Te Whakaaturanga me te Hanganga o te Tuakiri i roto i te Pāpāho
He mahi nui tā ngā pāpāho—ā-tuku iho, ā-matihiko hoki—ki te hanga i te āhua o tā tātou tirohanga ki a tātou anō me ētahi atu. Ko ngā mea e kiia ana e tātou he "noa," he "pai," he "ātaahua," he "angitu," he "mōrearea" rānei, he maha ngā wā ka awehia e ngā kōrero, ngā whakaahua, me ngā tohu e whakahuatia tonutia ana i roto i te pouaka whakaata, i te kiriata, i te pānuitanga, i ngā purongo, i te puoro, tae noa ki ngā pāpāho pāpori. I roto i tēnei horopaki, he mea nui ngā kōrero mō te whakaaturanga me te hanganga tuakiri nā te mea e whakamārama ana i te whakaata a ngā pāpāho i te mooni, engari e whai wāhi ana hoki ki te hanganga o te mooni pāpori.
Te Mārama ki te Whakaaturanga: Ngā Pāpāho hei Kaihanga Tikanga
Ka taea te mārama ki te whakaaturanga hei huarahi e whakaatu ai ngā pāpāho i tētahi rōpū, i tētahi huihuinga, i tētahi whakaaro rānei mā te reo, ngā tirohanga, me ngā tikanga kōrero motuhake. Kāore ngā pāpāho e "tārua" noa i te ao tūturu. Kei roto i ia tukanga whakaputa pāpāho ngā kōwhiringa: ko te mea e whakaaturia ana, ko wai ka hoatu he reo, ko wai te tirohanga e tangohia ana, me ngā uara e whakauruhia ana. Ka puta mai i ēnei kōwhiringa ngā tikanga e whai pānga ana ki te tirohanga a te marea.
Hei tauira, ina whakaatu pinepine ngā purongo hara i ngā kaihara nō ētahi momo papamuri (hei tauira, te hunga o te akomanga ōhanga iti) i te mea he onge te whakaaturanga o te hara kara-mā, ka hono pea te marea he rite te hara ki tētahi rōpū motuhake. Waihoki, i roto i ngā kiriata, i ngā opera hōpī rānei, he maha ngā wā ka whakaatuhia ngā kiripuaki "pai" me ētahi āhuatanga tirohanga (he mā, he kiri mā, he mātau), ko ngā kiripuaki "kino" "kōmeke" rānei he maha ngā wā ka whakawhiwhia ki ngā āhuatanga e whakaoho ana i ngā momo whakaaro. Ka huri ngā whakaaturanga maha hei momo "pono" i roto i ngā hinengaro o te hunga mātakitaki nā te mea he āhua tūturu nā te auau o te whakaaturanga.
Tuakiri: He mea i hangaia, ehara i te mea i hoatu noa
He maha ngā wā ka whakaarohia te tuakiri he mea tūturu—hei tauira, te ira tangata, te iwi, te whakapono, te karaehe pāpori, te iwi whenua rānei. Heoi, i roto i ngā rangahau pāpāho me ngā tikanga ahurea, ka mārama te tuakiri he mea i hangaia mā roto i ngā tukanga pāpori, ngā whiriwhiringa, me te horopaki hītori. Ehara i te mea ko "ko wai ahau" anake te tuakiri, engari ko "te tirohanga a te iwi ki ahau" me "te āhua o taku whakaatu i ahau anō."
He mahi nui tā te pāpāho i roto i tēnei tukanga, e whakarato ana i te reo me ngā tauira hei whakaatu i te tuakiri. Ka ako tātou me pēhea te noho "tāne" me te "wahine", me pēhea te āhua "ngaio", me pēhea te noho i tētahi momo noho "hou", tae atu ki te noho "hauora" mā roto i ngā whakaaturanga e mātakitakihia ana e tātou. I tēnei wā o te pāpāho pāpori, kua kaha ake te hanga tuakiri, nā te mea kāore te tangata e mātakitaki noa engari e whakaputa kaha ana hoki i ngā whakaahua whaiaro.
