Ke aʻo ʻana i nā maʻi Allergy i nā ʻīlio
ʻO nā maʻi ʻaleka i nā ʻīlio kekahi o nā pilikia olakino maʻamau i loaʻa i ka hana kauka holoholona, ʻo ke kumu nui no ka mea pinepine kā lākou mau hōʻailona e hoʻohālikelike i nā maʻi ʻili ʻē aʻe a i ʻole nā maʻi ʻōpū. Ma keʻano laulā, ʻo nā maʻi ʻaleka he pane nui ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana pale i nā mea i ʻino ʻole i ka hapa nui o nā holoholona. Hiki i kēia mau mea hoʻonāukiuki, i kapa ʻia he allergens, ke hele mai mai ke kaiapuni, ka meaʻai, a i ʻole nā nahu parasite. He mea nui ke aʻo ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi ʻaleka i nā ʻīlio no ka mea he mau allergies a hana hou, hiki ke hōʻemi i ke ʻano o ke ola o ka holoholona, a hiki ke alakaʻi i nā kumukūʻai mālama ola lōʻihi no nā mea nona.
Ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana a me nā ʻano hana o nā maʻi allergies i nā ʻīlio
I loko o nā ʻīlio, loaʻa nā maʻi ʻaleka i ka wā e "ʻike hewa" ai ka ʻōnaehana pale i kahi mea he mea hoʻoweliweli, e hoʻoulu ai i ka mumū. Hiki i kēia hopena ke pili i nā antibodies (e like me IgE) a me nā cell mumū e like me nā cell mast. Ke komo kahi allergen i ke kino—ma o ka ʻili, ke ala hanu, a i ʻole ka ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe—hoʻokuʻu ke kino i nā mea hoʻopili mumū e like me ka histamine. ʻO ka hopena kēia i ka ʻūlū (pruritus), ka ʻulaʻula, ka pehu ʻana, a me ka huhū o ka ʻōpū. ʻO ka mea hoihoi, i loko o nā ʻīlio, ʻike pinepine ʻia nā maʻi ʻaleka ma ka ʻili ma mua o ke ala hanu, e like me ke kanaka.
Nā ʻano maʻamau o nā maʻi allergies
Ma keʻano lapaʻau, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā maʻi allergies ʻīlio i kekahi mau ʻano nui:
1. ʻO ka ʻili ʻaleka ʻuku (FAD)
He ʻano maʻamau loa kēia o ka maʻi ʻaleka. ʻAʻole nā ʻuku ponoʻī ke kumu nui o ka pilikia, akā, ʻo ka lawai ʻuku e hoʻoulu ai i ka pane ʻana o ka pale ʻana. Hiki i kahi ʻīlio koʻikoʻi ke ʻike i ka ʻū nui mai kekahi mau nahu. ʻO nā wahi i hoʻopilikia pinepine ʻia ʻo ke kua, ke kumu o ka huelo, nā ʻūhā, a me ka ʻōpū haʻahaʻa.
2. Nā maʻi ʻaleka kaiapuni / atopic dermatitis (Atopic Dermatitis/Atopy)
Hoʻoulu ʻia ka atopy e nā mea hoʻonāukiuki o ke kaiapuni e like me nā ʻuku lepo hale, ka pollen, ka ʻōpala, a i ʻole ka dander holoholona. Hōʻike pinepine ʻia nā hōʻailona i kēlā me kēia kau (no ka laʻana, i ka wā pua) a i ʻole i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa, ma muli o ka mea hoʻonāukiuki. ʻO nā wahi i hoʻopilikia pinepine ʻia e komo pū me nā pepeiao, ka maka, nā armpits, nā wahi interfacial, a me nā ʻili ʻili.
3. Nā maʻi ʻaleka meaʻai (Maʻi ʻaleka meaʻai / hopena meaʻai maikaʻi ʻole)
ʻO ka maʻamau, pili nā hopena alerike i ka meaʻai i nā protein kikoʻī, e like me ka moa, ka pipi, ka waiū, nā hua manu, a i ʻole kekahi ʻano iʻa. Eia nō naʻe, he mea nui e hoʻokaʻawale ma waena o nā alerike meaʻai, e pili ana i ka ʻōnaehana pale, a me nā intolerances meaʻai, e pili nui ana i ka ʻai ʻana. I nā ʻīlio, hoʻoulu pinepine nā alerike meaʻai i ka maneʻo mau, nā maʻi ʻili hou, a i kekahi manawa ka luaʻi a i ʻole ka diarrhea.
4. Ka maʻi ʻaleka pili
ʻAʻole pinepine, hiki i nā ʻīlio ke pane i nā mea kikoʻī e pili ana i ko lākou ʻili, e like me nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe papahele, kekahi mau shampoos, a i ʻole nā mea moe. ʻIke pinepine ʻia nā ʻeha ma nā wahi o ka ʻili e pili nui ana me ka ʻili, e like me ka ʻōpū a me nā pads wāwae.
