Cov hom yas uas feem ntau siv rau hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv kho mob thiab lawv ua li cas
Cov yas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev kho mob niaj hnub no. Ntau yam khoom siv kho mob - los ntawm cov koob txhaj tshuaj pov tseg thiab cov hnab IV mus rau cov raj thiab cov khoom kuaj mob - vam khom cov ntaub ntawv polymer vim tias lawv tsis hnyav, yooj ywm, pheej yig, thiab tuaj yeem tsim ntau nrog qhov zoo sib xws. Ntxiv mus, cov yas tuaj yeem tsim kom tiv taus tshuaj lom neeg, pob tshab, yoog tau, lossis nruj, thiab sib xws nrog cov txheej txheem tua kab mob tshwj xeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua yam yas haum rau kev siv kho mob: kev xaiv hom yas yuav tsum xav txog biocompatibility, cua sov / hluav taws xob tiv taus, kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw ntxiv, thiab cov qauv kev cai.
Cov hauv qab no yog cov hom yas uas siv ntau tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv kho mob nrog rau kev piav qhia txog lawv ua li cas (ob qho tib si kev tsim cov khoom siv thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim lawv ua cov khoom).
1. Polypropylene (PP)
Kev siv ntau: koob txhaj tshuaj (barrels), cov thawv kuaj, cov fwj tshuaj, cov hau pov tseg thiab cov khoom sib xyaw, cov cuab yeej phais yooj yim, cov ntim khoom kho mob.
Cov Zoo: sib dua, ruaj khov, tiv taus tshuaj lom neeg, pheej yig, thiab tiv taus cua sov ua rau nws haum rau qee cov txheej txheem sterilization.
Cov kev txwv: kev tiv thaiv oxygen / thaiv tsis zoo li qee cov yas lwm yam; ntawm qhov kub qis nws tuaj yeem ua rau brittle dua.
Yuav ua li cas los ua cov khoom siv (PP polymer): PP yog ua los ntawm kev polymerization ntawm propylene (ib qho hydrocarbon monomer) siv cov catalyst (piv txwv li, Ziegler-Natta system lossis metallocene) los tsim cov saw polymer nrog cov khoom tswj tau (crystallinity, lub zog, thiab clarity).
Yuav ua li cas los tsim cov khoom kho mob los ntawm PP:
– Kev txhaj tshuaj pwm: Cov pellets PP raug yaj thiab tom qab ntawd txhaj rau hauv pwm kom ua cov khoom siv meej xws li cov khoom siv koob txhaj tshuaj, cov khoom sib txuas, lossis lub hau.
- Extrusion: los ua qee cov ntawv lossis cov profile, txawm hais tias PP feem ntau zoo li yog cov khoom siv khov kho.
- Tshuab pwm: rau qee lub raj mis khoob lossis cov thawv.
2. Polyethylene (PE: HDPE thiab LDPE)
Kev siv dav dav: cov fwj tshuaj (HDPE), cov hnab yas thiab cov ntim khoom yooj ywm (LDPE), cov ntaub liners, qee hom raj yooj yim, cov khoom tiv thaiv.
Qhov zoo: tiv taus tshuaj lom neeg, yooj yim rau kev ua tiav, LDPE yog qhov hloov pauv tau thaum HDPE yog qhov ruaj khov dua, tus nqi pheej yig.
Cov kev txwv: tsis yog txhua hom PE tsim nyog rau qhov kub siab sterilization; cov khoom tiv thaiv roj nruab nrab.
Yuav ua li cas cov khoom siv (PE polymer) ua: PE yog ua los ntawm kev polymerization ntawm ethylene. Qhov sib txawv ntawm HDPE thiab LDPE yog cuam tshuam nrog cov qauv ntawm cov saw polymer (branching) uas cuam tshuam rau qhov ceev thiab kev tawv.
Yuav ua li cas los tsim cov khoom:
- Tshuab pwm: feem ntau rau cov fwj HDPE.
