Te Anthropology Hauora me te Whakahaere Mate Urutā
Pendahuluan
Mai i tōna putanga mai i Wuhan, Haina, i te mutunga o te tau 2019, kua pā te mate urutā Covid-19 ki te nuinga o ngā āhuatanga o te oranga tangata puta noa i te ao. Mai i te hauora tinana ki te oranga pāpori me te oranga ōhanga, kua whakamatautauria e te mate urutā ngā pūnaha hauora o te ao, kua hipa i ngā rohe pāpori me te ahurea, ā, kua puta he wero hou mō te hapori hou . I roto i tēnei horopaki, kua puta te mātauranga tangata hauora hei kaupapa nui hei mārama me te aro atu ki tēnei mate urutā. Ka ruku hohonu ake tēnei tuhinga ki te tūranga o te mātauranga tangata hauora i roto i te whakahaere mate urutā me pēhea e taea ai e tēnei tirohanga te whakarato māramatanga me ngā rautaki whai hua ake hei whawhai i te raruraru hauora o te ao.
Te Mārama ki te Anthropology Hauora
Ko te mātauranga tangata hauora, e mōhiotia ana ko te mātauranga tangata-hauora, he wāhanga iti o te mātauranga tangata e ako ana i te pānga o ngā āhuatanga ahurea, pāpori, ōhanga, me te taiao ki te hauora me te mate i roto i ngā hapori maha. Ehara i te mea ko te koiora o te mate anake te mea e hiahia ana ngā tohunga mātauranga tangata hauora, engari ko ngā tirohanga a te tangata ki te hauora, ngā mahi hauora o nāianei, me ngā kaupapa here hauora e whakatinanahia ana i roto i ngā rohe maha.
Hei tāpiritanga, ka tūhuratia hoki e te mātauranga mātauranga hauora te taunekeneke a ngā pūnaha hauora me ngā momo taurangi ahurea hei whakarato i tētahi māramatanga whānui ake mō ngā ariā o te hauora me te mate i roto i ngā horopaki ahurea. Ko te whāinga matua o te mātauranga mātauranga hauora ko te mārama ki te whanaungatanga uaua i waenga i te hauora me tōna horopaki pāpori-ahurea.
Te Tūranga o te Mātauranga Tangata Hauora ki te Whakahaere i te Mate Urutā
1. Te Mārama ki te Horopaki Hapori-Ahurea
Ko tētahi o ngā takoha matua o te mātauranga tangata hauora ko te māramatanga hōhonu ki ngā horopaki pāpori me ngā horopaki ahurea e awe ana i ngā tirohanga me ngā urupare ki te mate. Hei tauira, i roto i te whakahaere i te COVID-19, ka horapa ngā kōrero pakiwaitara me ngā whakaaro hē i waenga i te marea. Ka taea e ngā tohunga mātauranga tangata hauora te āwhina ki te whakamārama me pēhea me te take e pupuri ai ngā rōpū rerekē i ēnei whakapono, me te tuku rautaki whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me te mātauranga whai hua ake e hāngai ana ki te horopaki ahurea o te rohe.
2. Te Tūranga o te Hapori ki te Ārai i ngā Mate
E whakanui ana hoki ngā tohunga tātai tangata hauora i te hiranga o te whakauru i ngā hapori o te rohe ki ngā mahi ārai me te whakahaere i ngā mate. Hei tauira, i roto i te mate urutā Ebola i Āwherika ki te Hauāuru, he nui te awe o ngā whakapono me ngā mahi ā-rohe ki te angitu o ngā wawaotanga hauora. Ko te mātauranga e pā ana ki te ahurea, te mahi tahi me ngā kaiārahi hapori, me te whakarerekētanga o ngā mahi hauora kia rite ki ngā whakapono ā-rohe he wawaotanga whai hua.
3. Ngā Rangahau Whakatutuki i ngā Whakaritenga mō ngā Wawaotanga Hauora
Ko te tutuki a te marea ki ngā tikanga hauora te mea nui ki te whakahaere angitu i te mate urutā. Ka taea e ngā tohunga tātai tangata hauora te ako i ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te tutuki a te marea ki ngā wawaotanga hauora, pēnei i te whakamahinga o te kopare kanohi, te werohanga, me te noho motuhake. Hei tauira, i roto i te horopaki o te COVID-19, he maha ngā pūrongo mō te whakaroa o te werohanga puta noa i ngā hapori. Ka taea e ngā tohunga tātai tangata hauora te tirotiro i ngā take o tēnei whakaroa me te whakarato i ngā taunakitanga hei whakatika.
