Ngā Whakaaro o Al Farabi mō te Rapunga Whakaaro Tōrangapū
Pendahuluan
Ko Al-Farabi, e mōhiotia ana ko Abu Nasr Muhammad al-Farabi, tētahi o ngā tohunga whakaaro nui rawa atu o te ao Ihirama tawhito, ā, he nui āna takoha ki ngā momo mara ako, tae atu ki te rapunga whakaaro tōrangapū. I whānau mai i te tau 870 i Farab, i Kazakhstan o ēnei rā, ā, i mate i te tau 950 i Ramahiku, e mōhiotia ana a Al-Farabi i te Hauāuru ko "Alpharabius." He rongonui ia mō āna mahi ki te whakataurite i ngā whakaakoranga o te Aristotelianism me te Neoplatonism ki te karakia Ihirama. Ko ōna whakaaro mō te rapunga whakaaro tōrangapū e tuku ana i ngā māramatanga hohonu e pā ana ki ēnei rā.
Te awe o Aristotle rāua ko Plato
Hei mārama ki ngā whakaaro tōrangapū a Al-Farabi, he mea nui kia mōhio ki te awe o ngā tino tangata e rua: a Plato rāua ko Aristotle. He tangata i aroha a Al-Farabi ki ngā mahi a Plato rāua ko Aristotle, ā, he whakatutukitanga whakamiharo āna mahi ki te whakauru i ngā whakaaro o ēnei tohunga whakaaro e rua ki roto i te horopaki Ihirama.
I roto i tana mahi "Ara Ahl al-Madina al-Fadila" ara "Ngā Whakaaro o ngā Kainoho o te Tāone Tino Pai," i whakawhanakehia e Al-Farabi te ariā o "Madina al-Fadila" ara "Te Tāone Matua," i tino awehia e te "Politeia" (Repupirika) a Plato. Pērā i a Plato, i hiahia a Al-Farabi ki te hanga i tētahi hapori tino pai e tutuki ai i ia tangata āna whāinga i roto i te tika me te pai.
Ariā o te Tāone Matua
Ko te putanga a Al Farabi mō te Tāone Matua he hapori tino pai e arahina ana e "al-Hakim" he rangatira whakaaro nui, he rangatira mātau hoki. Ki tā Al Farabi titiro, me noho te rangatira hei tangata ehara i te mea he tohunga noa iho ki ngā pūtaiao o te ao, engari he māramatanga wairua hohonu hoki tōna, he mōhiotanga hoki ki te ture atua. E kiia ana he wairua ma te hunga rangatira pēnei, ā, e mōhio ana ki te pono tuturu, nā te mea he whakaata te rangatira i te Atua i runga i te whenua.
I whakatūria hoki te Tāone Nui i runga i ngā mātāpono o te tika me te ngākau pono. Me whai wāhi ia tangata o te hapori ki tētahi mahi e ai ki ō rātou pūmanawa, me te whai wāhi ki te pai whānui, he rite ki te ariā a Plato mō te "iwi." E ai ki a Al-Farabi, ka taea anake te whakatutuki i tētahi oranga harikoa me te rangimārie mā te tikanga tōrangapū pai me te kāwanatanga tika.
Ngā Āhuatanga o te Kaiārahi Pai Rawa
I roto i te horopaki o te rapunga whakaaro tōrangapū a Al-Farabi, ko te kaiārahi matua, ko te "Imam" rānei, he tino tangata nui e tino hiahiatia ana mō te āhua kāwanatanga pai rawa atu. Me nui atu tēnei kaiārahi i te rangatira o te ao noa iho; me noho ia hei kaiako, hei kaiārahi wairua hoki mō tōna iwi.
I whakanui a Al Farabi i te hiranga o te matatika i roto i te kaiārahi. I whakapono ia, me mau i te kaiārahi ngā āhuatanga o te whakaaro nui, te kaha, te ngāwari, me te pono. Hei tāpiri, me mau i te kaiārahi te mātauranga hōhonu i roto i ngā momo mara, tae atu ki te pūtaiao, te karakia, me ngā tikanga matatika. Ki te kore he mātauranga me te whakaaro nui, e kore e taea e te kaiārahi te mārama me te pupuri i te tika pono.
