Yuav Ua Li Cas Thiaj Ua Tau Polyurethane Yas Thiab Nws Cov Kev Siv Hauv Kev Lag Luam Rooj Tog
Yas Polyurethane (PU) yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv polymer siv dav tshaj plaws hauv kev lag luam rooj tog vim nws cov yam ntxwv yooj ywm: nws tuaj yeem ua rau ua npuas mos rau cov ntaub upholstery, ua ib txheej tawv ua ib txheej tiv thaiv, thiab txawm tias ua ib qho nplaum ruaj khov rau kev koom ua ke ntoo thiab ntaub. Tom qab cov kev hloov pauv no, polyurethane yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw tshuaj ntawm ob pawg tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom xyaw, uas yog polyol thiab isocyanate. Los ntawm kev kho cov qauv, catalyst, thiab cov txheej txheem, cov chaw tsim khoom tuaj yeem "tswj" qhov tshwm sim kawg - txawm tias nws yog ib qho ua npuas yooj ywm, ib qho ua npuas tawv, ib qho elastomer, lossis ib txheej zaj duab xis tawv.
Tsab xov xwm no tham txog kev piav qhia txog yuav ua li cas thiaj ua tau cov yas polyurethane thiab nws cov ntawv thov hauv kev lag luam rooj tog, yam tsis tas yuav mus rau hauv cov zaub mov txawv uas muaj kev pheej hmoo siv tsis raug.
Polyurethane yog dab tsi?
Polyurethane yog ib qho polymer tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm pawg hydroxyl (-OH) hauv polyol thiab pawg isocyanate (-NCO) hauv isocyanate, tsim cov urethane bond. Kev hloov pauv ntawm hom polyol (piv txwv li, polyether lossis polyester polyol), hom isocyanate (piv txwv li, MDI lossis TDI), thiab kev ntxiv lwm yam khoom ntxiv yuav ua rau muaj cov yam ntxwv sib txawv heev.
Feem ntau, polyurethane hauv rooj tog feem ntau tuaj yeem ua raws li cov hauv qab no:
1. Ua npuas ncauj ywj pheej rau cov rooj zaum, cov rooj zaum, cov nraub qaum thiab cov txaj pw.
2. Ua npuas ncauj ruaj khov rau cov vaj huam sib luag rwb thaiv tsev lossis qee yam qauv.
3. PU txheej/ua tiav rau txheej sab saum toj ntawm cov rooj, txee thiab rooj tog ntoo.
4. Cov nplaum PU rau cov laminates, veneers, edging, thiab cov khoom sib xyaw.
5. PU elastomer rau cov log me me, qee cov ceg rooj tog, lossis cov khoom tiv thaiv.
Cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb hauv kev ua polyurethane
Txawm hais tias cov qauv sib txawv, cov khoom feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov polyurethane muaj xws li:
– Polyol: Lub "txhab ntsa" uas cuam tshuam rau kev ywj pheej, qhov ceev, thiab kev ruaj khov. Polyether polyols feem ntau muab cov ua npuas dej uas tiv taus dej ntau dua, thaum polyester polyols feem ntau muab kev tiv taus kev sib txhuam zoo dua hauv qee qhov kev siv.
– Isocyanate: cov khoom tseem ceeb uas txiav txim siab qhov nrawm ntawm kev ua tshuaj thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab. Hauv kev lag luam, MDI (feem ntau siv rau cov ua npuas ncauj thiab qee lub tshuab) thiab TDI (feem ntau siv rau hauv cov ua npuas ncauj yooj ywm) yog cov khoom siv, tab sis qhov kev xaiv nyob ntawm cov khoom kawg.
– Cov tshuaj catalysts: ua kom cov tshuaj urethane tsim sai dua thiab/lossis cov tshuaj tsim roj (tshuab). Cov tshuaj amine thiab cov tshuaj catalysts uas muaj hlau yog cov uas siv ntau tshaj plaws.
