Kumumanaʻo Kinetic
Hiki ke wehewehe ʻia ke kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kumumanaʻo kinetic. E like me nā molekala kinoea, neʻe pū nā molekala wai. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole hiki i nā molekala wai ke hoʻokaʻawale no ka mea hiki nō i nā mana huki ma waena o lākou ke hoʻopaʻa iā lākou. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ua nāwaliwali loa nā mana huki ma waena o nā molekala kinoea, no laila ʻaʻole hiki i nā molekala kinoea ke pili pū. Ke neʻe nei, he wikiwiki ko nā molekala wai. He wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe ko kekahi mau molekala wai, aʻo kekahi he haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā wikiwiki molekala wai e like me ka hoʻolaha Maxwell.
Hana ʻia ka mahu ʻana i ka wā e lawa ai ka wikiwiki o nā molekala wai, a hiki ʻole i ka ikaika huki ma waena o nā molekala wai ke hoʻopaʻa iā lākou. E like me ka neʻe ʻana o kahi rocket i ka lewa, ua lawa ka wikiwiki o ka rocket i hiki ʻole i ka ikaika umekaumaha o ka honua ke kāohi iā ia mai ka noho ʻana ma ka honua. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo nā molekala wale nō me nā wikiwiki nui ke hiki ke pakele mai nā ikaika huki ma waena o nā molekala. Hoʻohui mau nā molekala me nā wikiwiki liʻiliʻi e hana i ka wai.
Loaʻa i nā molekala wai ka nuipa a me ka wikiwiki a i ʻole ka wikiwiki i loaʻa i nā molekala wai ka ikehu kinetic (EK = 1/2 mv2). ʻOi aku ka nui o ka ikehu kinetic o nā molekula wai me nā wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā molekula wai me nā wikiwiki haʻahaʻa. No laila, hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia he nui loa ka ikehu kinetic o nā molekula wai e hiki ke pakele i nā mana hoʻowalewale ma waena o nā molekula (nā molekula wai e lilo i mahu). ʻO ka maʻamau, piʻi ka ikehu kinetic o nā molekula wai i ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana o ka wai. Inā lawa ka mahana o ka wai, piʻi ka ikehu kinetic o nā molekula wai. No laila, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wai e lilo i mahu. Kūlike kēia me nā hopena noiʻi e hōʻike ana he ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wikiwiki o ka mahu ʻana ma nā mahana kiʻekiʻe.
Ke hoʻomaloʻo mākou i nā lole pulu i ka lā, omo nā lole pulu i ka wela i hoʻopuka ʻia e ka lā. ʻO ka ikehu hou mai ka lā e hoʻonui ai i ka ikehu kinetic o nā molekula wai i loko o nā lole. Ma muli o ka piʻi ʻana o ka ikehu kinetic, neʻe wikiwiki nā molekula wai (piʻi ka wikiwiki o nā molekula wai). Ke hiki ko lākou wikiwiki a i ʻole ka ikehu kinetic i kahi waiwai, hiki i nā molekula wai ke pakele i nā mana huki ma waena o nā molekula wai, a laila lilo i mahu. He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo ʻaʻole i hoʻopili wale ʻia ka maloʻo ʻana o nā lole pulu e ka wela hou mai ka lā. Hiki i nā lole pulu ke maloʻo ma muli o ka wela hou mai ka ea mahana a puni nā lole (hoʻoili wela ma o ka hoʻoili ʻana mai ka lewa a i nā lole pulu).
I ka lā wela, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka wela o ka honua a i ʻole ka papahele. Hoʻomehana koke ka honua no ka mea he nui loa kona wela kikoʻī. Hoʻomehana ka honua i ka ea ma luna ona (i kēia hihia, hana ʻia ka hoʻoili wela ma o ka hoʻoili ʻana). Hoʻonui ka ea wela (emi kona mānoanoa) a neʻe i luna. Ke hele ia ma luna o nā lole pulu, kuʻi nā molekula ea me nā molekula wai i loko o nā lole. Neʻe wikiwiki nā molekula wai. No ka mea, neʻe wikiwiki lākou, piʻi ka ikehu kinetic o nā molekula wai. Kuʻi nā molekula wai e neʻe wikiwiki ana me nā molekula wai ʻē aʻe. No ka mea, ua kuʻi mau ʻia lākou e nā molekula ea, neʻe wikiwiki nā molekula wai (piʻi ko lākou ikehu kinetic).
