Te Whaipara Tangata i te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Āhia me ngā Kitenga Hira
He rohe a Āhia ki te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti he nui ōna hītori whai rawa, he matatini hoki. He maha ngā ahurea me ngā iwi tawhito i tupu i tēnei rohe, ā, i mahue iho ngā taonga tuku iho, ngā temepara, ngā tuhituhinga, me ētahi atu wāhi whaipara tangata he mea nui ki te mārama ki te hītori o te tangata. Kua hurahia e te whaipara tangata i Āhia ki te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti he maha ngā kitenga kua whakarerekē i tō tātou māramatanga ki te hītori o te rohe.
Te Whanaketanga o te Arorangi i te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Āhia
I tīmata te aro nui ki te whaipara tangata i te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Āhia i te mutunga o te rautau 19 me te tīmatanga o te rautau 20, inā koa i te taenga mai o ngā kairangahau Pākehā. Ko tētahi tauira ko te kitenga o te Temepara o Borobudur i Initonīhia e Tā Thomas Stamford Raffles i te tau 1814. I taua wā, i Thailand, ka tīmata te aro nui ki ngā take whaipara tangata i te mutunga o te rautau 19 me te kitenga o ētahi tuhinga tawhito me ētahi atu wāhi i muri mai i kitea ko ngā toenga o te iwi Dvaravati.
I te haurua tuarua o te rautau 20, ka piki haere te whanaketanga o ngā mahi keri whenua i te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Āhia, me te whai wāhi mai o ngā tohunga keri whenua o te rohe ki te whakauru i ngā tikanga rangahau hou ki ngā mātauranga tuku iho. He maha ngā whare rangahau keri whenua kua whakatūria ki ngā whenua maha o te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Āhia, ā, kei te haere tonu te rangahau me te keri whenua hei hura i te hītori o te rohe.
Ngā Kitenga Hira i roto i ētahi Whenua
Indonesia
1. Te Temepara o Borobudur:
Kei Magelang, Central Java, te Temepara o Borobudur, he temepara Buddhist i hangaia i te rautau 8-9, ā, ko tētahi o ngā wāhi ahurea tino nui o Indonesia. He nui ngā taipitopito o ngā whakairo e kōrero ana i ngā kōrero mō te oranga o Buddha, ā, e whakaatu ana i te nui o ngā kōrero mō Buddha. te oranga pāpori me te whakapono i taua wā.
2. Pae o Sangiran:
Kei te pokapū o Java te wāhi o Sangiran, tētahi o ngā wāhi nui rawa atu o te ao mō ngā mahi a te tangata. Kei roto i ngā kitenga i Sangiran ko ngā kōiwi tawhito o te Homo erectus, e whakarato ana i ngā kōrero nui mō te whanaketanga o te tangataKa whakarei ake hoki tēnei pae i te māramatanga ki te taiao. ngā taunekeneke tawhito me te tangata me te pūnaha rauropi e karapoti ana.
Thailand
1. Ban Chiang:
He wāhi whaipara tangata nui a Ban Chiang, kei te Porowini o Udon Thani, Thailand, he rongonui mō āna mea uku mai i te Wā Parahi. Nā ngā kitenga i Ban Chiang kua huri ngā tirohanga pūtaiao maha mō whanaketanga hangarau ngā kōrero o mua i te tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Āhia me ngā taunekeneke i waenga i ngā hapori i taua wā.
2. Sukhothai:
Hei tāone matua tuatahi o te Kīngitanga o Sukhothai, kei roto i te wāhi o Sukhothai, he Pae Tuku Iho o te Ao UNESCO ināianei, ngā ururua o ngā temepara, ngā whakapakoko o Buddha, me ngā taonga tuku iho. He nui ngā kōrero a Sukhothai mō te whanaketanga o ngā toi, ahurea, me te whakapono i Thailand i ngā rautau 13 ki te 15.
Kamboja
1. Angkor Wat:
Ko Angkor Wat i Sim Reap tētahi o ngā whare temepara nui rawa atu, rongonui hoki o te ao. I hangaia e Kingi Suryavarman II i te rautau 12, ko Angkor Wat tētahi o ngā whare rangatira o te hoahoanga Khmer, e whakaatu ana i ngā taipitopito o te ahurea me te whakapono Hindu i roto i te horopaki o te hītori o Cambodia. Nā ngā kitenga me ngā rangahau anō ki Angkor Wat i whakarei ake i tō tātou māramatanga ki ngā mahi tōrangapū, ōhanga, me te wairuatanga o Cambodia i tēnei wā.
2. Te Temepara o Preah Vihear:
Kei te rohe i waenganui i a Cambodia me Thailand, i hangaia tēnei temepara i te rautau 11 me te tīmatanga o te rautau 12. He nui ngā kōrero a Preah Vihear mō te hoahoanga Khmer, ā, he tohutoro nui hoki hei mārama ki te horapa o te Hinitū ki te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Āhia.