- Zaj duab xis extrusion: rau LDPE hnab lossis qhwv.
- Kev txhaj tshuaj molding: rau cov hau, cov khoom siv yooj yim, lossis cov khoom me me.
3. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Cov kev siv dav dav: cov raj xa ntshav, cov hnab ntshav/IV (keeb kwm muaj ntau heev), cov ntaub npog qhov ncauj oxygen, cov raj xa ntshav uas yoog tau, qee cov pob blister.
Cov Zoo: tuaj yeem ua tau yooj ywm heev, pob tshab, thiab tiv taus ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg; tus nqi qis dua.
Kev Txwv: Feem ntau xav tau cov khoom siv yas rau kev ywj pheej; qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qee cov khoom ntxiv yog qhov txhawj xeeb hauv qee daim ntawv thov. Yog li ntawd, PVC tab tom xaiv ntau dua hauv qee cov khoom siv kho mob lossis raug hloov los ntawm lwm cov ntaub ntawv, nyob ntawm tus qauv tsim thiab cov cai.
Yuav ua li cas cov khoom siv (PVC polymer) ua tau: nws yog ua los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm vinyl chloride. Rau cov ntawv thov uas yoog tau, PVC yog sib xyaw nrog cov khoom ntxiv (plasticizers, heat stabilizers, thiab lwm yam) los tsim ib qho tshuaj.
Yuav ua li cas los tsim cov khoom:
- Extrusion: feem ntau rau cov raj kho mob.
- Calendering: rau cov ntawv nyias nyias uas tom qab ntawd kaw rau hauv cov hnab.
– RF vuam/kub kaw: koom nrog PVC daim ntawv los ua cov hnab infusion lossis cov hnab ntshav.
4. Polycarbonate (PC)
Cov kev siv dav dav: cov khoom siv ntxuav ntshav, cov tsev rau khoom siv kho mob, cov lim dej, cov khoom sib txuas pob tshab, cov khoom siv kuaj mob uas xav tau kev pom tseeb thiab muaj zog.
Qhov Zoo: muaj zog heev, tiv taus kev cuam tshuam, pob tshab, ruaj khov.
Cov kev txwv: kim dua; yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam qhov kev tiv taus rau qee cov tshuaj ntxuav; yuav tsum tau hloov kho qhov kev xaiv ntawm txoj kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam.
Yuav ua li cas cov khoom siv (PC polymer) ua tau: PC feem ntau yog ua los ntawm kev ua polycarbonate los ntawm qee cov monomers (kev lag luam siv cov txheej txheem tswj hwm nruj rau kev huv thiab kev ua tau zoo).
Yuav ua li cas los tsim cov khoom:
- Kev txhaj tshuaj molding: rau cov khoom pob tshab meej.
– Extrusion + machining: rau cov ntawv/bars uas tom qab ntawd ua tiav ntxiv.
- Kev vuam ultrasonic: feem ntau siv los koom nrog PC qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv.
5. Polystyrene (PS) thiab HIPS
Kev siv ntau: cov tais petri, cov raj kuaj, cov pipettes pov tseg, cov khoom siv hauv chaw kuaj mob, cov tais.
Qhov Zoo: PS yog qhov tseeb thiab yooj yim rau kev ua duab; tsim rau ntau yam khoom siv hauv chaw kuaj mob.
Cov kev txwv: tsis yooj yim tawg thiab tiv taus cua sov tsawg; tsis haum rau cov khoom siv kho tshuab siab.
Yuav ua li cas ua cov khoom siv: PS yog ua los ntawm polymerization ntawm styrene.
Yuav ua li cas los tsim cov khoom:
- Kev txhaj tshuaj molding: rau cov raj, cov thawv, thiab cov khoom siv hauv chav kuaj.
– Thermoforming: Cov ntawv PS raug cua sov thiab tom qab ntawd ua rau hauv cov tais/ntim khoom.
6. ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene)
Cov kev siv dav dav: cov thawv khoom siv kho mob, cov kov ntsuas, cov khoom tsis yog cog rau hauv uas xav tau kev tawv.
Qhov zoo: muaj zog, cuam tshuam tsis kam, yooj yim rau kev ua thiab xim.
Cov kev txwv: kev tiv taus kev ua kom tsis muaj kab mob kub siab lossis qee yam tshuaj lom neeg yuav tsum tau kuaj; feem ntau rau sab nraud / tsev ntawm lub cuab yeej.
Yuav ua li cas cov khoom siv no ua tau: ABS yog ib qho copolymer uas tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw peb yam tseem ceeb los ua kom muaj zog, tawv, thiab yooj yim ua.
Yuav ua li cas los tsim cov khoom:
- Kev txhaj tshuaj molding: txoj kev siv ntau tshaj plaws rau cov casings thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev.
- Kev Ua Tiav: tuaj yeem pleev xim, txhuam kom du, lossis ua cov qauv kom haum rau ergonomic xav tau.
7. Polyurethane (PU)
Kev siv ntau: qee cov catheters, cov ntaub qhwv qhov txhab, cov ntaub qhwv, cov yeeb nkab tshwj xeeb uas yoog tau, cov khoom uas xav tau elasticity.
Cov Zoo: yoog tau yooj yim heev, tuaj yeem ua kom mos dua lossis tawv dua nyob ntawm cov qauv, qee hom muaj kev tiv taus kev sib txhuam zoo.
Cov kev txwv: cov khoom muaj ntau nyob ntawm cov qauv; yuav tsum tau tswj hwm nruj rau kev sib xws thiab kev nyab xeeb.
Yuav ua li cas los ua cov khoom siv: PU yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm isocyanate thiab polyol Cheebtsam los tsim cov polymer nrog cov yam ntxwv hloov pauv tau.
Yuav ua li cas los tsim cov khoom:
- Extrusion: rau cov raj / catheters.
- Casting lossis reaction injection molding (RIM): rau qee yam khoom elastomeric.
- Txheej: PU kuj feem ntau siv ua txheej rau ntawm qhov chaw kom txo qhov sib txhuam.
8. Silicone (Silicone elastomer)
Cov kev siv dav dav: cov raj xa dej kho mob, cov foob, cov catheter, cov khoom uas kov lub cev ntev ntev, qee yam khoom siv ua pa.
Cov Zoo: sib xws nrog cov tsiaj txhu, ruaj khov rau ntau qhov kub thiab txias, yoog tau, thiab tiv taus ntau yam txheej txheem kom tsis muaj menyuam.
Cov kev txwv: kim dua; cov txheej txheem tsim khoom tuaj yeem nyuaj dua li cov khoom lag luam yas.
Yuav ua li cas ua cov khoom siv: silicone elastomer yog ib qho polymer uas ua los ntawm siloxane uas tom qab ntawd vulcanized / kho (piv txwv li nrog platinum-kho lossis peroxide system) los ua ib qho elastomer.
Yuav ua li cas los tsim cov khoom:
- Extrusion + kho: ib txwm muaj rau cov hoses silicone.
- Kev nias/hloov molding: rau cov foob thiab cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke.
- Cov Roj Hmab Silicone Ua Kua (LSR) txhaj tshuaj molding: rau cov khoom lag luam precision nrog kev tsim khoom ntau.
9. PTFE (Teflon) thiab lwm yam fluoropolymers
Cov kev siv dav dav: cov txheej txheem cuab yeej, cov kav dej tshwj xeeb, cov khoom uas xav tau kev sib txhuam tsawg thiab tiv taus tshuaj lom neeg siab.
Qhov zoo: tshuaj lom neeg tiv taus, coefficient qis ntawm kev sib txhuam, ruaj khov.
Cov kev txwv: nyuaj rau ua tiav zoo li cov yas ib txwm vim yog qhov melting point / viscosity; tus nqi siab dua.