– Cov tshuaj ua npuas ncauj (cov tshuaj ua npuas ncauj): tsim cov qhov hws/ua npuas ncauj. Qhov no tuaj yeem yog dej (uas ua rau muaj CO₂) lossis cov tshuaj ua npuas ncauj tshwj xeeb hauv ib lub kaw lus tshwj xeeb.
– Cov tshuaj surfactants/silicones: ua kom cov qauv ua npuas dej ruaj khov kom cov qhov hws tsim sib npaug thiab tsis tawg.
- Cov khoom txuas/txuas saw hlau: tswj qhov nyuaj, elasticity, thiab lub zog tensile los ntawm kev nce tus naj npawb ntawm "choj" ntawm cov saw hlau polymer.
– Lwm cov khoom ntxiv: cov xim, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hluav taws (raws li cov cai), cov tshuaj antioxidants, cov khoom sau, thiab cov tshuaj tua kab mob (tsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauv rooj tog).
Yuav ua li cas ua polyurethane yas: cov txheej txheem ntws (txheej txheem cej luam)
Cov hauv qab no yog daim ntawv qhia dav dav uas feem ntau siv rau hauv kev tsim khoom, rau ob qho tib si ua npuas ncauj thiab tsis ua npuas ncauj PU. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias kev ua polyurethane muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg txaus ntshai (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog isocyanates), yog li kev lag luam xav tau kev tswj hwm nruj, cua nkag tau zoo, thiab cov qauv kev nyab xeeb thiab kev noj qab haus huv zoo.
1) Txheeb xyuas cov lus qhia ntawm cov khoom
Kauj ruam thawj zaug yog teem cov hom phiaj kev ua tau zoo, piv txwv li:
- ua npuas ncauj ntom (lub teeb vs. ntom),
– qib tawv (ILD/IFD rau cov ua npuas ncauj yooj ywm),
- kev ua siab ntev (kev tawm dag zog rov qab),
- tiv taus kua muag, teeb tsa tas mus li (teeb tsa nias),
- tsis kam khawb thiab gloss rau txheej,
- Lub sijhawm siv tau ntawm lub lauj kaub, lub sijhawm siv gel, thiab lub sijhawm lo rau cov nplaum.
Cov lus qhia no yog lub hauv paus rau kev xaiv cov khoom siv raw thiab kev sib xyaw ua ke.
2) Npaj thiab kho cov ntaub ntawv
Cov khoom xyaw raug khaws cia rau qhov kub thiab txias thiab av noo vim tias cov xwm txheej no cuam tshuam rau qhov viscosity thiab reactivity. Hauv cov kab ntau lawm, polyols thiab isocyanates feem ntau raug pumped los ntawm cov thoob dej mus rau cov chav sib tov ntawm cov tshuab ntsuas kom ntseeg tau tias muaj qhov sib tov raug.
3) Kev sib tov thiab kev ntsuas tshuaj
Nyob rau theem no, cov khoom sib xyaw raug sib tov siv lub tshuab sib tov ceev ceev lossis lub taub hau sib tov tshwj xeeb. Qhov sib piv kom raug yog qhov tseem ceeb: txawm tias qhov sib txawv me me tuaj yeem ua rau ua npuas ncauj uas tawg yooj yim, mos heev, cov hlwb tsis ruaj khov, lossis cov txheej txheem kho tsis tiav.
Rau cov ua npuas ncauj, kev sib tov yuav tsum ua sai thiab kom huv si vim tias qhov kev ua haujlwm yuav siv sijhawm ob peb feeb mus rau ob peb feeb. Rau cov txheej txheem / cov nplaum, kev sib tov lub hom phiaj yog los tsim cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke yam tsis muaj npuas ntau dhau.