Te Rerekētanga Hapori
I roto i ana whakaaro mō te rapunga whakaaro tōrangapū, i whakaurua mai hoki e Al Farabi te ariā o te wehewehenga i roto i te hapori. Pērā i te tinana tangata, he mahi motuhake, he mahi nui hoki tā ia okana, waihoki he mahi motuhake tā ia tangata i roto i te hapori hei whakatutuki mā rātou mō te pai whānui. I roto i tēnei whakaaro, i whakanui a Al Farabi kāore i te rite ngā kaha o ia tangata, nō reira, he mea nui te wehewehenga o te mahi me te kawenga.
Heoi, kaua ēnei rerekētanga e waiho hei take mō te hē, te tukino rānei. I whakanui a Al-Farabi i te hiranga o te tiaki i ngā tika o ia tangata, ā, i kī ia ko te tika te tūāpapa o tētahi tikanga tōrangapū pai. Me hoatu he whai wāhitanga ki ia tangata ki te whakawhanake i tōna pūmanawa katoa i roto i ngā rohe tika me te tika.
Te Tūranga o te Mātauranga
Ko tētahi wāhanga nui o te whakaaro o Al Farabi mō te rapunga whakaaro tōrangapū ko te tūranga o te mātauranga. I whakapono ia ko te mātauranga te taputapu matua hei whakatutuki i ngā whāinga tōrangapū me ngā whāinga pāpori. Ka āwhina te mātauranga i te tangata ki te whakawhanake i ō rātou pūmanawa me te mōhio ki ō rātou tūranga i roto i te hapori. He huarahi anō hoki te mātauranga hei hanga i te āhua o te kaiārahi pai, he whakaaro nui, he tika.
I roto i tēnei horopaki, i whakanuia e Al Farabi te hiranga o te mātauranga matatika me te mātauranga ōkawa, hei tāpiri atu ki te mātauranga ōkawa. I whakapono ia ko te mātauranga matatika te mea nui ki te waihanga i ngā tāngata whai tikanga me te kawenga teitei, ā, mā tēnei ka waihanga i tētahi hapori rangimārie, tika hoki.
Te Tikanga Tōrangapū i roto i te Horopaki Ihirama
I ngana anō a Al-Farabi ki te whakatakoto i tētahi tikanga tōrangapū pai rawa atu i roto i te horopaki Ihirama. I whakapono ia kāore ngā mātāpono tōrangapū tika e whakahē i ngā whakaakoranga Ihirama. Engari, i whai ia ki te whakataurite i ngā mātāpono tōrangapū Aristotle me Platonic ki te karakia Ihirama.
E ai ki a Al-Farabi, ko te ture atua, ko te sharia rānei, te aratohu matua mō te whakatū i tētahi tikanga tōrangapū tika. Ko te ture atua, i kitea e ia he whakaata i te whakaaro nui me te tika o te Atua, me waiho hei tūāpapa mō ngā āhuatanga katoa o te kāwanatanga. Nō reira, me mārama hohonu ngā kaiārahi ki te ture atua hei pupuri i te tika pono i roto i te hapori.
Whakamutunga
Nā ngā whakaaro o Al-Farabi mō te rapunga whakaaro tōrangapū i tuku he mahere whānui, whānui hoki mō te waihanga i tētahi hapori tino pai. Mā te whakauru i ngā whakaakoranga a Aristotle, Plato, me ngā mātāpono Ihirama, i angitu a Al-Farabi ki te waihanga i tētahi tirohanga tōrangapū ahurei, pumau hoki. Ko te ariā o te Tāone Nui, ngā āhuatanga o tētahi kaiārahi tino pai, te tūranga o te mātauranga, me te hiranga o te ture atua ētahi o ngā wāhanga matua o te whakaaro tōrangapū a Al-Farabi.
Ahakoa i puta mai te whakaaro o Al-Farabi i roto i te horopaki o te rautau 10, kei te kitea tonu tōna hiranga i ēnei rā. He tirohanga hohonu, he tirohanga whai kiko hoki tēnei whakaaro mō te hanga i tētahi tikanga tōrangapū tika, taurite hoki, he mea e tino hiahiatia ana i roto i te ao hou, e pāngia ana e ngā raruraru matatika me ngā raruraru tōrangapū. Nō reira, ko te taonga tuku iho hinengaro o Al-Farabi i roto i te rapunga whakaaro tōrangapū he puna whakahihiko nui tonu mō ngā reanga o muri mai.
