Cov Txheej Txheem Tsim Khoom Siv Thermosetting Yas thiab Nws Daim Ntawv Thov hauv Kev Lag Luam Electronics
Cov yas thermosetting (lossis thermosets) yog ib pawg ntawm cov polymers uas hloov pauv mus tas li thaum cua sov lossis catalyzed, tsim cov qauv network peb-seem (cross-linking). Tsis zoo li thermoplastics, uas tuaj yeem yaj thiab rov ua dua ntau zaus, cov yas thermosetting, thaum "tawv," tsis tuaj yeem yaj dua yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj. Cov yam ntxwv no ua rau cov yas thermosetting zoo tshaj plaws rau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau kev tiv taus kub siab, kev ruaj khov ntawm qhov ntev, thiab kev tiv taus hluav taws xob zoo - cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob.
Cov Yam Ntxwv Tseem Ceeb ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Thermosetting
Ua ntej tham txog cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab txog cov laj thawj vim li cas thermosetting thiaj li raug xaiv dav hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob:
1. Tiv taus cua sov thiab tsis yooj yim mos: Thaum kho tau lawm, cov khoom siv tseem ruaj khov ntawm qhov kub ua haujlwm siab dua li ntau cov thermoplastics.
2. Kev ruaj khov ntawm qhov ntev: Kev txo qis kev ntsws thiab kev hloov pauv, tseem ceeb rau cov khoom ua kom raug.
3. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo: Ntau cov thermosetting resins muaj lub zog dielectric siab thiab siab resistivity.
4. Kev tiv thaiv tshuaj lom neeg thiab dej noo: Haum rau kev tiv thaiv cov circuits los ntawm kev xeb lossis cov chaw noo noo.
5. Lub zog thiab kev tawv: Feem ntau tawv dua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum siv cov fibers (piv txwv li fiberglass).
Cov piv txwv nrov ntawm thermosetting: epoxy, phenolic (Bakelite), melamine formaldehyde, urea formaldehyde, unsaturated polyesters, thiab thermosetting polyurethanes.
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Cov Theem Dav Dav ntawm Cov Txheej Txheem Tsim Khoom Siv Thermosetting Yas
Txawm hais tias nws txawv nyob ntawm hom resin, feem ntau cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua cov khoom thermosetting mus dhau cov theem hauv qab no.
1. Kev Tsim Cov Roj Hmab: Kev Txheeb Xyuas Cov Khoom Siv "Daim Ntawv Qhia"
Cov txheej txheem pib nrog kev xaiv cov resin thiab cov khoom siv tawv/kho kom tawv. Thaum lub sijhawm no, cov chaw tsim khoom kuj ntxiv cov khoom ntxiv los kho cov yam ntxwv:
- Cov khoom siv xws li silica, calcium carbonate, alumina trihydrate: ua kom muaj zog dua, txo nqi, thiab txhim kho cov khoom siv thermal.
- Kev txhawb zog (ua kom muaj zog) xws li iav fiber, carbon fiber, aramid: ua rau lub zog tensile thiab kev cuam tshuam tsis kam.
– Tiv thaiv hluav taws: tseem ceeb rau cov qauv kev nyab xeeb hauv hluav taws xob (piv txwv li UL 94).
- Cov xim: xim thiab kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom.
- Catalyst/accelerator: ua kom cov tshuaj kho sai dua.
– Cov tshuaj yas (hauv qee cov qauv): tswj kev ywj pheej.
- Tus neeg sawv cev txuas: ua rau kom muaj kev sib txuas ntawm cov resin thiab cov khoom sau / kev txhawb zog.
Cov qauv no tseem ceeb heev hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob vim tias cov khoom yuav tsum ua tau raws li cov kev cai nruj xws li kev tiv taus cua sov, kev ua haujlwm dielectric, thiab kev tiv taus dej noo.
2. Kev Sib Tov thiab Kev Tshem Tawm Cov Pa roj
Cov roj hmab, cov khoom ua kom tawv, cov khoom sau, thiab cov khoom ntxiv raug sib xyaw siv lub tshuab sib tov hauv kev lag luam (lub tshuab sib tov planetary, lub tshuab sib tov high-shear, lossis twin-screw extruder rau qee lub tshuab). Rau cov ntawv thov hluav taws xob, feem ntau ua kom cov pa roj tawm hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev kom tshem tawm cov npuas cua. Cov npuas tuaj yeem yog cov khoom siv tsis muaj zog thiab ua rau hluav taws xob tsis ua haujlwm (piv txwv li, qee qhov tso tawm hauv cov insulators).