4) Kev tsim: nchuav, txau, lossis txhaj tshuaj
Nyob ntawm cov khoom:
– Ua npuas ncauj Slabstock (ua npuas ncauj loj): cov khoom sib tov raug nchuav rau ntawm lub tshuab xa khoom/lub thawv thiab nthuav dav mus ua cov blocks ntev, uas tom qab ntawd raug txiav.
– Ua npuas ncauj pwm: cov khoom sib tov raug txhaj rau hauv pwm lub rooj zaum/chaw so tes, tom qab ntawd nthuav dav kom ua raws li cov duab ntawm pwm.
- Txheej PU: siv los ntawm kev tsuag, dov, lossis txheej ntaub thaiv rau ntawm qhov chaw ntoo.
- Cov nplaum PU: thov nyias nyias rau ntawm qhov chaw uas yuav tsum tau nplaum, tom qab ntawd nias lossis sab laug kom kho raws li lub kaw lus.
5) Kev tshuaj tiv thaiv, kev nthuav dav, thiab kev kho
Ua npuas dej yuav siv sijhawm "ua kom mos mos" (pib nthuav dav), "nce siab tshaj plaws", thiab tom qab ntawd siv sijhawm "tsis muaj qhov nplaum" (qhov chaw ntawd yuav tsis nplaum). Tom qab ntawd, cov khoom siv tseem yuav tsum tau siv sijhawm kho kom zoo kom ua tiav cov khoom siv kho tshuab zoo tshaj plaws.
Hauv cov txheej thiab cov nplaum, kev kho tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntawm qhov kub thiab txias hauv chav tsev lossis nrog kev pab los ntawm cua sov / qhov cub, nyob ntawm cov mis.
6) Kev Ua Tiav: txiav, xuab zeb, laminating, lossis sib dhos
Rau cov ua npuas ncauj rooj tog, cov ua npuas ncauj raug txiav ua daim ntawv lossis cov duab, tom qab ntawd laminated (piv txwv li, nrog ntaub, tawv hluavtaws, lossis dacron) ua ntej txuas rau lub thav rooj tog. Rau kev txheej, kev xuab zeb yog ua tiav ntawm cov txheej txheej (xuab zeb sealer / txheej sab saud) thiab kev tshuaj xyuas zaum kawg.
7) Kev tswj xyuas zoo (QC)
QC dav dav ntawm PU rau rooj tog suav nrog:
- qhov ceev thiab kev sib npaug ntawm cov cell,
– kev ua phem (IFD/ILD),
- kev teeb tsa compression thiab kev sim qaug zog,
– VOC/tsw (tseem ceeb rau cov rooj tog hauv tsev),
- kev nplaum thiab kev tiv thaiv khawb rau cov txheej txheem,
- cua sov thiab dej noo tsis kam ntawm cov nplaum.
Kev siv polyurethane hauv kev lag luam rooj tog
1) Ua npuas ncauj yooj ywm rau cov rooj zaum thiab cov rooj zaum
Qhov no yog daim ntawv thov loj tshaj plaws ntawm PU hauv rooj tog. PU ua npuas ncauj yog siv rau cov rooj zaum, backrests, headrests, armrests, thiab cushions. Nws cov txiaj ntsig:
- xis nyob thiab tuaj yeem kho qhov nyuaj,
- lub teeb tab sis muaj zog txaus,
- yooj yim rau puab thiab txiav.
Cov neeg tsim khoom feem ntau muab ntau txheej sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv los muab qhov kev xav zaum ergonomic.
2) Ua npuas ncauj rau cov duab sib txawv
Hauv cov rooj zaum hauv chaw ua haujlwm lossis cov rooj zaum hauv tsheb (uas zoo ib yam li cov rooj tog), cov ua npuas ncauj pwm ua rau muaj kev sib dhos zoo, kev sib xws ntawm cov khoom, thiab kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov yam ntxwv (piv txwv li, kev sib sau ua ke ntawm lub duav). Rau cov rooj tog zoo tshaj plaws, cov txheej txheem no pab tsim kom muaj cov duab huv si thiab sib xws.