Ngā Tikanga Hanga Tuakiri i roto i te Pāpāho
He maha ngā tikanga matua e hanga ai e te hunga pāpāho te tuakiri:
1. Ngā Whakatakotoranga me te Whakangawaritanga
Ko te momo āhua he whakaahua māmā noa iho o tētahi rōpū. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia e te hunga pāpāho ngā momo āhua nā te mea he ngāwari ki te mārama, ā, he tere hoki te tuku karere. Ko te raruraru, ka whakararu ngā momo āhua i te uaua o te tangata. Ina whakaatuhia tētahi rōpū i roto i tētahi tūranga iti—hei tauira, ko ngā wāhine hei tautoko kare ā-roto, ko ētahi rōpū hei "katakata," ko te hunga rawakore hei "mea e arohaina ana"—ka whakaitihia ō rātou tuakiri ki tētahi taha kotahi.
2. Te Whakahoutanga me te Whakaōrite
Ko ngā whakaaturanga e whakahuatia ana i ngā wā katoa ka kiia he mea noa. Hei tauira, ko ngā paerewa ataahua i roto i ngā pānuitanga e aro nui ana ki ngā tinana kikokore, ki te kiri mārama, me ngā kiri maeneene. Ina kaha ake ēnei kōrero, ko te hunga kāore e eke ki ngā paerewa ka whakaaro he "koretake" he "kore pai" rānei. I tēnei wā, ehara i te mea ko ngā paerewa anake te tohu a te hunga pāpāho engari ka hangaia hoki he pēhanga pāpori kia whai i ngā ture.
3. Te Hanga me te Tirohanga
Ko te whakaahua te huarahi e whakaahua ai ngā pāpāho i tētahi take. Ka taea e ngā pāpāho e rua te pūrongo i te kaupapa kotahi engari ka whakaputa i ngā whakamāramatanga rerekē nā te mea he rerekē ngā koki e whiriwhiria ana e rātou. I roto i te horopaki o te tuakiri, ka whakatauhia e te whakaahua mēnā he rōpū whai mana, he mea rānei e whakawakia ana. Hei tauira, ko te kapinga o tētahi hapori motuhake ka whakaahuatia hei "tūkino matatika" hei "rōpū e whawhai ana mō ngā tika". He pānga nui tēnei ki te mārama o te marea ki te tuakiri o taua rōpū.
4. Te Whakakorenga me te Ngaro
He momo whakaaturanga anō hoki te kore e whakaaturia. Ina he onge te puta o ētahi rōpū ki ngā pāpāho matua, ka "ngaro" rātou i roto i te hinengaro pāpori. Nā te kore e kitea, ka kore e whai tikanga, ka kore rānei e whai tikanga ō rātou wheako. Ka pā tēnei ki ngā kaupapa here, ngā whai wāhitanga, me te mana pāpori e whakawhiwhia ana ki a rātou.
5. Te Hokohoko i te Tuakiri
He maha ngā wā ka hokohokohia te tuakiri e ngā umanga pāpāho me ngā umanga ahurea. Ka taea te tango me te hoko i ngā tohu ahurea, ngā momo kākahu, ngā kupu whakakatakata, ngā whakapuakitanga rānei o tētahi hapori hei auahatanga. I tētahi taha, ka taea e tēnei te whakawhānui ake i te whakaae a te hapori. Heoi, i tētahi atu taha, he maha ngā wā ka mukua e te hokohoko te horopaki, ā, ka raru pea i muri i taua tuakiri, ka whakakapia ki ngā āhuatanga ataahua noa iho.
Pāpāho Pāpori: Te Tuakiri hei Kaupapa Whakahaere Tonu
Ahakoa ko ngā umanga nunui te hunga e whakahaere ana i ngā pāpāho tuku iho, ka taea e ngā tāngata takitahi te hanga i ō rātou ake tuakiri mā te pāpāho pāpori. Heoi, kāore tēnei herekoretanga e puta i ngā wā katoa hei pono. Ka whakahaerehia ngā pāpāho pāpori i runga i te arorau taupū: ko ngā ihirangi e kukume ana i te aro ka tohaina whānuitia. Nō reira, ka whakaatuhia e ngā kaiwhakamahi te putanga hokohoko rawa atu o rātou anō: he hua, he harikoa, he ātaahua, ā, he āhua hou.
Mā tēnei tukanga ka hangaia he "tuakiri mahi"—he mea hanga kia kitea, kia pai ki te tangata, kia mōhiotia hoki. He maha ngā tāngata e tito whakaahua ana, e tito kōrero mō te oranga, e whiriwhiri ana hoki i ngā kaupapa haumaru ā-pāpori hei pupuri i tō rātou ahua. I te wā roa, ka pā tēnei ki te hauora hinengaro, ka whakatupu i te whakataurite pāpori, ā, ka waiho te tuakiri hei taumahatanga hei pupuri.
