Rangahau Whaipara Tangata i ngā Rohe Pakanga
He maha ngā wā e kiia ana te whaipara tangata he kaupapa rangimārie, he kaupapa marino, e ki ana i te tūhuratanga o ngā wāhi tawhito e marara ana puta noa i te ao. Heoi, i ētahi wā me mahi ngā tohunga whaipara tangata i raro i ngā āhuatanga kāore i te tino pai, pērā i ngā rohe pakanga. He wero anō hoki kei roto i ngā rangahau whaipara tangata i ngā rohe e pāngia ana, e pāngia ana rānei e te pakanga ā-pū, engari ka huaki anō hoki ngā tatau ki te māramatanga hohonu ake ki ngā āhuatanga pāpori, ōhanga, me te tōrangapū o mua me ō rātou pānga ki tēnei wā.
Kupu Whakataki: Te Hiranga me ngā Wero
He mea nui rawa te rangahau whaipara tangata i ngā rohe pakanga. He maha ngā wāhi whaipara tangata nui kei roto i ngā rohe e pāngia ana e te pakanga i tēnei wā, i mua rānei. Kei roto i ēnei wāhi ngā mōhiohio ehara i te mea mō te pakanga tonu anake, engari mō te oranga o ngā hapori e pā ana ki aua wāhi.
Heoi, he nui rawa ngā wero e pā ana ki ngā tohunga whaipara tangata i roto i tēnei horopaki. Ko ngā āhuatanga haumaru kore pumau, ngā mōrearea ki te oranga me te haumaru o ngā tīma rangahau, me te kino pea, te ngaronga rānei o ngā taonga nā te tutu, te pahua rānei, he torutoru noa iho ēnei o ngā arai maha e pā ana. Hei tāpiri, he wero matatika me te morare e pā ana ki te whakamahi i ngā wāhi whaipara tangata i roto i ngā āhuatanga ngoikore.
Hītori o te Rangahau Whaipara Tangata i ngā Rohe Pakanga
Ehara i te mea hou te rangahau whaipara tangata i ngā rohe pakanga. Hei tauira, i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, he maha ngā wāhi whaipara tangata i Ūropi i pakaru, i whakangaromia rānei e te pakanga. Heoi, i taua wā anō, i kitea anō hoki ētahi kitenga nui, pērā i te kitenga o ngā Pukapuka o te Moana Mate i te Middle East i te tau 1947, he torutoru noa ngā tau i muri i te mutunga o te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao.
Ahakoa te pakanga tonu, kei te haere tonu ētahi rangahau keri whenua. Hei tauira, kei te haere tonu ngā kitenga keri whenua i Irāki me Hiria ahakoa ngā tūmomo riri mai i ngā rōpū mau pū. He maha ngā wā me mahi tahi ngā kaimātai keri whenua me te ope taua, te kāwanatanga, me ngā whakahaere kāwanatanga kore (NGO) hei whakarite i tō rātou haumaru me te tiaki i ngā taonga mai i te kino, i te pahua rānei.
Tikanga Rangahau me te Huarahi
Ko ngā wero ahurei o te rangahau i ngā rohe pakanga e hiahia ana ki ngā tikanga me ngā huarahi ahurei. Me ngāwari te huarahi a ngā tohunga whaipara tangata. Anei ētahi tikanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana:
1. Huarahi kore-whakaekenga:
- Ngā hangarau pēnei i te Radar Whakauru-Whenua (GPR), LiDAR, me te pūoko mamao ka taea e ngā kairangahau te tiki whakaahua o ngā wāhi keri whenua me te kore e hiahiatia he keri ka nui ake ngā mōrearea. Mā te whakamahinga o ēnei hangarau ka whakaitihia hoki te mōrearea o te kino ā-tinana ki te wāhi.
2. Tātaritanga Whenua me te Mahere Mamati:
– E whakamahia ana te mahere whenua ā-whenua me te GIS (Ngā Pūnaha Mōhiohio Whenua) hei hoahoa me te tuhi i ngā wāhi whaipara tangata i ngā wāhi whakaraerae. Ka taea e te tātari GIS te āwhina ki te tautuhi i ngā tauira pakanga me te pānga ki ngā wāhi whaipara tangata.
