Yuav Ua Li Cas Thiaj Ua Tau Polyester Yas Thiab Nws Siv Hauv Cov Ntawv Siv Textile
Polyester yog ib qho ntawm cov yas tsim tawm dav tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, feem ntau yog cov fibers rau kev lag luam textile. Hauv lub neej txhua hnub, polyester yog tam sim no ua cov ntaub khaub ncaws, xov xaws, ntaub thaiv qhov rais, ntaub pua chaw pw, thiab txawm tias ua cov khoom sib xyaw kom ua rau cov ntaub muaj zog dua. Chemically, polyester yog ib qho polymer uas muaj cov saw ntev los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm qee cov monomers los ntawm cov txheej txheem polymerization. Hom feem ntau siv rau textiles yog PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate), ib yam khoom siv kuj hu ua cov khoom siv fwj dej haus. Tsab xov xwm no tham txog kev piav qhia txog yuav ua li cas ua cov yas polyester (tshwj xeeb yog PET) thiab nws cov kev siv hauv kev siv textile, nrog rau nws cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev txwv.
Yas polyester yog dab tsi?
"Polyester" yog ib lo lus rau ib pawg polymers uas muaj cov pawg ester hauv lawv cov saw hlau. Qhov paub zoo tshaj plaws yog PET, vim nws yooj yim tsim ntau, muaj zog, ruaj khov, thiab tuaj yeem ua tiav rau hauv cov fibers zoo rau ntaub. PET yog ua los ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb:
1. Terephthalic acid (TPA) los yog nws cov dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) derivative
2. Ethylene glycol (EG)
Thaum ob yam khoom no ua haujlwm, cov saw polymer ntev tau tsim. Cov saw no yog cov yas polyester. Txawm li cas los xij, kom dhau los ua cov ntaub ntawv textile, PET tsis yog tsuas yog tsim; nws yuav tsum tau ua tiav los ntawm kev yaj, tig, kos duab, thiab kho kom zoo nkauj kom ua tiav cov khoom siv kho tshuab xav tau.
Cov ntaub ntawv raw thiab cov ntsiab cai ntawm kev ua tshuaj rau kev tsim polyester
Feem ntau, kev tsim khoom PET yog ua tiav los ntawm ob theem tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm:
1. Esterification lossis transesterification
– Yog siv TPA + EG: esterification tshwm sim, tsim cov oligomers thiab dej ua cov khoom seem.
– Yog siv DMT + EG: transesterification tshwm sim, tsim cov oligomers thiab methanol ua cov khoom seem.
2. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntau zaus
Cov oligomers ces ua rau muaj cov molecules ntev dua (polymers) thaum tso cov molecules me dua (dej lossis ethylene glycol). Qhov ntev ntawm cov saw (qhov hnyav molecular) ntawm PET txiav txim siab qhov muaj zog ntawm cov fiber uas tshwm sim.
Ntawm qhov ntsuas kev lag luam, cov txheej txheem no tau ua tiav ntawm qhov kub thiab txias siab thiab qhov chaw nqus tsev kom cov khoom seem raug tshem tawm sai sai kom qhov kev tawm tsam rau kev tsim cov polymers ntev zoo dua.
Yuav ua li cas los ua cov yas polyester (PET) feem ntau
Cov hauv qab no piav qhia txog cov theem ntawm kev tsim cov polyester los ntawm kev xav txog cov txheej txheem kev lag luam. Yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qhov no yog kev piav qhia txog lub tswv yim; kev tsim khoom tiag tiag xav tau lub Hoobkas tshuaj uas muaj kev tswj hwm kev nyab xeeb siab.
1. Kev npaj cov khoom siv raw
Cov khoom siv raw TPA/DMT thiab ethylene glycol raug ntxuav ua ntej. Kev huv yog qhov tseem ceeb vim tias cov khoom tsis huv tuaj yeem ua rau daj, txo lub zog, lossis tiv thaiv kev tsim cov saw ntev.
2. Kev pib ua haujlwm: esterification lossis transesterification
Cov khoom siv raw raug cua sov hauv lub reactor. Nyob rau theem no, monomer / oligomer esters raug tsim.
