i muri i te whānautanga me te whāngai ū. Nō reira, me mātau ngā kaiwhakawhanau ki te kite i ngā tohu, ki te whakahaere i ngā tirotiro, ki te whakarato mātauranga, me te mahi tahi me ētahi atu tohunga hauora kia pai ai te tiaki haumaru me te whānui.
Te Pānga o te Anorexia ki te Hauora Whakawhānau me te Hauora Whānau
I roto i ngā wāhine, he maha ngā wā ka honoa te kore hiahia ki te kai me ngā mate homoni e puta mai ana i te korenga o te kaha mau tonu. Ko ngā pānga taha noa ko te amenorrhea (te korenga o te paheketanga), ngā huringa paheketanga koretake, te heke o te hiahia moepuku, tae atu ki te kore tamariki. Ka puta hoki i te korenga o ngā matūkai nui me ngā matūkai moroiti te anemia, te osteopenia/osteoporosis, ngā raruraru electrolyte, te hypotension, te bradycardia, me te heke o te ārai mate.
I te wā e hapu ana, ka whakanui ake te anorexia i te mōrearea o ngā raruraru pēnei i:
1. Te materoto nā te koretake o te kai me te kore taurite o ngā homoni.
2. Te IUGR (Intrauterine Growth Restriction) me ngā pēpi taumaha iti i te whānautanga nā te iti o ngā matūkai.
3. E pā ana te whānautanga wawe me te pakaru wawe o ngā kiriuhi ki te ngoikore o te tinana me te āhua o te tinana kāore i te tino pai.
4. Te mate toto nui me te korenga o ngā matūkai iti (rino, folate, huaora D, konupūmā) e whakararu ana i te hauora o te whaea me te pēpi i roto i te kopu.
5. Ka piki ake te pouri me te manukanuka i ngā wā i mua i te whānautanga me muri i te whānautanga.
I te wā muri i te whānautanga, ka taea e te hiahia kore kai te whakaiti i te hanga waiū ū, te puhoi o te whakaoranga, me te mōrearea o ngā mate hinengaro muri i te whānautanga.
Te Tūranga o ngā Kaiwhakawhanau i roto i te Whakahaere Manaaki Kaiwhakawhanau
Ko te whāinga o te whakahaere tiaki a te kaiwhakawhanau mō te anorexia he whakarite i te haumaru o te kiritaki, te whakaiti i ngā raruraru, me te āwhina i te whakaora haere i te hauora mahi. E kapi ana te mahi a te kaiwhakawhanau i ētahi āhuatanga matua: te kitenga wawe, te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero rongoā, te aroturuki i te āhua kai me ngā tohu mōrearea, te mātauranga, te tautoko hinengaro-pāpori, me te tuku kōrero, te mahi tahi rānei i waenga i ngā ngaio.
1. Te Kitenga me te Tirotiro Wā Moata
Ko te taahiraa tuatahi ko te kite i ngā tohu e tohu ana i te kore hiahia kai. Me rapu e ngā kaiwhakawhanau ngā tohu pēnei i:
– Te iti o te BMI, te tino hekenga taumaha rānei.
– Ngā tikanga kai tino whiriwhiri, te karo i ētahi rōpū kai, te wehi rānei ki te kai.
– Te nui rawa o te korikori tinana, te whakamahi i ngā rongoā whakamāmā/whakaheke toto, te ruaki rānei.
– Te korenga o te pākia, te paheketanga koretake rānei.
– Ngā amuamu mō te ngoikore, te whanoke, te ngāwari o te mātao, te kiri maroke, te ngaro o te makawe.
– Te nui rawa o te āwangawanga mō te āhua o te tinana, ahakoa te āhua kikokore.
Ka taea te whakahaere i te tirotiro mā roto i ngā uiuinga me ngā taputapu māmā, pērā i ngā pātai mō te kai, te āhua o te tinana, me te hītori taumaha. Me whai tonu ngā kaiwhakawhanau i tētahi huarahi kore whakahe kia pai ai te noho a ngā kiritaki ki te whakapuaki i ā rātou kōrero.
2. Aromatawai Whānui
Kia whakapaetia te pēpi, ka whakahaerehia e te kaiwhakawhanau he aromatawai hōhonu, tae atu ki:
– Hītori hauora: ngā mate tāpiri, ngā hītori o ngā mate hinengaro (pouri, manukanuka), ngā hītori whānau.