3. Kev Tsim Kho / Kev Tsim Kho
Tsis zoo li cov thermoplastics, uas feem ntau yog yaj thiab tom qab ntawd txhaj tshuaj, cov thermosetting resins raug tsim thaum tseem ua kua / viscous lossis hauv daim ntawv preform (piv txwv li, cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke / pellet-puab rau compression molding). Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom siv suav nrog:
a. Kev Sib Tsoo Moulding
Cov khoom siv thermoset (piv txwv li, cov tshuaj phenolic molding) raug muab tso rau hauv pwm kub thiab tom qab ntawd nias. Qhov kub thiab lub siab ua rau nws khov kom txog thaum cov khoom tawv.
- Cov Zoo: tsim nyog rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob xws li cov hloov pauv, qee lub tsev, thiab cov insulators.
– Qhov tsis zoo: lub voj voog txheej txheem tuaj yeem ntev dua li cov thermoplastic txhaj tshuaj molding.
b. Hloov pwm
Zoo ib yam li kev nias molding, cov khoom siv raug cua sov hauv lub lauj kaub thiab tom qab ntawd "hloov mus" rau hauv qhov pwm qhov los ntawm cov channel. Txoj kev no yog siv dav rau kev encapsulating semiconductor Cheebtsam (IC ntim) siv epoxy resin molding compounds.
- Cov txiaj ntsig: kev sau pwm kom sib npaug rau cov duab nyuaj.
- Muaj feem xyuam rau cov pob khoom IC, diodes, thiab transistors.
c. Kev Txhaj Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv (RIM)
Ob lossis ntau yam khoom ua kua (piv txwv li polyurethane) raug sib xyaw thiab txhaj rau hauv pwm, qhov chaw uas lawv ua rau thiab tawv sab hauv.
- Haum rau cov khoom uas xav tau kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm lub zog thiab qhov hnyav sib dua.
- Siv rau hauv ntau qhov chaw hluav taws xob uas xav tau kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig.
d. Kev Laminating thiab Impregnation
Rau cov ntaub ntawv xws li FR-4 (epoxy + fiberglass based PCB substrate), cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam nrog kev impregnating daim ntaub fiberglass nrog epoxy resin (prepreg), tom qab ntawd laminating nws nrog lub siab thiab cua sov.
- Cov zis: daim ntawv laminate rau PCB, nrog cov khoom dielectric zoo thiab tiv taus cua sov.
4. Kev Kho: Lub Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb ntawm Kev Siv Thermosetting
Kev kho yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib txuas uas ua rau cov resin hloov pauv mus ua cov khoom khov kho tas mus li. Kev kho tuaj yeem ua rau muaj:
- Kev kho cua sov (kev kho cua sov)
- Catalyst / accelerator
- Hluav taws xob UV (rau qee cov resins tshwj xeeb, piv txwv li UV-curable epoxy hauv qee daim ntawv thov)
- Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cua sov thiab lub sijhawm (tom qab kho feem ntau ua tiav kom ua tiav cov khoom zoo tshaj plaws)
Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho:
- Qhov kub ntawm pwm/qhov cub
- Lub sijhawm kho
- Siab (rau molding)
- Qhov sib piv ntawm cov resin thiab cov khoom tawv
- Cov qauv cua sov (nce mus rau saum) kom tiv thaiv cov qhov khoob lossis cov kab nrib pleb vim yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv exothermic
Hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob, kev tswj kev kho kom zoo txiav txim siab qhov zoo: kev kho tsis zoo tuaj yeem ua rau delamination, tawg, tsw ntxhiab seem, lossis txo qis kev rwb thaiv hluav taws xob.
5. Kev Ua Tiav, Kev Siv Tshuab thiab Kev Tswj Xyuas Zoo
Tom qab kho, cov khoom tuaj yeem mus dhau:
- trimming (txiav flash)
– drilling/machining (rau ntawm laminates lossis qee yam khoom)
- txheej ntxiv lossis txheej
- kev soj ntsuam qhov ntev thiab qhov muag pom
Kev tswj xyuas zoo rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob feem ntau suav nrog:
- kev sim lub zog dielectric
- kev taug qab thiab kev sim tiv thaiv arc
- kev sim tiv taus cua sov
- kev ntsuam xyuas kev nqus dej noo
- kev ntsuam xyuas kev ntseeg tau (kev caij tsheb kauj vab thermal, kev ntsuam xyuas kev co, kev ntsuam xyuas kev laus)
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Cov Ntawv Thov Thermosetting hauv Kev Lag Luam Electronics
1. Kev Ntim Khoom Siv Semiconductor thiab Kev Ntim Khoom
Epoxy resin yog cov tshuaj molding uas nyiam siv rau cov integrated circuits. Nws cov haujlwm yog:
- tiv thaiv cov chips thiab cov hlau sib txuas los ntawm cov dej noo, hmoov av thiab kev cuam tshuam
- muab kev ruaj khov kho tshuab
- pab kom cua sov tawm (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias ntxiv nrog cov khoom siv thermally conductive xws li alumina)
Kev hloov pauv molding feem ntau yog siv rau kev tsim khoom loj ntawm cov pob khoom IC.
