Nā Pōmaikaʻi o ka Ultrasonography i nā Diagnostics Holoholona
ʻO ka Ultrasonography (USG) kahi mea hana diagnostic koʻikoʻi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau holoholona. Hoʻohana kēia ʻenehana i nā nalu kani alapine kiʻekiʻe e hana i nā kiʻi manawa maoli o nā ʻano kino o loko. No ka mea, ʻaʻole ia e komo i loko o ka ʻōpū, palekana, a hiki ke hana ʻia me ke ʻoki ʻole ʻana, ua lilo ka ultrasound i koho mua no ke kōkua ʻana i nā kauka holoholona e hoʻokumu i nā hōʻailona, e nānā i ka holomua o ka maʻi, a loiloi i ka pane ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau i nā ʻano holoholona like ʻole, mai nā holoholona e like me nā pōpoki a me nā ʻīlio a hiki i nā holoholona.
Pehea e hana ai ka Ultrasonography
Hana ka Ultrasound ma ke kumumanaʻo o nā nalu kani e hōʻike ana i nā ʻiʻo o ke kino. Hoʻopuka kahi transducer (probe) i nā nalu ultrasonic i loko o ke kino o ka holoholona. Ke hālāwai kēia mau nalu me nā ʻiʻo o nā ʻano mānoanoa like ʻole—no ka laʻana, ka wai, nā ʻiʻo, a me ka momona—hoʻihoʻi ʻia kekahi o nā nalu a hopu ʻia e ka transducer. A laila hana ʻia kēia mau hōʻike i loko o kahi kiʻi i hōʻike ʻia ma kahi monitor. ʻO nā ʻokoʻa o ka ikaika o ka hōʻike e hana i nā ʻokoʻa o ka grayscale, e kōkua ana i ka wehewehe ʻana i ke ʻano o nā kino.
ʻO kahi pōmaikaʻi nui o ka ultrasound ʻo ia kona hiki ke hōʻike i nā ʻōkana e neʻe ana i ka manawa maoli, e ʻae ana i nā kauka holoholona e nānā i ka helu o ka puʻuwai, ka neʻe ʻana o ka ʻōpū, a me ke kahe ʻana o ke koko me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano kikoʻī e like me Doppler.
Nā Kaʻina Hana Palekana a me ka ʻOluʻolu
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke radiography (X-ray), kahi e hoʻohana ai i ka radiation ionizing, ʻaʻole hoʻopuka ka ultrasound i ka radiation a ua manaʻo ʻia he palekana no ka mea maʻi a me ka mea hana. He mea pono loa kēia no nā hoʻokolohua hou ʻana, e like me ka nānā ʻana i ka hāpai ʻana a i ʻole ka hahai ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua ultrasound he nui me ka ʻole o ka anesthesia laulā. I kekahi mau hihia, pono paha nā holoholona i ka hoʻomaha iki e hōʻoluʻolu iā lākou a hōʻemi i ke kaumaha, ʻoiai inā huhū a huhū nui paha ka mea maʻi.
ʻO ka maʻamau, pono i nā kaʻina hana ultrasound ke kahi ʻia ka wahi a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i kahi gel kūikawā e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pilina ma waena o ka transducer a me ka ʻili. ʻOiai he mea maʻalahi paha kēia, he mea nui ia no ka hana ʻana i nā kiʻi ʻoi aku ka maopopo a me ka pololei.
Ka ʻIke Pololei ʻana i nā Maʻi o nā ʻŌkana Kūloko
ʻO kekahi o nā pono nui o ka ultrasound ʻo ia kona hiki ke loiloi i nā ʻōpū o loko, ʻoiai nā mea i loko o ka lua ʻōpū. He mea pono loa ka ultrasound no ka loiloi ʻana i ke kūlana o ke akepaʻa, nā puʻupaʻa, ka spleen, ka ʻōpū mimi, ka pancreas, a me ke ala gastrointestinal.