– Ngā hītori o te paheketanga me te whānautanga: te huringa huringa, te korenga o te tamaiti, te hītori hapūtanga, te ārai hapūtanga.
– Ngā tauira kai: te nui, te momo, te auau, ngā tapu, te whanonga horoi.
– Whakamātautau tinana: taumaha, teitei, BMI, tohu ora, āhua kiri, makawe, tohu matewai.
– Ngā tohu o ngā raruraru: te whakaheke toto, te bradycardia, te pupuhi, te ngoikore o te hinengaro.
– Ngā āhuatanga hinengaro-pāpori: te ahotea whānau, te pēhanga pāpori, ngā wheako tukino, te mamae, te hiahia kia tino tika, me te tautoko pāpori.
Mō ngā wāhine hāpu , ka tāpirihia te aromatawai ki ngā whakamātautau hāpu e ai ki ngā paerewa ANC, tae atu ki te aroturuki i te tipu o te kukune me ngā tohu mōrearea nui.
3. Te Tātaritanga Whānau me te Whakatau Raru
Ka tito ngā kaiwhakawhanau i tētahi raruraru i runga i ngā raraunga tūturu. Ko ngā mate whānau noa i roto i ngā take o te kore hiahia ki te pēpi ko:
– Te kore taurite o te kai: he iti iho i ngā hiahia o te tinana
– Te mōrearea nui o ngā mate tipu o te kukune (i te wā e hapu ana)
– Ngā mate o te paheketanga, te amenorrhea rānei
– Te mōrearea o te anemia me ngā raruraru electrolyte
– Te manukanuka e pā ana ki te āhua o te tinana me te taumaha
– Te kore mōhiotanga mō te kai taurite me te pānga o te anorexia
I tēnei wā, ka tautuhia hoki e te kaiwhakawhanau te taumata o te āhuatanga ohorere. Mēnā ka kitea ngā tohu mōrearea (hei tauira, te koretake o te manawa, te tere o te manawa, te toto toto tiketike, te matewai, te whakapae rānei he mōrearea whakamomori), me tuku wawe atu ki te tākuta.
4. Te Whakamahere Wawaotanga
Ka whakahaerehia te whakamahere tiaki a te kaiwhakawhanau i runga i te āhua o te kiritaki, ngā rauemi, me te kaha o te kore hiahia. Kei roto i te mahere wawaotanga:
a. Te mātauranga kai me ngā tauira kai āta haere
Ka whakaako ngā kaiwhakawhanau mō te hiahia mō te kai taurite, te hiranga o te pūmua, te warowaihā matatini, te ngako hauora, ngā huaora, me ngā kohuke. Heoi, mō te anorexia, me āta haere, me tūturu hoki te whakaako. Ko te arotahi tuatahi ko te whakatū i tētahi tauira kai auau, kaua ko te whakanui ohorere i te rahi o ngā kai.
b. Tautoko hinengaro me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero whakaora
Ka hangaia e ngā kaiwhakawhanau he whanaungatanga aroha, ka karohia ngā kōrero e whakahē ana i te taumaha, ā, ka āwhina i ngā kiritaki ki te tautuhi i ngā whakaaro kino mō ō rātou tinana. Ahakoa ka whakaratohia e ngā tohunga hinengaro te rongoā hinengaro tuatahi, he mahi nui tā ngā kaiwhakawhanau ki te whakapakari i te hihiri, te whakahaere i te oranga hauora, me te whakarite kia kore ngā kiritaki e whakaaro he he tā rātou.
c. Te aroturuki i te āhua hauora
Ko te aroturukitanga kei roto ko te taumaha, ngā tohu ora, ngā tohu o te matewai, me te aromatawai i ngā tohu o te anemia. whaea hāpu, ka aroturukihia hoki e ngā kaiwhakawhanau te pikinga o te taumaha e ai ki ngā taunakitanga, te nekehanga o te kukune, me ngā hua o ngā whakamātautau tautoko mēnā e wātea ana.