2. PCB (Printed Circuit Board) Substrate
FR-4 epoxy-fiberglass laminate yog tus qauv kev lag luam. Nws cov txiaj ntsig:
- kev rwb thaiv hluav taws xob siab
- kev ruaj khov zoo
- cov txheej txheem soldering uas tiv taus cua sov
- lub zog txaus los txhawb cov khoom
Dhau li ntawm FR-4, kuj tseem muaj cov phenolic-based laminates (pheej yig dua) rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yooj yim, txawm hais tias lawv cov kev ua tau zoo qis dua.
3. Kev Siv Potting Thiab Kev Txheej Txheem Conformal
Kev siv thermosetting rau kev ntim (kev sau thiab "kev kaw" cov voj voog hauv cov resin) hauv cov khoom siv fais fab, cov tsav tsheb LED, cov sensors, lossis cov modules tsheb. Nws cov txiaj ntsig suav nrog:
- kev tiv thaiv dej, kev co thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg
- tiv thaiv kev nkag mus rau lub cev (anti-tamper)
- ua kom cov rwb thaiv tsev ntau ntxiv thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov hluav taws xob luv luv
4. Cov Cheebtsam Insulator thiab Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob
Cov tshuaj phenolic, melamine, lossis epoxy yog siv rau:
- hloov chaw nyob
- lub davhlau ya nyob twg thaiv
- cov khoom rwb thaiv tsev
- qhov chaw uas xav tau kev tiv thaiv cua sov thiab kev tiv thaiv arc
Cov thermosets zoo dua vim tias lawv tsis mos thaum qhov kub hauv zos nce siab.
5. Cov nplaum hluav taws xob
Cov epoxies thermosetting kuj tseem siv tau ua:
- Cov nplaum rau cov khoom sib xyaw
- kev sau tsis txaus ntawm BGA / CSP kom ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv rau kev hloov pauv thermal
- nplaum rau ntau hom pob khoom semiconductor
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Cov Teeb Meem thiab Cov Qauv ntawm Kev Loj Hlob
Txawm hais tias nws muaj qhov zoo, thermosetting muaj cov kev txwv: nws nyuaj rau rov ua dua tshiab vim tias nws tsis tuaj yeem yaj dua. Tam sim no, kev lag luam tab tom txav mus rau:
- Cov qauv VOC qis thiab zoo rau ib puag ncig
- cov thermosets uas muaj peev xwm de-bonding lossis dynamic networks (vitrimers) uas yooj yim dua rau kev rov ua dua
- nce thermal conductivity rau cov khoom siv fais fab siab
- kev txo qis kev ntxhov siab sab hauv kom tsis txhob tawg hauv cov pob khoom semiconductor tshiab
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Xaus
Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom rau cov yas thermosetting yog nyob ntawm kev tsim cov resin thiab kev kho, uas ua rau muaj cov qauv txuas mus tas li. Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom xws li kev nias molding, kev hloov molding, RIM, thiab lamination tso cai rau cov thermosets nrhiav kev siv dav hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob - los ntawm IC ntim thiab PCBs mus rau module potting thiab txawm tias cov khoom rwb thaiv tsev. Nrog rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob niaj hnub no xav tau kev tiv thaiv cua sov, kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm qhov ntev, thermosetting tseem yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb, tsav tsheb tsim kho tshiab rau kev ua haujlwm zoo dua thiab kev ruaj khov.
Yog tias koj xav tau, kuv tuaj yeem hloov kho tsab xov xwm no mus rau hauv cov qauv kev siv tshuab ntau dua (nrog rau cov piv txwv ntawm cov kev kho kom zoo, cov hom epoxy hardener, lossis cov qauv UL / IPC) lossis cov qauv nrov dua rau cov neeg nyeem dav dav.
