Tikanga Rangahau Mahi Whai Wāhi i roto i te Anthropology
Pendahuluan
I roto i te ao mātauranga, inā koa i roto i te mātauranga tangata, he mea nui te mahi a ngā tikanga rangahau ki te whakaputa mātauranga whai mana, whai hua hoki. Ko tētahi tikanga kua aro nuitia ko te Rangahau Mahi Whai Wāhi (PAR). Mā tēnei tikanga ka tū ngā kaiuru rangahau hei kaiāwhina kaha, ehara i te mea ko ngā mea e akohia ana. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga te tikanga PAR i roto i te horopaki o te mātauranga tangata, mai i ōna ariā taketake ki tōna whakamahinga i roto i te rangahau mara.
Te Mārama ki te Rangahau Mahi Whai Wāhi (PAR)
Ko te Rangahau Mahi Whai Wāhi (PAR) he huarahi rangahau e aro ana ki te mahi kaha me te whai wāhi a ngā kaiuru rangahau. He rerekē ki ngā tikanga rangahau tuku iho, e whakanoho ana i ngā kaupapa rangahau hei mea kore mahi, ka whakaurua rātou e te PAR ki ngā wāhanga rerekē o te rangahau, mai i te whakamahere ki te whakatinanatanga me te aromatawai. Nō reira, ko te whāinga a te PAR he whakakotahi i te ariā me te mahi, me te whakamahi i ngā mātauranga ā-rohe hei whakatutuki i ngā huringa pāpori.
PAR i roto i te Tirohanga Tangata
Ko te mātauranga tangata hei kaupapa ako he arotahi ki te mārama ki te ahurea me ngā whanonga tangata. He mea nui te whakamahinga o te PAR i roto i te mātauranga tangata nā te mea mā tēnei tikanga ka taea e ngā kairangahau te mahi tahi me ngā hapori ki te mārama ki ō rātou ao pāpori. Mā tēnei huarahi, ehara i te mea ka whiwhi noa ngā kairangahau i ngā raraunga whai kiko me ngā horopaki whānui, engari ka whai wāhi atu hoki ki te whakamana i te hapori ā-rohe.
Ngā Hipanga i roto i te Tikanga PAR
1. Tāutuhia te Raru
Ko te taahiraa tuatahi o te PAR ko te tautuhi raruraru, e whakahaerehia ana e te kairangahau me te hapori. Kei roto i tēnei tukanga he kōrero hōhonu hei whakatau i ngā take tino whaitake me ngā take nui hei rangahau. Ko te tautuhi raruraru e ahu mai ana i ngā tirohanga me ngā wheako o ia rā o te hapori o te rohe.
2. Te Whakamahere
Kia kitea te raruraru, ko te mahi e whai ake nei ko te hanga i tētahi mahere rangahau. Kei roto i tēnei wāhanga ko te whakawhanake i tētahi rautaki mō te kohikohi raraunga me te whakatau i ngā tikanga me ngā taputapu hei whakamahi. I roto i te horopaki o te mātauranga tangata, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā tikanga mātauranga iwi pērā i ngā uiuinga hōhonu, te mātakitaki whai wāhi, me ngā rōpū arotahi.
3. Te Whakatinanatanga Rangahau
Ko tēnei mahi ko te kohikohi raraunga i runga anō i tētahi mahere kua whakaaetia. He mea nui te whai wāhi kaha o te hapori ki konei. Ehara i te mea ko rātou anake ngā puna raraunga engari ko rātou anō hoki ngā kaikohi raraunga. Mā tēnei huarahi ka mōhiotia he tino tika, he whai tikanga hoki ngā mōhiohio kua kohia.
4. Te Tātari me te Whakaaroaro
Kātahi ka tātarihia ngātahitia ngā raraunga kua kohia e ngā kairangahau me te hapori. He mea nui te whakaaroaro arohaehae ki ngā kitenga rangahau i tēnei wā. Mā te tātari tahi ka taea e ngā kairangahau me te hapori te mārama whānui ake ki te raruraru e rangahauhia ana.
5. Mahi
Kātahi ka whakamahia ngā hua o te tātari hei whakatakoto i ngā mahi ka taea e te hapori te mahi hei whakatika i ngā raruraru kua kitea. Ka whakatinanahia ēnei mahi mā te whakauru i ngā mema katoa o te hapori i runga i ō rātou āheinga me ō rātou tūranga.
6. Aromatawai
Ko te taahiraa whakamutunga o te PAR he aromatawai i ngā mahi i mahia. Ehara i te mea ka aromatawaihia noa te angitu o ngā mahi e tēnei aromatawai engari ka tautuhia hoki ngā wāhi hei whakapai ake. Mā te aromatawai whai wāhi ka āwhina i te ako me te whakapai tonu.
Ngā Painga o te Tikanga PAR
1. Te Hiranga Hapori
Mā te whakauru i ngā mema o te hapori ki ia wāhanga o te rangahau, ka whakarite a PAR kia tino whai tikanga, kia whai pānga hoki ngā take e whakahuatia ana ki te hapori. Mā tēnei ka nui ake te whai tikanga me te whai pānga o ngā hua o te rangahau.
