Yuav Ua Li Cas Thiaj Ua Tau Polyvinyl Chloride Yas Thiab Nws Siv Hauv Kev Siv Hauv Kev Tsim Kho
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) yog ib qho ntawm cov yas siv dav tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv kev tsim kho. Nws qhov kev nyiam tau zoo: PVC yog qhov pheej yig, muaj zog, tiv taus xeb, yooj yim rau kev ua, thiab tuaj yeem "kho" nws cov khoom - xws li khov kho mus rau yoog tau - los ntawm kev ntxiv cov khoom ntxiv. Hauv kev lag luam kev tsim kho, PVC pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov kav dej, vaj huam sib luag, thav duab, cable sheathing, vinyl pem teb, ru tsev daim nyias nyias, thiab txawm tias cov ntaub ntawv sab hauv. Txhawm rau nkag siab tias vim li cas PVC thiaj li siv tau ntau yam, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias nws tau ua li cas thiab nws cov khoom tau tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem thiab kev tsim qauv li cas.
PVC yog dab tsi?
PVC yog ib hom thermoplastic polymer uas muaj cov vinyl chloride rov ua dua. Tsis zoo li ntau lwm yam yas uas tau los ntawm roj av xwb, PVC muaj chlorine, feem ntau tau los ntawm ntsev (NaCl) los ntawm cov txheej txheem electrolysis. Cov khoom no ua rau PVC tiv taus tshuaj lom neeg zoo thiab muaj tus cwj pwm sib txawv ntawm kev sib xyaw dua li qee cov hydrocarbon polymers ntshiab, txawm hais tias nws tseem xav tau kev nyab xeeb thiab kev tswj hwm ib puag ncig nruj.
Feem ntau, PVC muab faib ua ob pawg loj:
1. PVC ruaj khov (uPVC / PVC ruaj khov): muaj zog, ruaj khov, feem ntau siv rau cov kav dej, cov qhov rai profile, thiab cov kwj dej.
2. PVC uas yoog tau (plasticized PVC): yoog tau ntau dua vim tias cov tshuaj yas ntxiv rau, feem ntau siv rau cov xov hlau, cov kav dej, cov ntaub so ntswg, cov plag tsev vinyl.
Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau kev ua PVC
Kev tsim cov PVC ua cov khoom lag luam feem ntau tsis pib ncaj qha los ntawm "vinyl chloride" yam tsis muaj theem, tab sis los ntawm ntau cov txheej txheem los ntawm cov khoom siv raw yooj yim:
1. Ntshav (NaCl) → kom tau txais chlorine (Cl₂) los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob los ntxuav cov kua ntsev (txheej txheem chlor-alkali).
2. Ethylene (C₂H₄) → feem ntau los ntawm kev tawg naphtha lossis ethane (kev lag luam petrochemical).
3. Cov pa oxygen/cua → siv rau hauv qee txoj kev tsim khoom.
4. Catalyst → xav tau thaum lub sijhawm tsim cov tshuaj sib xyaw nruab nrab.
5. Cov tshuaj ntxiv rau kev tsim cov tshuaj → cov tshuaj ua kom sov, cov roj nplua nyeem, cov khoom sau, cov xim, cov khoom hloov kho qhov cuam tshuam, thiab yog tias tsim nyog, cov tshuaj ua kom yas.
Cov theem dav dav ntawm PVC tsim khoom (kev txheeb xyuas kev lag luam)
Thov nco ntsoov: cov lus piav qhia hauv qab no yog kev piav qhia txog cov txheej txheem kev lag luam, tsis yog phau ntawv qhia rau kev siv hauv tsev. Kev tsim cov vinyl chloride thiab polymerization muaj cov khoom phom sij thiab xav tau cov chaw nruj, kev tswj hwm pa phem, thiab cov qauv kev nyab xeeb.
1) Kev tsim cov tshuaj chlorine thiab caustic soda (chlor-alkali txheej txheem)
Cov kua ntsev (brine) yog electrolyzed los tsim:
- Chlorine (Cl₂) ntawm qhov anode
- Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) thiab hydrogen (H₂) ntawm cathode
Cov tshuaj chlorine no ces siv los tsim cov tshuaj nruab nrab ua rau vinyl chloride.
2) Kev tsim cov EDC (ethylene dichloride / 1,2-dichloroethane)
EDC yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev mus rau vinyl chloride. Muaj ob txoj kev loj uas feem ntau ua ke:
– Kev siv tshuaj chlorine ncaj qha: ethylene + chlorine → EDC
– Kev siv tshuaj oxychlorination: ethylene + HCl + O₂ → EDC + H₂O (siv cov tshuaj catalyst)
Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ob txoj kev no pab siv cov khoom HCl thiab ua rau kom muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm lub voj voog chlorine.