3. Te Mahi Ngātahi me ngā Hapori o te Rohe:
– Ka mahi tahi ngā tohunga whaipara tangata me ngā tāngata whenua o te rohe ki te tiki atu i ngā mōhiotanga hōhonu mō ngā wāhi e kore pea e kitea, me te whakarite kia whakahaerehia ngā rangahau i runga anō i ngā tikanga me ngā uara o te rohe. He mea nui anō hoki te whai wāhi a te hapori ki te tiaki i ngā wāhi mai i te pahua me te kino.
4. Te Whakangungu me te Tirotiro:
– Mā te whakaako me te whakangungu i ngā tīma me ngā hapori o te rohe ki ngā tikanga taketake o te keri whenua ka āwhina i te kohikohi raraunga tika ake, me te whakapiki ake i te mōhiotanga ki te hiranga o te tiaki i ngā wāhi keri whenua.
Akoranga Take: Hiria me Irāki
Ko tētahi o ngā tauira tino whakamiharo o te rangahau whaipara tangata i ngā rohe pakanga ka kitea i Hiria me Irāki, e rua ngā whenua kua roa nei e noho ana hei wāhi pakanga mau pū. Ko ngā wāhi hītori pērā i a Palmyra i Hiria me te tāone tawhito o Ninewe i Irāki kua pāngia e te kino nui nā te pakanga.
I Hiria, kei te mahi tahi ngā whakahaere o te ao pēnei i a UNESCO me ngā whare wānanga maha ki te tuhi me te tiaki i ngā wāhi whai hua. Kua whakamahia ngā hangarau matihiko pēnei i te whakatauira 3D me te whakaahua-ira hei hanga anō i ngā wāhi kua pakaru. I Irāki, kei te mahi tahi ngā rōpū tohunga whaipara tangata mai i ngā whenua maha ki te whakaora me te tiaki i ngā wāhi mā roto i ngā kaupapa rangahau me te tiaki i ngā wāhi.
Haunga te mahi i ngā mahi hangarau me ngā mahi whakahaere kua whakaahuatia i runga ake nei, kei roto hoki i ngā rangahau i ēnei wāhanga ngā whiriwhiringa uaua me te mahi tahi a ngā rāngai maha e uru ana ngā kāwanatanga ā-rohe, ngā ope taua haumaru, me ngā whakahaere o te ao.
Pānga Hapori me te Pānga Tōrangapū
Ehara i te mea he kaupapa rangahau noa iho ngā wāhi keri whenua i ngā rohe pakanga, engari he tohu tuakiri me te taonga tuku iho anō hoki mō ngā hapori o te rohe. Mā te tiaki me te whakaora i ngā wāhi keri whenua i ngā rohe pakanga ka taea te whakamahi hei huarahi mō te houhanga rongo me te whakaoranga i muri i te pakanga.
I ngā wā maha, kua riro te whakaora o ngā wāhi keri whenua hei tohu mō ngā mahi whānui ake ki te hanga anō i te wairua o te noho noa me te hapori. Hei tauira, i Afghanistan, ko te whakaora o ngā Buddha Bamiyan, i whakangaromia e te Taliban, kua riro hei tohu mō te kaha me te manawanui o ngā ahurea o te rohe.
Heoi anō, kei reira anō ngā pānga kino me whai whakaaro. Ko te whakamahi kino i ngā wāhi keri whenua, ahakoa mō te moni, mō te taha tōrangapū rānei, ka arahi pea ki ngā pakanga hou, ā, ka whakanui ake i ngā āhuatanga ngoikore kua pāngia kē. Nō reira, me āta whakahaere ngā rangahau keri whenua i ngā wāhi pakanga, i runga i ngā mātāpono matatika pakari, me te whakauru i ngā kaipupuri katoa e tika ana.
Whakamutunga
He mahi wero te rangahau whaipara tangata i ngā rohe pakanga, engari kei roto hoki te pūmanawa mō ngā māramatanga hōhonu ki ngā āhuatanga o mua me tōna pānga ki tēnei wā. Mā te whakamahi i ngā hangarau matatau me ngā huarahi mahi tahi, ka taea e ngā tohunga whaipara tangata te whakahaere rangahau whai tikanga ahakoa i roto i ngā āhuatanga kore pumau me te morearea.
Mā te rangahau me te tiaki i ēnei wāhi, ehara i te mea ka ako noa tātou i te hītori engari ka whakapakari hoki i te tuakiri, te ahurea, me ngā mahi whakahou i ngā hapori e pāngia ana e te pakanga. Ahakoa he uaua ngā wero, he nui ngā painga ka puta, ehara i te mea mō te pūtaiao anake engari mō te tangata whānui.