I loko o ke akepaʻa, no ka laʻana, hiki i ka ultrasound ke kōkua i ka ʻike ʻana i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o nā ʻōkana, nā loli i ke ʻano (e like me ke akepaʻa momona), nā puʻupuʻu/nā puʻupuʻu, a me ke alo o ka wai i loko o ka lua ʻōpū (ascites). I loko o nā puʻupaʻa, hiki i ka ultrasound ke hōʻike i nā loli i ke ʻano, ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka pelvis renal ma muli o ke ālai ʻia, nā pōhaku puʻupaʻa, a i ʻole ka degeneration mau. Hiki ke loiloi ʻia ka ʻōpū mimi no nā pōhaku, ka mānoanoa o ka paia ma muli o ka mumū, a i ʻole nā puʻupuʻu.
I nā hihia o nā maʻi ʻōpū, hiki i kahi ultrasound ke hōʻike i ka mānoanoa o ka paia o ka ʻōpū, ka neʻe ʻana o ka ʻōpū, ke alo o kahi kino ʻē, a i ʻole nā kikowaena lymph i hoʻonui ʻia a puni ka ʻōpū. He mea paʻakikī ke loiloi i kēia mau mea me ka hoʻokolokolo kino a i ʻole X-ray wale nō.
Ka ʻike ʻana i nā maʻi hānau a me ka hāpai ʻana
He mea kaulana loa ka Ultrasonography i ka hana hou ʻana o nā holoholona, i nā holoholona a me nā holoholona. I nā ʻīlio a me nā pōpoki, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka ultrasound e hōʻoia i ka hāpai ʻana, e loiloi i ka helu a me ka ulu ʻana o nā fetuses, a nānā i ke olakino uterine a me ka ovarian. Hiki ke ʻike mua ʻia nā maʻi e like me ka pyometra (kahi maʻi uterine i piha i ka pus), nā cysts ovarian, nā puʻupuʻu hānau, a i ʻole nā fetus i mālama ʻia ma o ka ultrasound.
I nā holoholona e like me nā bipi a me nā kao, kōkua ka ultrasound i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka pono o ka hoʻokele hānau ʻana. Hiki ke hana ʻia ka hoʻāʻo hāpai ma mua o ka palpation rectal, e ʻae ana i nā mahiʻai e hana i nā hoʻoholo kūpono e pili ana i ka hoʻoulu hou ʻana, ka meaʻai, a me ka mālama puaʻa.
Ka Loiloi ʻana o ka Pūʻuwai a me ka ʻŌnaehana Kaapuni
He kuleana koʻikoʻi nō hoʻi ka Ultrasound i ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana o ka puʻuwai ma o ka echocardiography. Me ka echocardiography, hiki i nā kauka holoholona ke loiloi i ka nui o nā keʻena puʻuwai, ka mānoanoa o ka paia, ka hana valve, a me ka hiki ke pumping. Hiki ke ʻike pololei ʻia nā maʻi e like me ka cardiomyopathy i nā pōpoki, ka maʻi valve degenerative i nā ʻīlio liʻiliʻi, a i ʻole nā hemahema puʻuwai hānau.
ʻAe ke ʻano Doppler i ka loiloi ʻana i ke kahe koko, me ka wikiwiki a me ke kuhikuhi. Kōkua kēia i ka ʻike ʻana i nā leaka valve (regurgitation), ka haiki ʻana o nā kīʻaha koko (stenosis), a i ʻole nā maʻi kahe koko ʻē aʻe. I nā holoholona e hōʻike ana i nā hōʻailona e like me ka pōkole o ka hanu, nāwaliwali, a i ʻole ka hiolo ʻana, he hoʻokolokolo hahai ʻike nui ka ultrasound cardiac.
Ke kōkua ʻana me ke komo ʻana a me nā kaʻina hana laʻana
ʻAʻole hoʻohana wale ʻia ka ultrasound no ka ʻike ʻana i nā ʻōpū akā he mea pono loa hoʻi no ke alakaʻi ʻana i nā kaʻina hana komo. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo ia ka fine needle aspiration (FNA) o nā puʻupuʻu i loko o ke ake, ka spleen, a i ʻole nā kikowaena lymph. Me ke alakaʻi ultrasound, hiki i nā kauka holoholona ke hoʻokomo i ka nila me ka pololei i loko o ka wahi i manaʻo ʻia, e hōʻemi ana i ka pilikia o ka hōʻeha ʻana i nā ʻano koʻikoʻi a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka laʻana.