I taua wā anō, ka hangaia hoki e ngā pāpāho pāpori he wāhi mō te ātete. Ka taea e ngā rōpū i noho tahaetia i mua te hanga hapori, te whakaputa kōrero whakahē, me te tono kia tika ake te māngai. He maha ngā wā ka puta ake ngā kaupapa matihiko, te mātauranga tūmatanui, me ngā nekehanga pāpori mai i tēnei wāhi.
Te Pānga o te Whakaaturanga: Mai i te Tirohanga ki te Hanganga Hapori
Kāore te whakaaturanga e mutu i te taumata tohu. Ka taea e tōna pānga te toro atu ki ngā hanganga pāpori. Ina whakakaha ake ngā pāpāho i ngā whakaahua kino o tētahi rōpū, ka piki ake te whakahāwea, ahakoa he tawai, he kōrero kino, he kaupapa here hē rānei. I tetahi atu taha, ka taea e te whakaaturanga taurite te āwhina i te whakatipu i te aroha me te whakaiti i te whakahāwea.
Hei tauira, i te wāhi mahi, ko te āhua o te "kaiārahi tino pai" he tāne, he māia hoki, ka taea te ārahi i ngā wāhine, i ngā tāngata rānei he rerekē ā rātou momo kaiārahi kia kitea he iti ake te pūkenga. I roto i te mātauranga, ko te whakaaturanga o ngā ākonga "atamai" e ahu mai ana i ētahi momo papamuri ka taea te awe i ngā tumanakohanga a ngā kaiako me ngā whai wāhitanga a ngā ākonga. Arā, he wāhi nui tā te hunga pāpāho ki te whakatau ko wai e kitea ana he "tika" ki te angitu.
Ki te Whakapuaki Tika, Arohaehae Ake
Ko te whakatairanga i te kanorau o te whakaaturanga ehara i te mea ko te whakanui ake i te maha o ngā kiripuaki mai i ngā rōpū motuhake anake, engari ko te hohonu me te tika o te kōrero. Me whakaatu ngā kiripuaki, ngā tino tangata rānei hei tangata katoa: me te pakanga, te mana whakahaere, te uaua, me te wāhi hei tipu. Me whai kawenga tēnei mai i ngā kaihanga pāpāho—engari me te mātauranga arohaehae mai i te hunga whakarongo.
Mā te mātauranga pāpāho tātou e āwhina ki te pātai: Ko wai kei te kōrero? Ko wai ngā painga? He aha ngā momo whakaaro e whakahokia ana? He aha ngā mea e āta waihotia ana? Mā te pātai tonu, kāore tātou e ngāwari ki te whakaae ki ngā whakaaturanga hei pono anake. Ka taea e tātou te mōhio ake kei te ora te tuakiri, kei te paparanga, ā, kei te whiriwhiria tonutia.
Whakamutunga
He tukanga honohono te whakaaturanga me te hanganga o te tuakiri i roto i ngā pāpāho. Mā ngā pāpāho tātou e hanga te māramatanga ki a tātou anō me ētahi atu mā roto i ngā kōwhiringa kōrero, ngā tirohanga, te reo, me te whakahokinga o ngā tohu. Kāore te tuakiri e noho i roto i te āhua kūpapa; ka hangaia mā roto i ngā taunekeneke pāpori, ā, ka awehia e ngā mana ahurea, tōrangapū, me te ōhanga e mahi ana i roto i te umanga pāpāho. I tēnei ao matihiko, kei te piki haere te tuakiri hei kaupapa hei whakaputa me te mahi, me te mara hoki o te pakanga mō te whakamana me te tika.
Mā te mārama ki tēnei tukanga ka taea e tātou te arotake ake i roto i tā tātou whakamahinga pāpāho, me te whai kawenga ake hoki i roto i tā tātou whakaputa ihirangi. Hei whakamutunga, ko te whakaaturanga hauora ehara i te mea ko te whakaata i te kanorau o te hapori anake, engari ka āwhina hoki ki te hanga i tētahi wāhi pāpori ōrite ake—te wāhi e taea ai e ia tuakiri te noho me te kore e herea e ngā momo whakaaro tawhito, me te akiaki kia tutuki i ngā paerewa kore ōrite.
