Ka Hoʻolaha ʻana o nā Waiwai Kūlohelohe o Indonesia
ʻO Indonesia, ʻo ia ka lāhui pae ʻāina nui loa o ka honua, ua hoʻopōmaikaʻi ʻia me nā waiwai kūlohelohe he nui. Mai Sabang a i Merauke, ua hoʻolaha like ʻia kēia mau waiwai, e hoʻopuni ana i nā ʻano waiwai like ʻole, me ka hana ʻeli mineral, ka ululāʻau, ka mahiʻai, a me nā waiwai kai. Me nā mokupuni he 17.000 a ʻoi, ua haʻaheo ʻo Indonesia i ka waiwai o ka biodiversity a me ka geodiversity, a me ka nui o nā waiwai kūlohelohe i mākaukau e ʻimi ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia no ka pono o kona poʻe. E wehewehe kēia ʻatikala i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā waiwai kūlohelohe ma Indonesia ma ke ʻano a me ka ʻāina.
1. Nā Kumuwaiwai Minerala a me ka Mining
Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Indonesia he ʻāina waiwai i nā kumuwaiwai mineral. ʻO nā mokupuni nui e like me Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, a me Papua nā wahi mineral a me nā wahi eli nui ai. ʻO Kalimantan, ma ke ʻano kūikawā, ua kaulana ʻo ia he kikowaena eli lanahu, me ka hapa nui o nā mea hana nui loa ma kēia wahi. ʻO ka lanahu kekahi o nā waiwai hoʻokuʻu nui a Indonesia.
Ma waho aʻe o ka lanahu, he nui nā waihona gula a me ke keleawe o Papua. ʻO ka Grasberg Mine ma Papua, i mālama ʻia e PT Freeport Indonesia, ʻo ia kekahi o nā lua gula a me ke keleawe nui loa ma ka honua. Ua kaulana ʻo Sulawe no kāna hana nickel kiʻekiʻe, ʻoiai ʻo Bangka Belitung kahi kikowaena no ka hana tin.
Eia kekahi, aia ka hiki ke loaʻa ka ʻaila a me ke kinoea. ʻO nā mokupuni ʻo Java, Sumatra, a me Kalimantan nā wahi hana ʻaila a me ke kinoea nui. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka Rokan Block a me ka Mahakam Block kekahi o nā wahi hana ʻaila a me ke kinoea nui loa ma Sumatra a me Kalimantan.
2. Nā Kumuwaiwai Ululāʻau
He wahi nui ko Indonesia o nā ululāʻau wela, e lilo ia i home no nā ʻano mea kanu a me nā holoholona like ʻole. Ua pālahalaha ʻia kēia mau ululāʻau ma nā mokupuni nui e like me Papua, Kalimantan, a me Sumatra. He kuleana koʻikoʻi ko nā ululāʻau Indonesia i loko o ka ʻōnaehana ola honua ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokahe kalapona a me nā mea hana oxygen.
ʻO Papua ka ʻāina ulu lāʻau wela i mālama maikaʻi ʻia a nui loa ma Indonesia, nona ka nui o nā ʻano like ʻole i hoʻohana ʻole ʻia. Ma Kalimantan, ʻo Tanjung Puting National Park, i kaulana no kona heluna orangutan hihiu, he laʻana maikaʻi loa ia o ka mālama ʻana i ka ululāʻau. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻoiai ko lākou waiwai nui, ke kū nei nā ululāʻau o Indonesia i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi ma ke ʻano o ka luku ʻāina a me ka ʻoki lāʻau kū ʻole i ke kānāwai.
ʻO nā huahana ululāʻau e like me ka lāʻau, ka rattan, a me nā mea kanu ululāʻau ʻē aʻe kekahi o nā mea kōkua i ka hoʻokele waiwai, ʻoiai pono e kaulike ʻia kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana me nā hana mālama i ʻole e hōʻino i ka ʻōnaehana ola e kū nei.
3. Mahiʻai a me nā mahiʻai
He mau ʻāpana koʻikoʻi ka mahiʻai a me nā mahi kanu o ka hoʻokele waiwai o Indonesia, e kākoʻo ana i ke ola o ka heluna kanaka nui ma nā kuaʻāina. ʻO Java, me kona lepo momona a me nā muliwai he nui, he kikowaena no ka mahi ʻana i nā mea kanu like ʻole e like me ka laiki, ka kulina, a me ka soybeans. ʻO kēia ka mea e hoʻolilo ai iā Java i ka hīnaʻi meaʻai o ka lāhui.