Ma waho aʻe o ka FNA, hiki i ka ultrasound ke kōkua i ka hana ʻana i nā biopsies kiko, ka hōʻiliʻili wai mai ka lua ʻōpū a i ʻole ka umauma (abdominocentesis/thoracocentesis), a me ke kau ʻana o ka catheter i kekahi mau kūlana. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, hoʻonui ka ultrasound i ka palekana o nā kaʻina hana a hoʻolalelale i ke kaʻina hana diagnostic ma o nā hoʻokolohua cytological a histopathological paha.
Ka Nānā ʻana i ka Holomua o ka Maʻi a me ka Pane Lapaʻau
ʻO kekahi pono nui ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia ka hiki i ka ultrasound ke hāʻawi i ka nānā mau ʻana. I nā holoholona me ka maʻi akepaʻa mau, nā maʻi puʻupaʻa, nā puʻupuʻu, a i ʻole ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka wai, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka ultrasound e loiloi i nā loli i ka nui o ke kino, ka holomua o ka lesion, a me ka pono o ka mālama ʻana. No ka mea, palekana a maʻalahi hoʻi ke kaʻina hana, hiki i nā kauka holoholona ke hana i nā hoʻoholo lapaʻau ma muli o ka ʻikepili kūʻokoʻa.
No ka laʻana, i ke ʻano o nā pōhaku mimi, hiki i ka ultrasound ke nānā inā e emi ana nā pōhaku ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka meaʻai a inā paha he pono ke ʻoki kino. I ke ʻano o nā puʻupuʻu, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka ultrasound e loiloi i ka ulu ʻana o ka nui a me ka hiki ke laha kūloko.
Nā Palena o ka Ultrasonography
ʻOiai kona mau pono he nui, he mau palena ko ka ultrasound. He paʻakikī ke komo ʻana o nā nalu ultrasound i ka ea a me ka iwi, no laila hiki i nā ʻōpū i uhi ʻia e ke kinoea keu (no ka laʻana, kahi ʻōpū i hoʻonui nui ʻia) ke hoʻopilikia i ka maikaʻi o ke kiʻi. ʻAʻole kūpono hoʻi ka ultrasound no ka loiloi ʻana i nā ʻano iwi a i ʻole nā māmā i piha i ka ea me ka kikoʻī; i kēia mau kūlana, ʻoi aku ka kūpono o kahi X-ray a i ʻole CT scan.
Eia kekahi, hilinaʻi nui nā hopena ultrasound i ke akamai o ka mea hoʻohana a me ka maikaʻi o nā lako. Pono ka wehewehe ʻana i ke kiʻi i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa a me ka ʻike, no ka mea, hiki ke ʻike like ʻia kekahi mau mea ʻē a pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e nā hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī.
Ka hopena
Ua lilo ka Ultrasonography i kia koʻikoʻi i ka hōʻoia ʻana i nā maʻi holoholona hou. ʻO kona hiki ke kiʻi ʻana i ka manawa maoli, ʻaʻole invasive, palekana, a me ka hana ʻana i nā kiʻi i ka manawa maoli e lilo ia i mea hana pono loa no ka ʻike ʻana i nā maʻi o loko, ka loiloi ʻana i ka hāpai ʻana, ka loiloi ʻana i ke olakino o ka puʻuwai, a me ke alakaʻi ʻana i nā kaʻina hana laʻana. Me ka hoʻohana pono ʻana a me ke kākoʻo o nā poʻe loea i aʻo ʻia, hiki i ka ultrasound ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pololei o ka hōʻoia ʻana, e wikiwiki i ka mālama ʻana, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ʻano o ke ola o nā holoholona. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, ʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana ultrasound lawe lima a paʻakikī hoʻi e manaʻo ʻia e hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia hoʻokolokolo ʻana i nā keʻena lapaʻau a me ke kahua, e kākoʻo ana i nā hana holoholona ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me nā hōʻike.