3) Tawg EDC rau hauv VCM (vinyl chloride monomer)
EDC ces raug cua sov (thermal cracking) kom nws decomposes rau hauv:
-VCM (vinyl chloride monomer)
- HCl (uas tuaj yeem rov qab mus rau theem oxychlorination)
VCM yog lub monomer tseem ceeb uas yuav raug polymerized rau hauv PVC.
4) Kev ua polymerization ntawm VCM rau hauv PVC
Kev ua kom cov vinyl chloride polymerization yog ua tiav los ntawm kev siv lub tshuab pib (xws li cov tshuaj peroxide) hauv lub tshuab ua kom muaj zog nyob rau hauv kev tswj hwm qhov kub thiab txias. Muaj ntau txoj kev ua kom cov polymerization, txhua txoj kev tsim cov yam ntxwv sib txawv:
– Kev sib txuas polymerization: feem ntau yog rau cov khoom tawv xws li cov kav dej thiab cov profile; tsim cov granules resin uas yooj yim rau kev ua.
- Emulsion polymerization: tsim cov khoom me me; feem ntau siv rau PVC pastes, coatings, thiab qee yam kev siv.
- Kev ua kom polymerization ntau: tsis muaj dej; siv rau hauv ntau daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb.
Tom qab ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, cov PVC resin raug cais, ntxuav, ziab, thiab khaws cia ua hmoov lossis granules (PVC resin). Cov resin no tseem tsis tau npaj rau kev tsim khoom - nws tseem yuav tsum tau tsim nrog cov khoom ntxiv thiab ua tiav rau hauv nws daim ntawv kawg.
Kev Tsim Qauv: vim li cas PVC thiaj li tawv lossis yoog tau?
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm PVC yog nyob rau hauv nws cov tshuaj "zaub mov txawv." PVC resin yog sib xyaw nrog ntau yam khoom ntxiv kom ua tiav cov yam ntxwv xav tau:
1. Lub tshuab ua kom sov sov
PVC rhiab heev rau cua sov thaum lub sijhawm ua tiav; cov tshuaj stabilizer tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj (xws li kev hloov pauv xim thiab txo cov khoom siv kho tshuab). Cov lag luam niaj hnub no tab tom hloov mus rau cov tshuaj stabilizer uas zoo rau ib puag ncig ntau dua li cov qauv qub.
2. Cov roj nplua nyeem
Pab cov khoom ntws thaum lub sijhawm extrusion / txhaj tshuaj thiab txo qhov lo rau ntawm lub tshuab.
3. Kev hloov pauv cuam tshuam
Ua kom muaj zog ntxiv (kev tiv taus kev cuam tshuam), tseem ceeb rau cov qhov rai profile, vaj huam sib luag, lossis cov kav dej hauv qee qhov xwm txheej.
4. Cov khoom siv ntxiv (piv txwv li calcium carbonate)
Nws txo cov nqi thiab tuaj yeem ua rau qee qhov kev tawv / kev ruaj khov, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau sib npaug kom tsis txhob txo qis kev ua tau zoo.
5. Yas tshuab
Tus yuam sij rau kev ua kom PVC yoog tau. Siv rau hauv cov xov hlau, cov plag tsev vinyl, cov ntaub nyias nyias, thiab cov kav dej.
6. Cov xim UV thiab cov khoom ntxiv
Ntxiv xim thiab tiv taus huab cua rau kev siv sab nraum zoov.
Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom PVC rau kev tsim kho
Thaum cov khoom sib xyaw ua tiav lawm, PVC raug ua tiav los ntawm kev siv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom yas:
– Kev rho tawm: rau cov kav dej, cov qauv thav duab, cov kwj dej ntws, cov ntaub thaiv sab nraud, thiab cov ntawv. Cov khoom siv raug yaj thiab thawb los ntawm lub pwm kom tsim tau ib daim qauv txuas ntxiv mus.
- Kev txhaj tshuaj (txhaj tshuaj molding): rau cov yeeb nkab fittings, connectors, accessories Cheebtsam.
- Calendering: rau cov ntawv vinyl / pem teb thiab cov ntaub nyias nyias.
- Tshuab pwm: rau qee qhov khoom hollow (tsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauv kev siv kev tsim kho dua li extrusion).
Kev tswj qhov txias thiab kev tswj xyuas zoo (qhov ntev, tuab, lub zog) yog qhov tseem ceeb kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom zoo sib xws thiab ua tau raws li cov qauv.
Kev siv cov PVC hauv kev tsim kho
Hauv qab no yog cov ntawv thov PVC feem ntau hauv kev tsim kho nrog rau lawv cov laj thawj kev siv tshuab:
1) Cov kav dej thiab cov khoom siv (dej huv, dej ntws tawm, khib nyiab)
Rigid PVC (uPVC) nrov heev rau cov kav dej vim tias:
- tsis xeb zoo li hlau (tsis yooj yim xeb);
- qhov chaw du (txo qhov kev poob siab thiab kev ua pob),
- lub teeb thiab yooj yim rau nruab,
- tus nqi qis dua,
- muaj ntau yam chav kawm siab thiab diameters.
