Nā ʻAno Colloids: Mai Aerosols a i Emulsions
He ʻōnaehana hoʻopuehu ka colloid kahi e hoʻopuehu ʻia ai nā ʻāpana microscopic i loko o kahi medium hoʻomau. ʻOi aku ka nui o kēia mau ʻāpana ma mua o nā molekala akā liʻiliʻi e noho mālie a ʻaʻole e noho ma waho o lākou iho. He kuleana koʻikoʻi ko nā Colloids i nā ʻano hanana kūlohelohe like ʻole a ma nā ʻano noi ʻenehana a me nā ʻoihana. Ma kēia ʻatikala, e kūkākūkā mākou i nā ʻano colloids like ʻole, pehea lākou e hana ai, a me kā lākou mau noi a me nā ʻano.
Hoʻolauna i nā Colloids
Ma mua o ko mākou kūkākūkā ʻana i nā ʻano colloids, pono mākou e hoʻomaopopo i ke ʻano o ka colloid a pehea e ʻokoʻa ai mai kahi hopena maoli a me kahi hoʻokuʻu. I loko o kahi hopena maoli, ua hoʻoheheʻe loa ʻia ka solute i loko o ka solvent, e hana ana i kahi hui like e hiki ke nānā ʻia me kahi microscope hou. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, i loko o kahi hoʻokuʻu, ua lawa ka nui o nā ʻāpana solute e hoʻopaʻa koke ai inā waiho ʻia ka hui me ka hoʻoulu ʻole ʻia.
Aia nā colloid ma waena o kēia mau hanana ʻelua. Loaʻa iā lākou nā ʻāpana ma waena o 1 a me 1000 nanometers ka nui i hoʻolaha like ʻia ma loko o ka medium dispersion. ʻAʻole noho kēia mau ʻāpana colloidal ma muli o ka neʻe ʻana o Brownian, ka neʻe ʻana o nā ʻāpana i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā collisions ma waena o nā molekala i loko o ka medium dispersion.
Nā ʻAno Colloids i Hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka Dispersion Phase a me ka Dispersion Medium
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā colloids ma muli o ke ʻano o nā ʻāpana i hoʻopuehu ʻia a me ke ʻano hoʻopuehu. Eia kekahi mau ʻano colloids maʻamau:
1. Aerosol
ʻO nā aerosol he mau ʻāpana paʻa a i ʻole nā kulu wai i hoʻopuehu ʻia i loko o ke kinoea. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o nā aerosol:
– Nā aerosols paʻa: ʻO ka lepo i ka lewa, ka uahi mai ka mea olaola e ʻā ana, a me ka lepo pele he mau laʻana ia o nā ʻāpana paʻa i hoʻopuehu ʻia i loko o ke kinoea.
– Nā aerosols wai: ʻO ka noe, nā ao, a me ka pīpī he mau laʻana kahi e hoʻopuehu ʻia ai nā kulu wai a i ʻole nā wai ʻē aʻe i ka lewa.
He kuleana koʻikoʻi ko nā aerosol i ka lewa o ka Honua, e hoʻopilikia ana i ke aniau a me ke olakino kanaka. No ka laʻana, hiki i nā ʻāpana haumia ea ke hoʻoulu i nā maʻi hanu.
2. lā
He colloid ka sol kahi e hoʻopuehu ʻia ai nā ʻāpana paʻa i loko o kahi wai. Ma muli o ke ʻano hoʻopuehu, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā sol penei:
– Hydrophilic sol: Loaʻa i nā ʻāpana ka pilina kiʻekiʻe no ka wai. Laʻana: he gel i hana ʻia me ka agar i loko o ka wai.
– Nā sols hydrophobic: ʻAʻohe pili o nā ʻāpana i ka wai a koi pinepine i kahi mea hoʻopaʻa. Nā laʻana: nā hoʻokuʻu polymer i loko o ka wai, e like me ka pena.
He nui nā hoʻohana o ka lā i ka ʻenehana mea a me ka biology. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka ʻīnika mīkini paʻi kahi lā i hoʻohana ʻia e paʻi i nā palapala.
3. Gel
He ʻōnaehana colloidal ka gel kahi e hana ai nā ʻāpana paʻa i kahi pūnaewele e omo ana i ka nui o ka wai. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona:
– Nā gels i ka wai: ʻO Agar-agar i ka wai, gelatin, a me ka pectin i loko o nā jams a me nā jellies.
