Te Hononga i waenga i te Whakapono me te Ahurea E ai ki te Anthropology
He kaupapa whakamere tonu ngā kōrero mō te whanaungatanga i waenga i te whakapono me te ahurea i roto i ngā rangahau tangata. Ko te tangata, hei kaupapa e ako ana i te tangata me ō rātou hapori mā roto i ngā tirohanga ahurea me te koiora, he mahi nui tāna ki te mārama ki te taunekeneke me te awe o ēnei huānga e rua tetahi ki tetahi. He maha ngā wā ka kiia te whakapono me te ahurea he mea motuhake, engari i roto i te ao tūturu, he whanaungatanga tino tata, he uaua hoki kei waenganui i a rāua.
Te Whakapono i roto i te Tirohanga Tangata
Ko te whakapono, mai i te tirohanga a te tangata, he pūnaha hōhonu o ngā tohu e hono ana i ngā whakapono, ngā uara, me ngā mahi pāpori i roto i te horopaki hapori. I tautohe a Claude Lévi-Strauss, he tohunga anthropology Wīwī, ko te whakapono te hua o te hanganga honohono o te hinengaro tangata me ngā whakapono taketake.
I tētahi atu taha, i kite a Emile Durkheim, te matua o te hapori pāpori me te tangata matua i roto i te mātauranga tangata, i te whakapono hei momo whakahaere pāpori e whakarato ana i te kotahitanga me te tautoko rōpū. E ai ki a ia, ehara i te mea ko te whakapono anake te mea nui ki tētahi mea teitei ake, engari e whakaata ana hoki i te hiahia o te tangata ki te pupuri i te tikanga pāpori me te matatika i roto i te hapori.
Ahurea hei Horopaki mō te Whakapono
Ko te ahurea te anga whānui e whakahaerehia ai te whakapono. Nā Edward B. Tylor, te kaiwhakaū o te mātauranga ahurea , i whakamārama te ahurea ko "te katoa matatini e uru ana ki te mātauranga, te whakapono, te toi, ngā matatika, te ture, te tikanga, me ētahi atu āheinga me ngā whanonga i riro i te tangata hei mema o te hapori."
Kāore e taea te wehe i te whakapono i te ahurea nā te mea he hua ahurea te whakapono. Hei tauira, he nui te awe o ngā tikanga ahurea o tētahi hapori ki ngā mahi whakapono, ngā kawa, me ngā kawa. Ko ngā whakanuinga whakapono, pērā i ngā marena, ngā tangihanga, me ngā hakari, ka whakauru i ngā āhuatanga o te ahurea ā-rohe, ka motuhake ai, ka wehewehe ai i ētahi atu hapori.
Te Taunekeneke i waenga i te Whakapono me te Ahurea
Ka taea te mārama ki te whanaungatanga i waenga i te whakapono me te ahurea mā roto i ētahi tirohanga matua i roto i te mātauranga tangata:
1. Te Urutaunga Ahurea o te Whakapono: He maha ngā ahurea e whakarerekē ana i ngā mahi whakapono kia rite ki ō rātou āhuatanga whenua, hītori, me te pāpori. Hei tauira, he rerekē ngā tikanga Hindu i Bali i ngā mahi Hindu i Īnia, ahakoa he rite tonu ngā whakapono matua o ēnei e rua. E whakaatu ana tēnei urutaunga i te awe o te ahurea ki te huarahi e whakamahia ai te whakapono i roto i ngā horopaki ā-rohe.
2. Te Whakamana me te Mana Hapori: He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te whakapono hei taputapu hei pupuri i te mana hapori me te whakamana i ngā hanganga mana tōrangapū me te mana ōhanga. I roto i tā rāua ariā pūnaha hapori, e whakanui ana a Talcott Parsons rāua ko Robert Bellah ka taea e te whakapono te awe i te ahurea mā te hanga i tētahi tuakiri kaha ā-rōpū me te tuakiri ture e āwhina ana i te pumau hapori.
3. Te Huringa Ahurea me te Whakahoutanga Whakapono: Ka awe anō hoki ngā whanaketanga pāpori me te huringa ahurea i te whakapono. Hei tauira, kua ara ake ngā nekehanga whakahou i roto i ngā momo whakapono nā ngā tukanga o te ao hou me te ao whānui. Ko ēnei whakahoutanga he urupare ki te hiahia kia whai pānga te whakapono ki te huringa pāpori tere, kia rite hoki ki ngā uara o ēnei rā.