Ke hiki aku ko lākou wikiwiki a i ʻole ka ikehu kinetic i kahi waiwai kikoʻī, hiki i nā mole wai e neʻe wikiwiki ana ke pakele i ka huki ʻana ma waena o nā mole a lilo i mahu… Pili loa ka ikehu kinetic o nā mole wai a i ʻole nā mole ea i ka mahana. Inā nui ka ikehu kinetic o nā mole wai, a laila i ka manawa like kiʻekiʻe ka mahana o ka wai. A i ʻole ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, i ka wā e kiʻekiʻe ai ka mahana o ka wai, pono e nui ka ikehu kinetic o nā mole wai. Pili pū ka ikehu kinetic i ka wikiwiki. ʻO ka nui o ka ikehu kinetic o nā mole, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wikiwiki o nā mole. A i ʻole, ʻo ka nui o ka wikiwiki o nā mole, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ikehu kinetic o nā mole.
Pehea lā ka wai wela? He kiʻekiʻe ka mahana o ka wai wela. No ka mea, he kiʻekiʻe ka mahana o ka wai, he nui ka ikehu kinetic awelika o nā molekula wai i loko o ka wai. No ka mea, he nui ka ikehu kinetic awelika o nā molekula wai, he nui nā molekula wai i loaʻa nā wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe (neʻe wikiwiki ka nui o nā molekula wai). Hiki i nā molekula wai me ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe ke pakele mai nā mana hoʻowalewale ma waena o nā molekula a lilo i mahu. ʻO nā molekula wai wale nō me ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe (nā molekula wai me ka ikehu kinetic nui) e pakele i ka mahu, ʻoiai ʻaʻole e lilo nā molekula wai me ka wikiwiki haʻahaʻa (nā molekula wai me ka ikehu kinetic liʻiliʻi) i mahu. No laila, i ka wā e loli ai nā molekula wai me ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe i mahu, e liʻiliʻi ka ikehu kinetic awelika o nā molekula wai e noho pū ana. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi o ka ikehu kinetic awelika, ʻo ka haʻahaʻa o ka mahana wai (e anuanu ka wai). Ma muli o kēia wehewehe pōkole, hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia he hana hoʻomaʻalili ka mahu ʻana.
ʻO ke kaʻina hana hoʻomaʻalili i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka mahu ʻana he mea maʻamau ia i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā. Ke wela loa ka ea, omo ke kino i ka nui o ka wela. No ka mālama ʻana i ka mahana o ke kino mau, hoʻokuʻu pinepine ke kino i ka wela ma o ka hou. No ka mea, loaʻa i ka hou ka wela hou mai ka lā a me ka ea a puni, piʻi ka ikehu kinetic o nā molekula hou. No ka mea, piʻi ka ikehu kinetic o nā molekula hou, piʻi ka wikiwiki o nā molekula hou. Lilo nā molekula hou i mahu. Ke mahu ka hou, manaʻo ke kino i ke anuanu. Eia kekahi laʻana... ʻO ka maʻamau ma hope o ka ʻauʻau ʻana, manaʻo ke anuanu ko mākou kino. ʻO kēia no ka mea, ʻo ka wai e pipili ana i ka ʻili o ka ʻili e mahu ana.
Hana ʻia ke kaʻina hana hoʻomake i hōʻike ʻia ma luna i kēlā me kēia lā. Hiki i ka wai kai, ka wai loko, a me ka wai muliwai ke hoʻomake pū…
Kaomi mahu
ʻO ke ʻano o ka mahu ma ʻaneʻi, ʻo ia ka mahu wai. E nānā i ke kiʻi. He pahu pani i piha i ka wai (manaʻo ʻia ua wehe ʻia ka ea i loko o ka pahu). Wahi a ke kumumanaʻo kinetic, ke neʻe mau nei nā molekala wai. Ke neʻe nei, loaʻa i nā molekala wai ka wikiwiki a me ka ikehu kinetic. Hiki i nā molekala wai i loaʻa ka wikiwiki a me ka ikehu kinetic ke pakele mai nā mana huki ma waena o nā molekala wai a lilo i mahu... Hana like ke kaʻina hana i nā molekala wai i loko o ka pahu ma kona ʻaoʻao. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, nui aʻe nā molekala wai e lilo i mahu. Ma muli o ka pani ʻia ʻana o ka pahu, ʻaʻole hiki i nā molekala wai i lilo i mahu ke pakele i ka lewa (ua paʻa nā molekala i loko o ka pahu). Ua lawa ka nui o nā molekala wai e lilo i mahu i hiki ke kū i waena o nā molekala a me nā paia o ka pahu.