– Nā gels i loko o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe organik: Nā gels i hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea hoʻonani a i ʻole nā huahana lāʻau lapaʻau.
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā gels i ka meaʻai, nā mea hoʻonani, a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau. No ka laʻana, hoʻohana ʻia nā hydrogels i nā aniani hoʻopili a i ʻole nā bandage e hoʻokuʻu i nā lāʻau lapaʻau a mālama i ka makū o ka ʻili.
4. Emulsion
ʻO ka emulsion kahi colloid i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka wā e hoʻopuehu ʻia ai ʻelua mau wai immixible maʻamau (e like me ka ʻaila a me ka wai) kekahi i kekahi. No ka hana ʻana i ke kūpaʻa, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kahi emulsifier. Ma muli o ka pae wai i hoʻopuehu ʻia a me ka medium dispersion, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā emulsions penei:
– ʻAila-i-ka-wai (O/W) emulsion: ʻAila i hoʻopuehu ʻia i loko o ka wai. Nā laʻana: waiū a me ka mayonnaise.
– Wai-i-ka-ʻaila (W/O) emulsion: Wai i hoʻopuehu ʻia i loko o ka ʻaila. Nā laʻana: pata a me ka margarine.
He mea nui nā emulsions i nā ʻoihana meaʻai, nā mea hoʻonani, a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau. No ka laʻana, ʻo nā kirīmi ʻili he mau emulsions e kōkua i ka hoʻomaʻū a pale i ka ʻili.
5. Huʻa
He colloid ka huʻa e hana ʻia ke hoʻopuehu ʻia kahi kinoea i loko o kahi wai a paʻa paha. Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka mea hoʻopuehu, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka huʻa penei:
– Huʻa wai: Kinoea i loko o kahi wai, e like me ka huʻa kopa a i ʻole ka kirīmi hoʻowali ʻia.
– Huʻa paʻa: Kinoea i loko o kahi mea paʻa, e like me ka huʻa polyurethane a i ʻole nā pisiki wafer.
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka huʻa i nā ʻano hana like ʻole, mai ka kuke ʻana a i nā mea hana hale. No ka laʻana, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka huʻa polyurethane ma ke ʻano he insulation thermal i loko o nā hale.
6. Pae Hoʻopuehu ʻia i loko o nā Mea Paʻa
ʻO kēia ʻano colloid e pili ana i nā ʻāpana paʻa a i ʻole nā kulu wai i hoʻopuehu ʻia i loko o kahi paʻa. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau:
– Lā paʻa: Metala makamae i hoʻopuehu ʻia i loko o kekahi metala ʻē aʻe, e like me ke gula.
– Emulsion paʻa: Nā kulu wai i loko o kahi mea paʻa, e like me ka opal, ka mea e hana ai i kahi hopena kala.
He nui nā noi o nā ʻāpana i hoʻopuehu ʻia i loko o nā mea paʻa i ka ʻenehana mea, e like me nā metala ikaika akā māmā no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mokulele.
Nā noi a me ke koʻikoʻi o nā Colloids
He mea nui ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā colloids ma nā ʻano he nui o ke ola a me ka ʻenehana:
– ʻOihana Meaʻai: He kuleana koʻikoʻi ko nā Colloids i ke ʻano, ke kūpaʻa, a me ka ʻono o nā huahana meaʻai. No ka laʻana, ua hoʻopili ʻia ke kūpaʻa o ka ice cream e nā pilina colloidal ma waena o ka momona a me ka wai.
– Lāʻau lapaʻau: Hoʻohana ʻia nā colloids i nā ʻano hana lapaʻau like ʻole, e like me nā infusions intravenous a i ʻole he kumu i nā kirīmi a me nā poni lāʻau lapaʻau.
– ʻEnehana Mea Hana: Hoʻohana ʻia nā colloids i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea hou me nā waiwai kūikawā, e like me nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia i ka nanotechnology.
Ka hopena
He mau ʻōnaehana hoʻopuehu koʻikoʻi nā colloids e kū mai ana ma nā ʻano he nui a he kuleana koʻikoʻi ko lākou ma nā ʻano like ʻole, mai ka meaʻai a hiki i nā mea ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe. Ma ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻano colloids like ʻole a me ko lākou mau ʻano, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻohana i ko lākou mau waiwai kūikawā no nā noi pono i ka ʻoihana, ka lāʻau lapaʻau, a me ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā. Mai nā aerosols a i nā emulsions, ua piha ka honua o nā colloids i nā hiki a me nā hana hou pau ʻole.