4. Te Whakakotahitanga: Ko te whakakotahitanga te tukanga e whakakotahihia ai ngā huānga o ngā whakapono me ngā ahurea rerekē ki roto i tētahi mahi whakapono, tikanga rānei hou. He tauira pai ko te whakapono Candomblé i Brazil, e whakakotahi ana i ngā huānga o ngā whakapono Āwherika, te Katorika, me te wairuatanga taketake o Brazil. E whakaata ana tēnei whakakotahitanga i te taunekeneke hihiri i waenga i te whakapono me te ahurea i roto i tētahi horopaki hapori kanorau.
Akoranga Take: Te Whakapono me te Ahurea i Initonīhia
He tauira whai rawa a Initonīhia mō te taunekeneke i waenga i te whakapono me te ahurea. Neke atu i te 18.000 ngā moutere o te whenua, me te neke atu i te 300 ngā iwi, he ahurea me ngā mahi whakapono motuhake tō ia motu. Ko te Ihirama, te whakapono nui rawa atu i Initonīhia, e whakaatu ana i te awe me te urutau o te ahurea me te whakapono ā-rohe ki a rātou anō.
Ko tētahi tauira nui ko te tikanga o Maulid Nabi, te whakanui i te whānautanga o te Poropiti Muhammad, he rerekē puta noa i Indonesia. I Java, ka haere tahi tēnei tikanga me te slametan (te tuku inoi), he kawa tuku iho e uru ana ngā karakia me ngā rihi motuhake. I ētahi atu rohe, pērā i a Sulawesi, ka uru pea te kanikani me te puoro ā-rohe ki te whakanui. E whakaatu ana tēnei i te taunekeneke a ngā mahi Ihirama me ngā tikanga ahurea ā-rohe , ka waihanga i ngā momo whakaaturanga whakapono rerekē.
Hei tāpiri atu ki tēnā, i Bali, te wāhi e whakapono ana te nuinga o te taupori he Hindu, ka kite tātou i te urutaunga o te Hindu ki te ahurea o Bali. Ko te kawa Ngaben (tahu tinana) i Bali tētahi tauira e honoa ai te whakapono me te ahurea o te rohe i roto i tētahi kawa e whai kiko ana i ngā tohu me ngā tikanga o te rohe.
Te Pānga o te Ao Hou me te Ao Whānui
Kua kawea mai e te ao hou me te ao whānui ngā wero hou ki te whanaungatanga i waenga i te whakapono me te ahurea. He maha ngā wā ka kawea mai e te ao hou ngā huringa pāpori tere, ka akiaki i te whakapono me te ahurea ki te urutau ki ngā uara me ngā hanganga hou. Ko te ao whānui, me tōna rere noa o ngā mōhiohio, ngā taonga, me ngā tāngata, ka whakauru mai hoki i ngā huānga hou ka taea te awe i ngā tikanga whakapono me ngā tikanga ahurea o te rohe.
Heoi anō, ka taea hoki te kite i ēnei wero hei whai wāhitanga mō te kōrero me te rangimarie i waenga i ngā āhuatanga ahurea me ngā āhuatanga whakapono. Hei tauira, mā te kōrero i waenga i ngā tikanga whakapono rerekē, ka kitea te putanga mai o ngā momo mahi whakapono hou e whānui ake ana, e urutau ana ki te horopaki o ēnei rā.
Whakamutunga
E ai ki te mātauranga tangata, he whatunga uaua te whanaungatanga i waenga i te whakapono me te ahurea, ehara i te mea he wāhanga ahurea anake te whakapono engari he awe, he pānga hoki ki te ahurea e nohoia ana. He maha ngā huarahi e taunekeneke ai te whakapono me te ahurea, mai i te urutau me te whakakotahitanga ki te awe o ngā huringa pāpori-ōhanga o ēnei rā.
Mai i te rangahau i te mātauranga tangata, ka ako tātou he mea nui te mārama ki ēnei whanaungatanga hei maioha ki te kanorau o te whakaaturanga tangata, hei waihanga hoki i ngā hapori whānui ake, manawanui ake hoki. Mā te rangahau anō i te mātauranga tangata ki ēnei taunekeneke ka whakarei ake i tō tātou māramatanga ki te āhua o te hanga tikanga, tuakiri, me te kotahitanga o te tangata i roto i ngā anga pāpori uaua.