ʻO kekahi o nā molekala e pā ana i nā paia o ka pahu e hoʻihoʻi ʻia i ka ʻili o ka wai a hui pū e hana i ka wai. Hoʻomau mau kēia kaʻina hana. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, e lilo ana nā molekala wai he nui i mahu (hoʻololi mai ka wai a i mahu). I ka manawa like, e hoʻi hou ana kekahi o nā molekala e pā ana i nā paia o ka pahu i wai (hoʻololi mai ka mahu a i wai). Inā like ka helu o nā molekala e loli ana mai ka wai a i mahu me ka helu o nā molekala e loli ana mai ka mahu a i wai, a laila e kū ke kaulike. Ke kū ke kaulike, ua ʻōlelo ʻia ka piko o ka pahu e loaʻa ana ka mahu ua piha… ʻO ke kaomi mahu ma ka ʻāpana piha ua kapa ʻia ʻo ke kaomi mahu piha.
ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana mai ka wai a i ka mahu ua kapa ʻia ʻo ka mahu. ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana mai ka mahu a i ka wai ua kapa ʻia ʻo ka condensation. E hoʻomaopopo ʻo ke kaomi mahu saturated e hilinaʻi wale ana i ka mahana a ʻaʻole i ka nui. Ke piʻi aʻe ka mahana o ka wai, piʻi aʻe ka ikehu kinetic o nā molekala wai.
Hoʻonui ʻia ka ikehu kinetic o nā molekala wai i mea e pono ai ke hoʻonui i ka wikiwiki o nā molekala wai. Ma kēia ʻano, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā molekala me ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe e lilo i mahu (hoʻololi i ke kūlana mai ka wai a i ka mahu). No ka mea ua paʻa ka nui o ka pahu, hilinaʻi wale ke kaomi mahu i ka helu o nā molekala (N) a me ka wikiwiki (v).
ʻO ka nui o nā molekala (ʻo ka nui o ka N) e hoʻololi i ka mahu a ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wikiwiki o kēia mau molekala (ʻo ka nui o ka v), ʻo ka nui o ka piʻi ʻana o ke kaomi mahu. No laila, e kū mai ke kaulike ma kahi kaomi mahu kiʻekiʻe. No laila, e piʻi pū ke kaomi mahu saturated. Loaʻa wale ke kaomi mahu saturated ke hiki i ke kaulike. Hōʻike kēia i ka loli o ke kaomi mahu saturated o ka wai me ka mahana.
Aia ke kaomi mahu i ka nui, akā, ʻaʻole ia ke kaomi mahu piha. Inā piʻi a emi paha ka nui o kahi pahu, e hiki ana ke kaulike. ʻO ke kiʻi ma luna nei, ʻo ia wale nō ke alakaʻi iā ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo i ke kaomi mahu piha e kū nei i ka lewa. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa, ma ke kiʻi ma mua, ua manaʻo mākou ʻaʻohe ea ma ka ʻāpana o ka pahu i loaʻa ʻole ka wai. No laila, ʻo ka ʻāpana o ka pahu i loaʻa ʻole ka wai ua noho wale ʻia e ka mahu wai. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ua piha mau ka ʻili o ka Honua i ka ea. ʻO nā kuʻi ʻana ma waena o nā mole mahu a me nā mole kinoea ʻē aʻe e hoʻolōʻihi wale i ka manawa e pono ai no ke kaulike e hiki ai i ke kaulike. Eia nō naʻe, e hiki ana ke kaulike i ka wā e like ai ka nui o nā mole wai e lilo i mahu me ka nui o nā mole mahu e lilo i wai.