4. Kaupapahere Hauora e Hangai ana ki te Horopaki
He maha ngā wā kāore i te tino whai hua ngā kaupapa here hauora i hangaia me te kore e whai whakaaro ki te horopaki pāpori-ahurea. Ka taea e ngā tohunga tātai tangata hauora te whakarato tirohanga ki ngā hiahia me ngā tirohanga kanorau o ngā hapori, kia taea ai te whakarite i ngā kaupapa here kia rite ki ō rātou hiahia. Kei roto i tēnei ko te whakawhanake i ngā kaupapa hauora, te hoahoa i ngā whare hauora, me te whakatinana i ngā kaupapa hauora i te whenua.
Akoranga Take: Te Mate Urutā Covid-19 i Initonīhia
He tauira tūturu te mate urutā COVID-19 mō te whakamahinga o te mātauranga tangata hauora hei whakatau i tētahi raruraru hauora. I Indonesia, he wero motuhake te kanorau ahurea me te kanorau whenua ki te whakahaere i te mate urutā.
1. Te Tirohanga me te Whakapono Hē
I te tīmatanga o te mate urutā, he tokomaha ngā tāngata i Indonesia kāore i whakapono he mate kino te Covid-19. Nā ngā kōrero teka i horapa i runga i ngā pāpāho pāpori i kino ake ai tēnei. I taea e ngā tohunga tātai tangata hauora te tautuhi i roto i ētahi hapori, e kitea ana te mate hei hua o ngā āhuatanga wairua, morare rānei. Mā te mārama ki ēnei tirohanga, ka nui ake te whai huatanga o ngā wawaotanga hauora mēnā ka haere tahi me tētahi huarahi e whakaute ana, e whakamārama ana hoki i te pūtaiao hauora i roto i te horopaki o ngā whakapono ā-rohe.
2. Te Whakaroa i te Werohanga
Hei tauira, ko te whakaroa ki te werohanga kano i ētahi rohe o Indonesia te take matua o te kore whakawhirinaki ki te kāwanatanga me ngā whakapono whakapono me ngā whakapono ahurea. Ka taea e ngā tohunga tātai tangata hauora te mahi tahi me ngā kaiārahi whakapono me te hapori ki te whakarato mātauranga e pā ana ki ngā tikanga ahurea me te hanga anō i te whakawhirinaki o te marea ki te kaupapa werohanga kano.
3. Te Whakahaere i ngā Wāhi Tūmatanui
He mahi tā ngā tohunga tātai tangata hauora ki te tautuhi i ngā matea motuhake o ngā hapori i ngā wāhi tūroa, kāore pea i te tino uru atu ki ngā mōhiohio me ngā ratonga hauora. Mā te mārama ki ngā momo noho, ahurea, me ngā whakapono o te rohe, ka taea te whakarite i ngā wawaotanga hauora kia pai ake te toro atu me te whakaaetia e ēnei hapori.
Whakatau me ngā Taunakitanga
Mā te huarahi mātauranga tangata hauora ka kitea ngā māramatanga nui hei āwhina i te whakahaere i te mate urutā kia whai hua ake, kia whānui ake hoki. I runga i ngā āhuatanga pāpori, ahurea, me te ōhanga o ia hapori, he mea nui tēnei huarahi aro ki te kanorau i roto i te horopaki o te hauora o te ao.
Ngā taunakitanga:
1. Te Whakanui Ake i te Mahi Tahi ā-Iwi
He mea nui te mahi tahi a ngā tohunga hauora, ngā kaihanga kaupapa here, me ngā tohunga tātai tangata hauora ki te hoahoa me te whakatinana i ngā wawaotanga whai hua mō te whakahaere i te mate urutā.
2. Mātauranga me te Whakangungu e Pā Ana ki te Ahurea
Me whakauru ki ngā kaupapa mātauranga me ngā kaupapa whakangungu mō ngā kaimahi hauora ngā akoranga mō te aro ki ngā ahurea hei āwhina i a rātou ki te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero pai ake ki ngā tūroro nō ngā momo papamuri rerekē.
3. Rangahau ā-Hapori
Mā te rangahau e uru ana ngā hapori o te rohe ka taea te whakarato i ngā māramatanga hohonu ake mō ngā tirohanga me ngā matea o te hapori, kia taea ai te hanga i ngā wawaotanga hauora e tika ana, e whakaaetia ana hoki.
4. Te Whakamahinga o ngā Pāpāho ā-Rohe
He tino āwhina te whakamahi i ngā pāpāho ā-rohe me ngā kaiārahi whakaaro rongonui ki te hora i ngā kōrero tika me te hanga whakawhirinaki a te marea ki ngā wawaotanga hauora.
Mā te whakauru i te tirohanga mātauranga tangata hauora ki roto i te whakahaere mate urutā, ka taea e tātou te wikitoria i ngā arai ahurea, te whakanui ake i te tutuki a te marea i ngā tikanga hauora, ā, i te nuinga o te wā ka taea te whakarato i tētahi urupare atawhai me te whai hua ake ki te raruraru hauora o te ao.