- Yog siv cov chaw pov tseg, dej yuav tsim thiab yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm.
– Yog siv DMT, methanol yuav tsim thiab sib cais.
Cov theem no txiav txim siab qhov zoo pib ntawm cov oligomers nrog rau qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tom qab.
3. Polycondensation los tsim cov polymers
Cov oligomer sib tov raug cua sov ntawm qhov kub siab dua, feem ntau nrog kev pab los ntawm catalyst. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv txuas ntxiv mus, tso tawm cov khoom seem (piv txwv li, ethylene glycol) los ua kom cov saw polymer ntev dua. Nyob rau theem no, lub tshuab nqus tsev feem ntau siv los ua kom cov molecule me me tawm sai dua, ua rau cov polymerization ua haujlwm tau zoo dua.
Qhov tshwm sim yog cov PET tuab yaj, zoo ib yam li zib ntab tuab heev, uas npaj txhij los ua cov pellets lossis ncaj qha mus rau hauv cov fibers.
4. Kev tsim cov chip/pellet thiab ziab
PET feem ntau yog tsim tawm hauv daim ntawv chip (pellet). Thaum cov polymer tau tsim, cov khoom siv raug txias thiab txiav ua cov granules me me. Cov pellets no tom qab ntawd qhuav vim tias dej noo tuaj yeem ua rau puas tsuaj (saw tawg) thaum rov yaj. Qhov kev ziab no yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb ua ntej cov txheej txheem fiber spinning.
5. Kev sib hloov fiber (kev sib hloov yaj)
Hauv kev lag luam textile, PET feem ntau hloov mus ua cov fibers siv txoj kev sib hloov yaj:
- Cov khoom ua los ntawm PET raug yaj dua.
- Cov yaj raug thawb los ntawm lub spinneret (ib hom pwm uas muaj qhov me me).
- Tawm los ua cov filaments zoo thiab tom qab ntawd txias rau hauv cov fibers.
Lub thickness ntawm cov fiber tuaj yeem hloov kho los ntawm qhov loj ntawm lub qhov spinneret thiab qhov rub ceev.
6. Kev kos duab thiab kev teeb tsa cua sov
Cov fibers tshiab tsim tsis tau muaj zog heev. Yuav kom ua kom muaj zog thiab ruaj khov, cov fibers raug:
– Kev Kos Duab: Cov xov paj raug ncab kom sib dhos cov saw hlau polymer kom tsis tu ncua. Qhov no ua rau lub zog tensile thiab kev ruaj khov nce ntxiv.
- Kev teeb tsa cua sov: tswj cua sov kom xauv cov qauv thiab tswj qib ntawm crystallinity, cuam tshuam rau elasticity, gloss, thiab dimensional stability.
7. Txiav los yog ua kom zoo nkauj
Nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj, polyester fiber tuaj yeem yog:
- Tso tseg ua ib txoj xov txuas ntxiv mus (rau cov ntaub zoo lossis qee cov xov paj).
- Txiav ua cov xov staple (cov xov luv luv) thiab tom qab ntawd xaws zoo li paj rwb.
- Kev kho mob texturizing muab rau kom muaj cov nyhuv curly / voluminous kom nws zoo li fuller thiab xis dua rau hnav.
Kev siv cov polyester hauv kev lag luam textile
Polyester tau dhau los ua ib qho khoom nyiam hauv kev lag luam textile vim nws cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke: lub zog, kev ruaj khov, kev ziab sai, thiab kev yooj yim ntawm kev tsim khoom loj. Nov yog nws cov kev siv tseem ceeb:
1. Kev hnav khaub ncaws thiab zam txhua hnub
Polyester siv rau cov tsho t-shirts, tsho, tsho loj, tiab, thiab ntau yam khoom siv zam. Polyester feem ntau yog sib xyaw nrog paj rwb (poly-cotton) los ua:
- Txo cov teeb meem sib txuas,
- Ua kom qhuav sai dua,
- Ua kom lub zog tsim kua muag thiab lub neej ua haujlwm ntev dua.