Vietnam
1. Dong Son:
E mōhiotia ana te wāhi nei mō āna taonga parahi, tae atu ki ngā pahu parahi rongonui, he tohu mō te mana pāpori. Ko ngā kitenga i Dong Son e whakaatu ana i te taumata tiketike o ngā pūkenga whakarewa i te rohe me te tūranga nui o Vietnam i roto i ngā whatunga hokohoko moana o Āhia ki te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti.
2. Taku Tama:
He whare karakia Hinitū a My Son nō te iwi o Champa. Kei Quang Nam, Vietnam, ka kitea te awe o te Hinitū ki te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Āhia, tae atu ki te hoahoanga ahurei me ngā toi o Champa.
Philippines
1. Ipu Manunggul:
He ipu tanumanga tēnei i kitea i roto i te Ana o Manunggul, Palawan. E whakaatu ana te ipu i ngā āhua tangata e rua e hoe ana i tētahi poti, ā, he taunakitanga nui tēnei mō ngā tikanga tanumanga o mua me ngā whakapono wairua i ngā Philippines.
2. Ngā Moutere o Masbate:
He nui ngā taonga tuku iho i ngā wāhi keri whenua o ngā Moutere o Masbate e whakaatu ana i te oranga pāpori, ngā tikanga whakapono, me ngā hangarau o ngā tāngata whenua o Filipino i mua i te awe o te koroni.
Te Awe o ngā Kitenga Whaipara Tangata ki te Māramatanga Hītori me te Ahurea
Ka whakaratohia e ēnei kitenga keriwhenua he māramatanga whai hua ki ngā āhuatanga maha o te ao o mua, tae atu ki ngā hanganga pāpori, ngā whakapono whakapono, te hangarau, me ngā taunekeneke i waenga i ngā hapori. Ka āwhina ēnei ki te whakautu i ngā pātai mō ngā takenga mai o ngā hapori, te whanaketanga ahurea, me te hekenga me te hokohoko i waenga i ngā rohe.
Ōhanga me te Tauhokohoko
Ko ngā kitenga pērā i ngā taonga uku i Ban Chiang, i ngā pahu parahi rānei i Dong Son e tohu ana i te noho o ngā whatunga hokohoko whānui i te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Āhia mai i ngā wā onamata. E whakaatu ana ēnei taonga kāore te iwi o te rohe i noho mokemoke, engari i uru atu ki te whakawhitiwhiti taonga me ngā whakaaro me ētahi atu hapori i Āhia me tua atu hoki.
Ngā Pūnaha Whakapono me te Wairuatanga
Ko te kitenga o ngā temepara, ngā tuhituhinga, me ngā taonga tuku iho whakapono pērā i ērā i Borobudur, i Angkor Wat, me My Son e whakarato ana i te māramatanga ki ngā pūnaha whakapono me te wairuatanga o ngā hapori o mua o Āhia ki te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti. Hei tauira, he nui te awe o ngā ahurea Hindu me Buddhist, ā, i waiho i ngā tohu e kitea tonutia ana i ēnei rā, i roto i ngā hoahoanga nui me ngā mahi whakapono o ia rā.
Hangarau me te Toi
Ko ngā wāhi me ngā taonga tuku iho i kitea i te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Āhia e whakaatu ana i te hangarau me te toi kua tino whanake. Ko te ipu Manunggul mai i ngā Philippines, te pahu parahi mai i Dong Son, me ngā whakairo ātaahua i Sukhothai me Borobudur e whakaatu ana i te pūkenga toi me te hangarau teitei. E whakaatu ana hoki ēnei tūhuratanga i te mātauranga whānui ki te whakarewa, te ahuwhenua, me te hoahoanga.
Te Whai Wāhitanga o te Hapori ā-Rohe
Ko tētahi wāhanga nui o te whanaketanga o te whaipara tangata o ēnei rā ko te whai wāhi a ngā hapori o te rohe ki te rangahau me te tiaki i ngā taonga tuku iho. Ehara i te mea ka āwhina noa tēnei ki te tiaki i ngā taonga tuku iho me ngā wāhi, engari ka whakapakari anō hoki i te tuakiri ahurea me te hītori o ēnei hapori.
Whakamutunga
Kua hurahia e te whaipara tangata i te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Āhia he maha ngā kitenga e whakarei ake ana i tō tātou māramatanga ki te hītori o te rohe. Mai i Borobudur i Indonesia ki Angkor Wat i Cambodia, me Ban Chiang i Thailand me Dong Son i Vietnam, ka tāpirihia e ia kitenga tētahi atu paparanga ki te hītori me te ahurea uaua o te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Āhia. Ehara i te mea ka āwhina noa te rangahau whaipara tangata i a tātou ki te mārama ki te hītori o mua engari ka whakarato hoki i te horopaki mō te aromatawai i te tuakiri me te whanaketanga ahurea me te pāpori o ngā hapori hou. He takoha nui ēnei kitenga ki te pūtaiao me te ahurea o te ao, e whakaatu ana i te uara o te mahi tahi o te ao me te rohe i roto i te whaipara tangata.
