ke kālaikūlohea

1. Manawa o ka inertia o ka ʻāpana

E nānā hou i kahi ʻāpana e wili ana. Hāʻawi ʻia ka ʻāpana me ke kaumaha m i ka ikaika F i hiki ai i ka ʻāpana ke wili a puni ke axis O. Aia ka ʻāpana r ma kahi kaʻawale mai ke axis o ka wili ʻana. ʻO ka mea mua, ua hoʻomaha ka ʻāpana (v = 0). Ma hope o ka neʻe ʻana e ka ikaika o F, neʻe nā ʻāpana me kahi wikiwiki i hiki ai i nā ʻāpana ke loaʻa ka wikiwiki tangential. Hōʻike ʻia ka pilina ma waena o ka ikaika (F), ka nuipa (m), a me ka wikiwiki tangential o nā ʻāpana e ka hoohalike 3:

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Ka wehewehe ʻana o ke au uila

I loko o kahi alakaʻi e like me ke keleawe, aia nā electrons e neʻe wale ana ma ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe me ka manuahi akā ʻaʻole e pakele mai ka metala. ʻO nā electrons e hiki ke neʻe manuahi ua kapa ʻia ʻo free electrons. ʻOiai ke neʻe manuahi nei nā electrons i nā ʻaoʻao āpau, ʻaʻohe kahe holoʻokoʻa o nā electrons i kahi kuhikuhi kikoʻī. Hana ʻia kēia kūlana ke ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa hiki ma waena o nā wēlau ʻelua o ke kaula keleawe.

Ke hoʻopili ʻia ke kaula i kahi kumu uila, kū mai kahi ʻokoʻa hiki ma waena o nā wēlau ʻelua o ke kaula keleawe, i ʻike ʻia ai kahi kahua uila i loko o ke kaula keleawe. ʻO ke ola ʻana o kahi kahua uila e hoʻoulu ai i nā electrons manuahi e ʻike i ka ikaika uila F = q E = e E, kahi F = ikaika uila , e = uku uila, E = kahua uila . ʻO kēia ikaika uila ke kumu o nā electrons āpau e neʻe manuahi ana e wikiwiki pū, ʻo ia ke kuhikuhi like me ka ikaika uila.

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ʻAtikala e pili ana i ka wehewehe ʻana o ka capacitor

ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana o ka capacitor he mea hana e mālama i ka hoʻouku uila a me ka ikehu hiki ke uila. ʻO ka capacitor maʻalahi he mau papa a i ʻole nā ​​​​pepa ʻelua-alakaʻi i kau kokoke ʻia akā ʻaʻole e hoʻopā kekahi i kekahi a ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e kahi insulator a i ʻole kahi vacuum. ʻO nā conductors nā mea hiki ke alakaʻi i ke au uila e like me nā metala, ʻoiai ʻo nā insulators nā mea hiki ʻole ke alakaʻi i ke au uila e like me ka plastic.

I ka wā mua, ʻaʻole i hoʻopiha ʻia nā alakaʻi ʻelua i ka uila a i ʻole ke kūlike ʻole o ka uila. I mea e hoʻopiha maikaʻi ʻia ai kekahi alakaʻi a hoʻopiha maikaʻi ʻole ʻia kekahi alakaʻi, a laila pono e hoʻoili ʻia nā electrons mai kekahi alakaʻi i kekahi. Aia nā electrons ma luna o ka ʻili o ka ʻātoma, no laila maʻalahi lākou e neʻe. Ma hope o ka neʻe ʻana o nā electrons mai kekahi alakaʻi i kekahi, loaʻa i kekahi o nā alakaʻi ka nui o nā electrons (nele i nā protons).

i lilo ai ia i mea hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻole, ʻoiai ʻo ke alakaʻi ʻē aʻe he hemahema electron (proton keu) i lilo ai ia i mea hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi. Ua nānā hou ʻia kahi wehewehe kikoʻī o ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i nā uku uila ma nā capacitors ma ke kumuhana o ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu uila i loko o nā capacitors.