Nā mea pilikia a me ka predisposition
Ua hōʻike ʻia kekahi mau haʻawina lapaʻau i kahi kumu genetic i ka atopic dermatitis, e hōʻike ana he ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o kekahi mau ʻano holoholona. ʻO nā ʻano holoholona e like me Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, West Highland White Terriers, French Bulldogs, a me German Shepherds e ʻōlelo pinepine ʻia i nā hōʻike o nā hihia atopy. Ma waho aʻe o ka ʻano holoholona, he kuleana ko ka makahiki: hoʻomaka pinepine ka atopy i ka wā ʻōpiopio (ma kahi o 6 mahina a 3 mau makahiki), ʻoiai hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā maʻi ʻaʻai i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO nā kūlana kaiapuni (ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe, ka ʻike ʻana i nā mites) a me ke kūlana mālama parasite e hoʻopilikia pū i ka pilikia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hōʻailona.
Nā hōʻailona lapaʻau i ʻike pinepine ʻia
Hiki ke ʻokoʻa loa nā hōʻailona o nā maʻi allergies ʻīlio, akā ʻo nā ʻano maʻamau i hōʻike pinepine ʻia:
– Ka ʻūlū nui, ka ʻūlū ʻana, ka palu ʻana, a i ʻole ke nahu ʻana o ka ʻili
ʻUlaʻula (erythema), ʻōpala, a i ʻole hives
– Ka nalowale o ka lauoho kūloko (alopecia) ma muli o ke kahakaha ʻana
– Ka mānoanoa a me ka ʻeleʻele o ka ʻili i nā hihia maʻi (lichenification/hyperpigmentation)
– Nā maʻi pepeiao e hele pinepine ana (otitis externa), nā pepeiao pilau, ka lulu pinepine ʻana o ke poʻo
– Nā maʻi ʻili lua e nā bacteria a i ʻole nā haʻi (e.g. Malassezia)
- I nā maʻi ʻaleka meaʻai: ka maʻi pākī, ka luaʻi ʻana, ka ʻū pinepine ʻana, a i ʻole nā noho maloʻo no ka manawa lōʻihi
Hoʻokumu pinepine nā ʻōuli mau i kahi "pōʻaiapuni ʻino" no ka mea ke hoʻoulu nei ka maneʻo i ka ʻūlū ʻana, hōʻino ka maneʻo i ka pale ʻili, a laila ulu nā microbes opportunistic, e hoʻonui ana i ka mumū, a ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi o ka maneʻo.
ʻAno hana hōʻoia: ala hana ʻanuʻu
ʻAʻole hiki ke hana mau ʻia ka ʻike ʻana i ka maʻi allergies ma muli o nā hōʻailona wale nō, no ka mea, hiki i nā ʻano maʻi ʻē aʻe ke hoʻohālike i nā maʻi allergies, e like me ka scabies, demodex, nā maʻi fungal dermatophyte, nā maʻi hormonal, a i ʻole nā pilikia pili i ke ʻano. No laila, hoʻohana pinepine nā kauka holoholona i kahi ala ʻanuʻu:
1. Anamnesis a me ka hoʻokolokolo kino
Hoʻokomo pū kēia i ka mōʻaukala kau, ke kaiapuni, ka ʻai, ka pane ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, a me ka nānā ʻana i ka pepeiao a me ka ʻili.
2. Ka nānā ʻana no nā parasites a me nā maʻi
ʻO ka ʻōpala ʻili, ka hoʻokolokolo microscopic, cytology, a i ʻole ka moʻomeheu e nānā i ka bacteria/fungi. Ke kānalua ʻia ka FAD, hana pinepine ʻia ka kaohi ʻana i nā ʻuku ʻoiai inā ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia nā ʻuku.
3. ʻAi hoʻopau no nā meaʻai i manaʻo ʻia he maʻi ʻaʻai
ʻO kēia paha ke "kūlana gula." Hānai ʻia ka ʻīlio i kahi meaʻai kūikawā (kahi protein hou a i ʻole ka meaʻai hydrolyzed) no 8-12 mau pule me ka ʻole o nā meaʻai hou. Inā hoʻomaikaʻi ka ʻīlio, hana ʻia kahi hoʻāʻo hoʻonāukiuki (e hoʻi ana i ka meaʻai kahiko) e hōʻoia i ka hōʻailona.
4. Hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka maʻi ʻaleka no ka atopy
Ke hoʻokumu paʻa ʻia kahi hōʻailona lapaʻau o ka atopy, hiki i ka hoʻāʻo intradermal a i ʻole ka hoʻāʻo koko (serological IgE) ke kōkua i ka ʻike ʻana i nā allergens kaiapuni no ka immunotherapy. He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia kēia mau hoʻāʻo e "ʻike i ka atopy mai ka wā ʻole," akā, e ʻike i nā allergens pili.