d. Te ārai i ngā raruraru
E taunaki ana ngā kaiwhakawhanau kia nui te okiokinga, kia iti te nui o te korikori tinana, kia nui hoki te wai e inumia ana. Mēnā he tohu kei te ngoikore ngā kai, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakawhanau te whakatenatena i te tāpiringa kai (hei tauira, ngā tāpiringa rino, te waikawa folic). Me whakarerekē tonu te tāpiringa kai ki ngā kaupapa here ā-rohe, me te mahi tahi me te tākuta, te tohunga kai rānei.
e. Te mahi tahi me ngā tuku tohutohu
He mate maha-mātauranga te Anorexia. Me tuku kōrero, me mahi tahi rānei ngā kaiwhakawhanau ki:
– Tākuta (mō te aromatawai hauora, whakamātautau taiwhanga, me ngā raruraru)
– Kaimātai Kai (mō ngā mahere kai kua whakaritea)
– Tākuta hinengaro/tākuta hinengaro (mō te whakaora hinengaro-whanonga, whakaora whānau, whakaora rongoā rānei mēnā e tika ana)
Kei roto hoki i te mahi tahi te whai wāhi a te whānau mēnā ka whakaae te kiritaki, he mea nui hoki te tautoko a te whānau mō te angitu o te whakaoranga.
5. Te Whakatinanatanga o te Manaaki
Ka whakatinanahia te whakatinanatanga i runga anō i te mahere me ngā āheinga o te whare ratonga. Ngā tauira o te whakatinanatanga:
– Whakaaetia ngā whāinga iti pēnei i te kai i ngā kai e toru i te rā, me te kai paramanawa kotahi ki te rua.
– He kōrero tohutohu auau mō ngā huringa hauora o te tinana, inā koa i roto i ngā taiohi, i ngā whaea hāpu.
– Te aro turuki i te taumaha o te tinana me ngā tohu ora i ia wā, me te tuhi hoki i ngā tuhinga e tika ana.
– Whakaakohia ngā whānau kia kaua e akiaki, e whakahē rānei, engari kia tautoko i te tukanga kai me te whakaora.
– Whakawhanakehia he mahere whai muri, hei tauira, ngā haerenga anō ia wiki, ia rua wiki rānei.
Mō ngā wāhine hāpu , kei roto hoki i te whakatinanatanga te ANC whakauru, te aroturukitanga o te oranga o te pēpi, me te whakaakoranga mō ngā tohu mōrearea pēnei i te toto, te mamae nui, te ngoikore o te nekehanga o te pēpi, te whānautanga wawe rānei.
6. Aromatawai me te Whai Aromatawai
Ka whakahaerehia he aromatawai hei aromatawai mēnā he whai hua te wawaotanga. Ko ētahi o ngā tohu angitu ko:
– Te whakanui ake i ngā momo kai auau, me te whakaiti i ngā whanonga tino whakawhāiti.
– Te pumau o ngā tohu ora me te whakapai ake i ngā mamae tinana.
– Te piki haere mārire o te taumaha e ai ki ngā whāinga hauora.
– He pai ake te wairua, he iti iho te manukanuka, ā, he nui ake te hihiri mō te whakaora.
– I te wā e hapu ana: e tika ana te tipu o te kukune i roto i te pēpi mō te tau o te haputanga, ā, kāore he tohu o te IUGR me ngā raruraru nui rānei.
Ki te kore he ahunga whakamua, ki te puta rānei he tohu o te āhuatanga ohorere, me whakanui ake e te kaiwhakawhanau te kaha o ngā tukunga mai, me te whakarite hoki kia whiwhi te kiritaki i te tiaki motuhake.
Whakamutunga
Ko te whakahaere i te mate koretake e hiahiatia ana he pūkenga haumanu, he whakawhitiwhiti kōrero whakaora, me te mahi tahi a ngā tohunga ngaio. He mahi nui tā ngā kaiwhakawhanau ki te kimi wawe, ki te aromatawai whānui, ki te ako kai haumaru, ki te tautoko hinengaro-pāpori, me te aroturuki i te whaea me te tamaiti i te wā e hapu ana. Mā te huarahi whānui me te aroha, ka taea e te tiaki kaiwhakawhanau te āwhina i te aukati i ngā raruraru nui me te tautoko i te whakaora tonu i te hauora tinana me te hinengaro o te kiritaki.