Rau cov dej kub ntws los yog cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb, lwm cov ntaub ntawv xws li CPVC lossis PPR qee zaum raug xaiv, tab sis rau ntau lub network dej txias thiab cov kav dej ntws, PVC tseem yog tus thawj coj.
2) Cov kav dej hluav taws xob thiab cov tiv thaiv cable
PVC (ob qho tib si nruj thiab yoog tau) yog siv ua:
- cov kav dej hluav taws xob uas muab tso rau hauv lossis saum npoo av,
- rwb thaiv tsev cable thiab lub hnab sab nraud.
Cov laj thawj suav nrog kev rwb thaiv hluav taws xob zoo, tiv taus dej noo, thiab yooj yim rau kev ua duab.
3) Cov qhov rooj thiab qhov rai profile (uPVC)
uPVC siv dav rau cov thav qhov rai vim tias:
- ruaj khov, tsis yooj yim rau weathering;
- kev saib xyuas tsawg (tsis tas yuav pleev xim tas li),
- kev ua tau zoo thermal thiab acoustic thaum ua ke nrog lub hollow thiab kaw tsim,
- tiv taus huab cua thiab kab ntsaum.
4) Pem teb Vinyl (pem teb PVC)
Cov plag tsev PVC yog nrov hauv cov tsev lag luam thiab cov tsev vim tias:
- tsis yooj yim puas thiab yooj yim ntxuav,
- ntau yam motifs muaj (ntoo, pob zeb, qauv),
- tuaj yeem tsim los kom tsis txhob plam,
- zoo dua suab rwb thaiv tsev dua li ceramic hauv qee lub tshuab.
5) Lub ru tsev membrane thiab dej tsis nkag
PVC uas yoog tau (feem ntau yog fiber reinforced) yog siv ua daim nyias nyias:
- tiv taus huab cua,
- tuaj yeem welded kub ntawm cov pob qij txha,
- tsim nyog rau cov ru tsev tiaj tus thiab qee cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv dej.
6) Phab ntsa vaj huam sib luag, qab nthab thiab cladding
Cov vaj huam sib luag PVC raug xaiv rau cov chaw ntub dej (piv txwv li chav dej, chav ua noj, chav siv hluav taws xob) vim tias lawv yooj yim ntxuav thiab tiv taus dej, txawm hais tias kev xaiv qhov zoo thiab txoj kev teeb tsa txiav txim siab lub zog ntev.
Kev nyab xeeb thiab kev xav txog ib puag ncig
PVC muaj kev nyab xeeb rau kev siv hauv ntau daim ntawv thov kev tsim kho yog tias nws ua tau raws li cov qauv thiab tau teeb tsa kom raug. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj cov teeb meem tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum xav txog:
– Kev tsim khoom thiab kev ua cov VCM monomers yuav tsum tau tswj hwm nruj me ntsis vim lawv muaj kev phom sij. Kev lag luam niaj hnub no siv cov kev txwv monomer residue thiab kev tswj hwm pa phem.
– Kev hlawv hluav taws uas tsis tswj tau yuav ua rau muaj pa phem. Yog li ntawd, kev tswj hluav taws hauv tsev thiab kev xaiv cov khoom siv yuav tsum ua raws li cov cai hauv zos.
– Kev Siv Dua: PVC tuaj yeem siv rov qab los ntawm kev siv tshuab hauv ntau qhov chaw pov tseg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog los ntawm cov khib nyiab tsim khoom lossis cov khoom seem / yeeb nkab, tab sis yuav tsum tau cais thiab tswj cov kuab paug.
Kev kaw
PVC yog ib yam khoom tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim kho niaj hnub no vim nws muaj nqi sib xyaw, yooj yim tsim, tiv taus xeb, thiab yooj ywm ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm cov khoom ntxiv. Hauv kev lag luam, PVC yog tsim los ntawm ntau cov txheej txheem los ntawm ntsev thiab ethylene los tsim VCM, uas tom qab ntawd polymerized rau hauv PVC resin uas tau tsim thiab pwm rau hauv cov khoom xws li cov kav dej, conduits, uPVC thav duab, vinyl pem teb, thiab cov ntaub thaiv dej. Nrog kev xaiv zoo ntawm PVC hom (rigid lossis flexible), formulation tsim nyog, thiab kev teeb tsa tus qauv, PVC tuaj yeem muab kev ua tau zoo mus sij hawm ntev hauv ntau yam kev siv hauv tsev.
Yog tias koj xav tau, kuv tuaj yeem hloov kho tsab xov xwm no rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm tsev kawm ntawv / tsev kawm qib siab (piv txwv li ntxiv cov duab qhia txog cov txheej txheem, cov ntaub ntawv sau, lossis piv txwv ntawm cov qauv cuam tshuam xws li SNI / ISO).