3) PU txheej/ua tiav rau cov rooj tog ntoo
PU tiav yog nrov vim tias:
- tiv taus khawb thiab tiv taus qee yam tshuaj lom neeg hauv tsev,
- tsim ib txheej meej uas ua rau pom cov ntoo,
- muaj nyob rau hauv ntau theem ntawm gloss (matte rau gloss).
Ntawm cov rooj noj mov lossis cov txee hauv chav ua noj, PU txheej feem ntau raug xaiv vim tias nws tiv taus cov xim av thiab cov dej noo ntau dua li qee qhov "mos dua".
4) PU nplaum rau laminates thiab veneers
Cov nplaum PU siv rau:
- txuas cov veneer rau MDF / plywood,
- HPL laminate,
- qee cov kab txaij ntawm ntug,
- kev sib dhos ntawm cov khoom uas xav tau kev tiv thaiv dej noo.
Qee hom PU nplaum kuj tseem sau cov qhov me me (qhov sib txawv) yog li lawv pab nrog cov pob qij txha uas tsis nruj tag, txawm hais tias kev tswj cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb rau cov txiaj ntsig zoo.
5) Elastomers thiab cov khoom tiv thaiv
Polyurethane elastomers siv tau rau cov khoom xws li:
– cov log me me (casters) uas ntsiag to dua,
- lub bumper/ces kaum tiv thaiv,
- cov ceg rooj tog uas tsis yooj yim puas.
Nws cov khoom uas tsis yooj yim hnav ua rau PU zoo nkauj rau cov khoom uas feem ntau txhuam rau hauv pem teb.
Cov ntaub ntawv kev nyab xeeb thiab ib puag ncig
Hauv kev tsim cov polyurethane, kev nyab xeeb thiab kev noj qab haus huv yog qhov tseem ceeb heev vim tias isocyanates tuaj yeem muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev noj qab haus huv yog tias nqus tau lossis kov daim tawv nqaij. Feem ntau cov lag luam siv cov tshuab ua pa, cov cuab yeej ua pa, cov hnab looj tes, cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv qhov muag, thiab cov txheej txheem teb rau kev nchuav. Los ntawm kev xav txog ib puag ncig, cov qauv tshiab tsis ntev los no suav nrog:
– siv cov polyols bio-based (ib feem rov ua dua tshiab),
- cov qauv VOC qis rau kev txheej,
- kev ua kom zoo dua qub kom txo tau cov khoom pov tseg ua npuas ncauj,
- qee yam kev siv tshuab rov ua dua tshiab (piv txwv li, ua npuas dej rov ua dua los ntawm cov khoom seem seem).
Kev kaw
Polyurethane yog ib yam khoom siv tau ntau yam uas yog lub hauv paus ntawm ntau yam khoom siv rooj tog niaj hnub - los ntawm cov ua npuas ncauj zoo rau lub rooj zaum kom ruaj khov thiab cov nplaum ruaj khov. PU ntau lawm feem ntau yog siv cov tshuaj polyol thiab isocyanate los ua kom cov tshuaj catalysts thiab cov khoom ntxiv, tom qab ntawd pwm thiab kho lawv raws li qhov xav tau. Nrog rau kev tsim cov qauv thiab kev tswj cov txheej txheem, kev lag luam tuaj yeem tsim ntau hom polyurethane nrog cov yam ntxwv ua tau zoo heev, ua rau nws yog qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws rau kev nplij siab ntawm rooj tog, kev ruaj khov, thiab kev zoo nkauj.
Yog tias koj xav tau, kuv tuaj yeem hloov kho tsab xov xwm no rau cov qauv nrov rau cov blogs, cov qauv kev kawm nrog cov lus hais, lossis ntxiv cov ntu tshwj xeeb xws li kev sib piv ntawm PU vs. latex rau cov rooj tog zaum cushioning.