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Ka wehewehe ʻana o ka hiki ke uila

Ua wehewehe ʻia ka hiki ke uila ʻo ia ka ikehu hiki ke uila no kēlā me kēia anakahi uku. Manaʻo ʻia aia ma ke kiko a, ua like ka ikehu hiki ke uila o ka uku q me EP _a , a laila ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka hiki ke uila ma ke kiko a penei:

V = ka hiki ke uila, EP = ka ikehu hiki ke uila, q = ka hoʻouku uila

ʻAʻole wale ʻo V ma ke kiko a akā ma nā kiko āpau o ke kahua uila. Hoʻohana ʻia ke kiko a ma ke ʻano he laʻana. E like me ka mea e wehewehe ʻia ma hope, ʻaʻole hilinaʻi ka V i ka uku q.

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ʻAtikala e pili ana i ka ikehu hiki ke uila

Ma mua o ke aʻo ʻana i kēia kumuhana, e hoʻomaopopo mua i ka hana, nā mana conservative, ka pilina ma waena o nā mana conservative me ka ikehu hiki , nā mana uila a me ke kahua uila.

ʻO ka ikaika uila ka ikaika mālama

Ma waho aʻe o ka ikaika umekaumaha a me ka ikaika puna, ʻo kekahi laʻana o ka ikaika conservative ʻo ia ka ikaika uila. No ka hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi ʻana i ke kumu i kapa ʻia ai ka ikaika uila ʻo ka ikaika conservative, e hoʻomaopopo i ka wehewehe ʻana ma lalo nei.

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ʻAtikala e pili ana i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke kahua uila me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kānāwai Gauss

Kahua uila ma o kahi hoʻopiʻi kiko hoʻokahi

No ka helu ʻana i ke kahua uila i hana ʻia e kahi uku maikaʻi hoʻokahi, ʻo ka hana mua, ʻo ke koho ʻana i ka ʻili poepoe Gauss me ka radius r kahi o ke kikowaena o ka poepoe ma ka uku hoʻokahi. ʻO ka ʻili o ka pōpō he 4πr².

ʻO ke kahua uila e puka mai ana mai ke kikowaena o ka poepoe e komo pololei ana i ka ʻili o ka poepoe i hiki ai ke ʻano o ke kahe uila he Φ = E A. ʻO ke ʻano o ke kānāwai o Gauss ʻo Φ = Q/ε _o

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ʻAtikala e pili ana i ke kānāwai o Gauss

E pili ana i ke kānāwai o Coulomb , ua aʻo ʻia ka ikaika ma waena o nā uku uila. Ma kahi loiloi o ke kahua uila, ua kūkākūkā ʻia kekahi ʻano o ke kānāwai o Coulomb, i hōʻike ʻia e ka hoohalike F = q E,

kahi ʻo F ka ikaika uila, ʻo q ka uku uila a ʻo E ke kahua uila. Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ke kānāwai o Coulomb he kānāwai o ka physics e wehewehe ana i ka pilina ma waena o ka uku uila (q) a me ke kahua uila (E).

ʻO ke kānāwai o Gauss kekahi kānāwai physics e wehewehe ana i ka pilina ma waena o nā uku uila a me nā kahua uila. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke kānāwai o Gauss e Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855), he physicist theoretical Kelemania a he makemakika.

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Ka wehewehe ʻana o ke kahe uila

E pili ana i ke kahua uila, ua kūkākūkā ʻia ka wehewehe ʻana a me ka hoʻohālikelike o ke kahua uila i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e helu i ka ikaika o ke kahua uila i hana ʻia e kahi uku uila, kekahi mau uku uila a i ʻole e kahi hoʻolaha uku uila. ʻO ka helu ʻana o ka ikaika o ke kahua uila i hana ʻia e kahi uku uila a i ʻole ʻelua mau uku uila e hoʻoponopono maʻalahi ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano o ka ikaika o ke kahua uila. Inā ʻo ka mea i helu ʻia ʻo ia ka ikaika o ke kahua uila i hana ʻia e kahi hoʻolaha uku uila, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka helu ʻana inā hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano no ka ikaika o ke kahua uila, akā ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kānāwai o Gauss . Ma mua o ke aʻo ʻana i ke kānāwai Gauss me ka hohonu, e hoʻomaopopo mua i ka flux uila ma muli o ke kumumanaʻo o ka flux uila i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke kānāwai Gauss.

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