2. Whakamana i te Hapori
Mā te PAR ka waihangahia he whai wāhitanga mō ngā mema o te hapori ki te whakawhanake i ō rātou pūkenga, ki te whakanui ake i tō rātou mana whakahaere, me te whakamana i a rātou anō ki te whakatika i ō rātou ake raruraru. He mea nui tēnei i roto i te horopaki tangata, e whai ana ki te tautoko i te pumau me te whakawhirinaki ki a rātou anō o te hapori.
3. Raraunga Whai Hua me te Horopaki
Mā te whai wāhi kaha o te hapori ki te kohikohi raraunga ka taea e ngā kairangahau te whiwhi i ngā mōhiotanga hōhonu, whai kiko, ā, whai horopaki hoki. Ka whakanui ake tēnei i te mana me te pono o ngā raraunga kua riro mai.
4. Ngāwari
He tikanga ngāwari, he tikanga urutau hoki te PAR. Mā tēnei ka taea e ngā kairangahau te whakarerekē i tā rātou huarahi i runga i ngā āhuatanga me ngā āhuatanga o te mara. He tino whai hua tēnei ngāwari i roto i te horopaki o te rangahau tangata, e uru ana ki ngā taurangi uaua, kāore e taea te matapae.
Ngā Wero i roto i te Tikanga PAR
1. Te Wā me ngā Rauemi
He nui ake te wā me ngā rauemi e hiahiatia ana mō te PAR i ērā atu tikanga rangahau. He nui te wā e hiahiatia ana hei hanga whakawhirinaki me te mahi tahi kaha mā te whai wāhi kaha o te hapori, ā, he uaua pea tēnei.
2. Te Mana me te Tauritekore
Ahakoa te whāinga a te PAR ki te whakatika i ngā tauritekore, i roto i te mahi, tera pea kei te noho tonu ngā āhuatanga uaua o te mana i waenga i ngā kairangahau me ngā mema o te hapori. Me āta whakahaere ēnei kia whai wāhi ōrite ai ngā mema katoa o te hapori ki te whai wāhi atu.
3. Te Mana o ngā Raraunga
Ahakoa he nui ngā raraunga whai kiko, whai horopaki hoki e puta mai ana i te PAR, ka uaua pea tōna whai mana mena ka mataku, ka mangere rānei ngā mema o te hapori ki te whakapuaki i ngā kōrero pono. Me waihanga e ngā kairangahau he taiao haumaru, tautoko hoki hei akiaki i te māramatanga me te tuwhera.
Te Whakamahinga o te PAR i roto i ngā Akoranga Take Ā-tangata
Hei tauira tuturu, me whakaaro tātou ki te whakamahinga o te PAR i roto i ngā rangahau mō te tiaki taiao i roto i ngā hapori taketake. I tēnei wā, ko te raruraru kua kitea ko te hekenga o te taiao nā ngā mahi ahuwhenua kore e taea te pupuri. I mahi tahi ngā kairangahau me te hapori taketake ki te whakarite i tētahi rangahau e uru ana ki te kohikohi raraunga mō ngā mahi ahuwhenua tuku iho me ngā mahi ahuwhenua hou.
Mā roto i ngā uiuinga hōhonu me te mātakitaki a te hunga whai wāhi, i kohia ngā raraunga, ā, i tātarihia ngātahitia. I whakaatuhia e te tātaritanga he pai ake te taiao mō ngā mahi ahuwhenua tuku iho, ā, ka taea te whakakotahi me ngā tikanga hou hei whakapiki i te hua me te kore e kino ki te taiao.
I runga i ēnei kitenga, i whakatakotohia e te hapori me ngā kairangahau he mahi tahi hei whakangungu me te toro atu ki ngā tikanga ahuwhenua tauwhiro. I arotakehia ēnei mahi e te hapori i ia wā, tae atu ki ngā urupare me ngā whakapainga tonu.
Whakamutunga
He huarahi whai rawa, hihiri hoki te Rangahau Mahi Whai Wāhi (PAR) ki te rangahau tangata. Mā te whakauru i te whai wāhi kaha o te hapori, ehara i te mea ka puta noa i te PAR he raraunga whai mana me te hohonu ake, engari ka whai wāhi hoki ki te whakamana me te huringa pāpori pai. Heoi, me aro nui ki ngā wero pēnei i te whakahaere wā me ngā rauemi, me ngā nekehanga mana, kia angitu ai te tikanga. I te nuinga, he taputapu kaha te PAR mō te whakauru i te ariā me te mahi hei mārama me te aro ki ngā take pāpori uaua.
Nō reira, mā te tikanga Rangahau Mahi Whai Wāhi (PAR) i roto i te mātauranga tangata ka taea e ngā kairangahau te mārama ake ki ngā āhuatanga pāpori i roto i te huarahi hōhonu me te horopaki. Ko tētahi o ngā tikanga tino whai hua mō te whiwhi mātauranga e tino whai hua ana, e whai pānga ana hoki ki te hapori e akohia ana.