Nā kumumanaʻo o ka mālama ʻana a me ka hoʻōla ʻana
ʻAʻole pinepine ka hoʻopau loa ʻana o nā maʻi ʻaleka ʻīlio, akā hiki ke mālama ʻia me ka hui pū ʻana o nā hoʻolālā:
– Ka pale ʻana i nā parasite koʻikoʻi
I ka FAD, he mea nui kēia. Pono nā holoholona hale āpau i ka lāʻau lapaʻau anti-flea, a pono hoʻi e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ke kaiapuni.
- Ka mālama ʻili a me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka pale ʻili
Hiki i nā shampoos lapaʻau, nā lāʻau lapaʻau topical, a me kekahi mau mea hoʻohui ke kōkua i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka mumū a kaohi i nā microbes lua. ʻO ka ʻauʻau mau ʻana me nā huahana kūpono e hana pinepine i kahi ʻokoʻa nui i nā ʻīlio atopic.
– Lāʻau anti-itch a me anti-inflammatory
Hiki i nā kauka holoholona ke kuhikuhi i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e kāohi i ka maneʻo, e like me nā lāʻau lapaʻau e kuhikuhi ana i nā ala mumū kikoʻī, a i ʻole corticosteroids i kekahi mau kūlana ma lalo o ka nānā ʻana. Pono ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau e noʻonoʻo i nā hopena ʻaoʻao a me nā kūlana olakino ʻē aʻe.
– Nā lāʻau antibiotic/antifungal inā loaʻa kahi maʻi lua
Hoʻonui pinepine nā maʻi ʻili a me ka pepeiao i nā maʻi allergies; hiki i ka mālama ʻana iā lākou ke hoʻomaikaʻi koke i ka ʻoluʻolu.
- ʻAi kūikawā no nā maʻi ʻaleka meaʻai
Inā hōʻoia ʻia kahi hopena meaʻai, ʻo ka hoʻokele lōʻihi ka pale ʻana i ka protein hoʻoulu a mālama i kahi papaʻai mau.
- Immunotherapy (immunotherapy e pili ana i nā allergen)
No ka atopy, hiki i ka immunotherapy ke kōkua i ka hoʻēmi ʻana i ka ʻike o ke kino i nā allergens o ke kaiapuni. He mālie nā hopena a loiloi pinepine ʻia ma luna o kekahi mau mahina. ʻO kēia kekahi ala e kuhikuhi ana i ke kumu, ʻaʻole wale nā hōʻailona.
Ka hopena i ka maikaʻi o ke ola a me ke kuleana o ka mea nona
Hiki i nā maʻi ʻaleka mau ke hōʻemi i ke ʻano o ke ola o ka ʻīlio no ka mea ke hoʻopilikia nei ka maneʻo i ka hiamoe, hoʻonāukiuki i ka ʻili, a hoʻonui i ke kaumaha. Loaʻa pinepine i nā mea nona ka luhi o ka naʻau a me ke kālā ma muli o nā lāʻau lapaʻau pinepine. ʻO ka hoʻōla kūleʻa e hilinaʻi nui ʻia ma ka mālama mau: ka hoʻomalu ʻana i nā ʻuku maʻamau, ka mālama ʻana i ka papaʻai hoʻopau, nā papa hana ʻauʻau, a me ka nānā ʻana i ka pepeiao a me ka ʻili. He mea nui ka kamaʻilio maikaʻi ma waena o ka mea nona a me ke kauka holoholona no kahi hoʻolālā lapaʻau kūpono a hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia.
Ka hopena
Hōʻike nā haʻawina o nā maʻi allergic i nā ʻīlio he mau kūlana paʻakikī nā allergies e pili ana i ka launa pū ʻana o nā kumu genetic, nā kumu kaiapuni, a me ka pane ʻana o ka pale ʻana. ʻO nā ʻano maʻamau ka dermatitis nahu flea, ka dermatitis atopic, a me nā allergies meaʻai. Pono kahi hōʻailona pololei i kahi ala stepwise e kāpae i nā parasites a me nā maʻi a hoʻāʻo no nā allergies meaʻai a me ke kaiapuni. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi loa he multimodal: kaohi parasite, ka mālama ʻili, ka lāʻau anti-itch, ka hoʻokele maʻi, nā hoʻoponopono ʻai, a, i kekahi mau hihia, immunotherapy. Me ke ʻano kūpono a me ka mālama lōʻihi mau, hiki i ka hapa nui o nā ʻīlio allergic ke ola i nā ola ʻoluʻolu a hana.
Inā makemake ʻoe, hiki iaʻu ke hoʻololi i kēia ʻatikala i loko o kahi mana hoʻonaʻauao (me ke ʻano puke pai a me kahi papa inoa puke), a i ʻole kahi mana kaulana no nā blog mea nona ka ʻīlio, me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ʻāpana e like me "nā haʻawina hihia" a me "nā hoʻomohala noiʻi hou."