Ua kaulana ʻo Sumatra lāua ʻo Kalimantan no kā lāua mau māla ʻaila pama a me ka laholio nui. He mau mea hoʻokuʻu nui kēia mau waiwai ʻelua a he mea kōkua nui i ka loaʻa kālā o ka mokuʻāina. Eia kekahi, ʻo Indonesia kekahi o nā mea hana nui o ke kofe a me ke kī, ʻo Sumatra, Java, a me Sulawesi nā wahi hana nui.
Ua hoʻolaha nui ʻia nā mea kanu māla e like me nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu ma nā wahi like ʻole, e kākoʻo ana i nā pono meaʻai kūloko a me nā mākeke hoʻokuʻu aku.
4. Nā Hana Moana a me ka Lawaiʻa
Ma ke ʻano he lāhui moana, he nui nā wai ʻāina o Indonesia me ka hiki ke kai nui. Hoʻolōʻihi ʻia nā kumuwaiwai lawaiʻa kai mai ka Moana ʻInia a i ka Moana Pākīpika. Ua kaulana ʻo Indonesia hikina, e like me Maluku lāua ʻo Papua, no kona ʻano like ʻole o ke kai.
ʻO Indonesia kekahi o nā mea hoʻopuka nui loa o nā huahana lawaiʻa o ka honua, me nā huahana koʻikoʻi e like me ka tuna, ka ʻōpae, a me ka limu. ʻO ke Kai Java, ke Kai Sulawesi, a me ke Kai Banda kekahi o nā wahi nui no ka lawaiʻa ma Indonesia.
ʻOi aku ka hiki ke kai ma mua o ka lawaiʻa. He ʻāpana hoʻokele waiwai hoʻohiki nō hoʻi ka mākaʻikaʻi kai, me nā wahi kaulana o ka honua no ka snorkeling a me ka luʻu ʻana e like me Raja Ampat ma Papua, Bunaken ma Sulawesi, a me Gili Trawangan ma Lombok.
5. Ikehu Hou
Ma waho aʻe o nā wahie fossil, loaʻa iā Indonesia ka hiki ke hoʻomohala i ka ikehu hou. Hoʻolaha ʻia nā kumu ikehu geothermal ma ke apo ahi o ka Pākīpika, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma nā mokupuni ʻo Java, Sumatra, a me Sulawesi. Loaʻa iā Indonesia ka lua o nā waihona geothermal nui loa o ka honua, e lilo ia i kikowaena honua no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ikehu geothermal.
Ke piʻi nei ka nānā ʻana i ka hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka ikehu lā a me ka makani i ko mākou ʻimi ʻana e hōʻemi i ko mākou hilinaʻi ʻana i nā wahie mōʻalihaku. Ua kaulana ʻo East Nusa Tenggara no kona hiki ke hoʻohana nui i ka ikehu makani, ʻoiai ʻo ka hapa nui o Indonesia he hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia mai ka ikehu lā.
Ka hopena
Loaʻa iā Indonesia ka nui a me ka like ʻole o nā kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe. Eia nō naʻe, he mea nui nā pilikia o ka mālama ʻana a me ka hoʻomau ʻana i kēia mau kumuwaiwai no ka hōʻoia ʻana i ko lākou ola ʻana no nā hanauna e hiki mai ana. Pono e hana ʻia nā hana hoʻolālā e mālama i ke kaulike ma waena o ka hoʻohana pono ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai a me ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni.
Pono ke aupuni Indonesia e hoʻomau i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā lula a me nā kulekele e kākoʻo ana i ke kūpaʻa o ke kaiapuni, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono o nā kaiāulu kūloko, a hoʻomohala i nā ʻenehana hou no ka hoʻohana pono ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe. Ma ka hoʻokele naʻauao ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe, hiki iā Indonesia ke hōʻoia e lilo maoli kāna waiwai kūlohelohe i waiwai e hāʻawi ana i nā pono nui i ka lāhui holoʻokoʻa.