2. Cov khaub ncaws ua si thiab sab nraum zoov
Rau kev ua kis las, polyester zoo tshaj vim tias:
- Tsis nqus dej ntau npaum li cov fibers ntuj,
- Qhuav sai, tsim nyog rau kev ua ub ua no hnyav,
- Yooj yim rau kev ua cov ntaub "ntub dej" (hloov cov hws los ntawm daim tawv nqaij mus rau saum npoo ntawm cov ntaub).
Cov tsho tiv nag, cov tsho jerseys, cov ris tsho cob qhia, thiab txawm tias cov khaub ncaws hiking feem ntau siv polyester.
3. Cov ntaub hauv tsev
Polyester siv dav hauv cov ntaub pua chaw pw, cov ntaub hauv ncoo, cov pam, cov ntaub thaiv qhov rais, thiab cov ntaub upholstery vim tias:
- Tiv taus kev ntsws,
- Tiv taus cov xim tsis zoo,
- Ruaj khov thiab tsis yooj yim ncab,
- Pheej yig dua li qee cov fiber ntuj.
4. Cov khoom tsis yog woven thiab cov khoom lag luam
Polyester kuj tseem muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv tsis yog woven rau:
- Interlining (txheej sab hauv ntawm cov khaub ncaws),
– Lim yooj yim,
- Geotextiles,
- Qee qhov kev rwb thaiv tsev thermal,
- Cov khoom siv txheej lossis cov khoom siv txhawb zog hauv cov khoom sib xyaw.
5. Xov xaws thiab cov khoom siv textile
Cov xov polyester nrov vim tias:
- Muaj zog,
- Tsis yooj yim tawg,
- Tiv taus kev sib txhuam,
- Haum rau cov tshuab xaws ceev ceev.
Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, polyester siv rau hauv cov ribbons, ropes, nets, thiab webbing.
Cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev txwv ntawm polyester rau cov ntaub
Cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb:
- Muaj zog thiab ruaj khov
- Tiv taus kev ntxhov siab thiab ruaj khov
- Qhuav sai thiab yooj yim saib xyuas
- Yooj yim sib xyaw nrog lwm cov fibers
- Cov nqi tsim khoom tsawg heev
Cov Kev Txwv:
- Tsis nqus dej ntau dua li paj rwb, yog li qee tus neeg xav tias "kub"
- Muaj peev xwm tsim hluav taws xob static
- Muaj peev xwm khaws cov ntxhiab tsw yog tias cov ntaub tiav tsis zoo
- Cov teeb meem ib puag ncig: los ntawm cov roj av thiab tuaj yeem tsim cov microplastics thaum ntxuav.
Yog li ntawd, cov kev tsim kho tshiab niaj hnub no feem ntau yog tsom mus rau kev nplij siab ntxiv (tiv thaiv cov ntxhiab tsw, zoo dua wicking) nrog rau kev daws teeb meem ib puag ncig xws li polyester rov ua dua tshiab (rPET).
Kev kaw
Yas Polyester, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog PET, yog ua los ntawm kev sib xyaw tshuaj ntawm terephthalic acid (lossis DMT) thiab ethylene glycol, ua raws li polycondensation los tsim cov polymer ntev. Tom qab ntawd, polyester raug ua tiav rau hauv cov fibers los ntawm kev sib hloov yaj, kos duab, thiab teeb tsa cua sov kom ua tiav lub zog thiab ruaj khov. Polyester yog siv dav hauv cov ntawv thov textile - los ntawm cov khaub ncaws thiab cov khaub ncaws ua si mus rau cov ntaub hauv tsev, mus rau cov ntawv thov kev lag luam - vim nws lub zog, qhuav sai, thiab kev siv nyiaj tsim nyog. Txawm hais tias nws muaj kev txwv hauv kev nplij siab thiab kev txhawj xeeb txog ib puag ncig, polyester tseem yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev lag luam textile, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum cov thev naus laus zis tiav thiab rov ua dua tshiab tsim los daws cov teeb meem niaj hnub no.
Yog tias koj xav tau, kuv tuaj yeem hloov kho tsab xov xwm no mus rau hauv ib qho version uas muaj kev txawj ntse ntau dua (nrog cov qauv teb), lossis ib qho version yooj yim dua rau cov haujlwm hauv tsev kawm ntawv.