Yuav ua li cas thiab ua li cas:
- Cov tshuaj fluoropolymers xws li PTFE yog ua los ntawm kev polymerization ntawm qee cov fluorinated monomers thiab feem ntau yog ua tiav los ntawm kev muab tshuaj txhuam extrusion, sintering, lossis lwm txoj hauv kev tshwj xeeb vim tias lawv tus cwj pwm txawv ntawm cov thermoplastics feem ntau.
Cov theem dav dav ntawm "txheej txheem tsim khoom" ntawm cov khoom siv kho mob yas hauv lub Hoobkas
Txawm hais tias cov ntsiab lus sib txawv rau txhua yam khoom, cov txheej txheem tsim cov khoom siv kho mob yas feem ntau suav nrog:
1. Kev xaiv cov tshuaj kho mob qib siab
Siv cov resins nrog cov lus qhia kho mob (kev huv, kev sib xws ntawm cov khoom, cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj, thiab kev sim biocompatibility raws li qhov xav tau).
2. Kev sib xyaw (yog tias tsim nyog)
Siv lub tshuab extruder sib xyaw cov resin nrog cov additives (stabilizers, colorants, plasticizers, fillers) kom ua tiav qhov sib xws. Rau kev siv kho mob, cov additives raug xaiv kom zoo kom txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw thiab tswj kev sib xws ntawm kev tua kab mob.
3. Kev Tsim Kho
- Kev txhaj tshuaj molding rau cov khoom precision nrog ntau yam thicknesses thiab phab ntsa nyias.
- Extrusion rau cov hoses, profiles, lossis zaj duab xis.
- Tshuab molding rau cov fwj hollow thiab cov thawv.
- Thermoforming rau cov tais thiab cov ntim khoom.
- Moulding elastomer (LSR, compression) rau silicone thiab qee cov roj hmab hluavtaws.
4. Kev sib txuas thiab kev sib dhos
Siv tau kev sib khi cua sov, kev vuam ultrasonic, kev sib txuas cov kuab tshuaj, lossis kev sib txuas nplaum, nyob ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom.
5. Kev ntxuav, kev tswj xyuas zoo thiab kev sim
Xws li kev tshuaj xyuas qhov loj me, kev kuaj qhov xau (rau cov raj/hnab), kev kuaj lub zog sib txuas, kev kuaj cov khoom me me/kev huv, thiab kev kuaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg.
6. Kev ua kom huv thiab ntim khoom
Cov txheej txheem ua kom tsis muaj kab mob muaj xws li siv pa (pas/autoclave), ethylene oxide (EtO), lossis hluav taws xob (gamma/e-beam). Tsis yog txhua yam yas yuav tiv taus txhua txoj kev, yog li kev xaiv cov khoom siv yuav tsum ua raws li txoj kev npaj ua kom tsis muaj kab mob thawj zaug. Cov ntim khoom kuj tsim los kom tswj tau kev tsis muaj kab mob kom txog thaum siv.
Kev kaw
Cov yas uas feem ntau siv rau hauv cov khoom siv kho mob—xws li PP, PE, PVC, PC, PS, ABS, PU, silicone, thiab PTFE—yog xaiv raws li kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv kho tshuab, kev meej, kev ywj pheej, kev tiv thaiv tshuaj lom neeg, tus nqi, thiab kev sib raug zoo nrog kev tua kab mob thiab cov cai. Lawv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom tsis yog tsuas yog ib qho teeb meem ntawm "molding yas," tab sis ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem los ntawm kev xaiv cov tshuaj kho mob-qib resins, compounding, forming (txhaj tshuaj / extrusion / tshuab / thermoforming), sib dhos, kev kuaj xyuas zoo, thiab kev tua kab mob. Nrog rau kev tswj hwm cov txheej txheem nruj, cov ntaub ntawv polymer pab xa cov khoom siv kho mob muaj kev nyab xeeb, huv si uas tuaj yeem tsim tau zoo kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm kev kho mob.
