Ma ke kumuhana o ke Kahua Uila , ua kūkākūkā mākou i ka wehewehe ʻana a me ke ʻano o ke kahua uila e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e helu i ka ikaika o ke kahua uila i hana ʻia e hoʻokahi uku uila, kekahi mau uku uila a i ʻole ma ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā uku uila. Hoʻoponopono maʻalahi ʻia ka helu ʻana o ka ikaika o ke kahua uila i hana ʻia e kahi uku uila a i ʻole ʻelua mau uku uila me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano ikaika o ke kahua uila. Inā ʻo ka mea i helu ʻia ʻo ia ka ikaika o ke kahua uila i hana ʻia e kahi hoʻolaha uku uila, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka helu ʻana inā hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano ikaika o ke kahua uila akā ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi inā hoʻohana ʻia ke kānāwai o Gauss . Ma mua o ke aʻo ʻana i ke kānāwai o Gauss me ka hohonu, e hoʻomaopopo mua i ka flux uila no ka mea ua hoʻohana ʻia ke kumumanaʻo o ka flux uila i ke kānāwai o Gauss.
Ke Hoʻomaopopo nei i ka Flux Uila
Mai ka huaʻōlelo Latina ʻo fluere ka huaʻōlelo flux , ʻo ia hoʻi ke kahe. Ma ke ʻano maoli, hiki ke wehewehe ʻia ka flux uila ma ke ʻano he kahe o kahi kahua uila. ʻAʻole hōʻike ka huaʻōlelo flow ma ʻaneʻi i kahi kahua uila e kahe ana e like me ka wai e kahe ana, akā, wehewehe i ke alo o kahi kahua uila e kuhikuhi ana i kahi kuhikuhi. Ma ke kumuhana o nā Laina Kahua Uila, ua wehewehe ʻia ua ʻike ʻia a hōʻike ʻia paha nā kahua uila me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā laina kahua uila, no laila ua hōʻike ʻia hoʻi ka flux ma ke ʻano he mau laina kahua uila. No laila, ʻo ka flux nā laina kahua uila e hele ana ma kahi ʻāpana ʻili, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi ma lalo nei.
Haʻilula
Ma ke ʻano makemakika, ʻo ka flux uila ka huahana o ke kahua uila (E), ka ʻilikai (A) a me ke cosine o ke kihi ma waena. 
nā laina kahua uila me nā laina maʻamau e kū pololei ana i ka ʻili.
Φ = EA cos θ …………………. (Kaulike 1)
Inā kū pololei nā laina kahua uila i ka ʻili a lākou e hele ai e like me ke kiʻi, a laila ʻo ke kihi ma waena o nā laina kahua uila a me ka laina maʻamau he 0.o, kahi o cos 0o = 1. Pēlā ke ʻano hana 
hoʻololi ʻia i loko o:
Φ = EA cos 0o = EA (1)
Φ = EA …………………. (Kaulike 2)
Ma muli o ke ʻano flux ma luna, hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia kekahi mau mea. ʻO ka mea mua , aia ka flux ma kona waiwai kiʻekiʻe loa ke kū pololei ka laina kahua uila i ka ʻili no ka mea ma ia kūlana ʻo ke kihi ma waena o ka laina kahua uila a me ka laina maʻamau he 0 o , kahi o ka waiwai cosine o 0 o he 1. ʻO ka lua , aia ka flux ma kona waiwai haʻahaʻa loa ke kūlike ka laina kahua uila me ka ʻili no ka mea ma ia kūlana ʻo ke kihi ma waena o ka laina kahua uila a me ka laina maʻamau he 90 o , kahi o ka waiwai cosine o 90 o he 0. ʻO ke kolu , hilinaʻi ka flux i ke kahua uila (E) a me ka ʻili (A). Ma waho aʻe o ka ʻili huinahā e like me ka laʻana ma luna, hiki ke poepoe ka ʻili a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
ʻIli i uhi ʻia
Ua hoʻohana ka flux uila i wehewehe ʻia ma mua i ka laʻana o kahi ʻili hāmama (kahi ʻili huinahā a ʻehā paha). Pehea e pili ana i ka flux ma kahi ʻili pani e like me ka cube, poloka, a i ʻole sphere? Manaʻo ʻia he mau laina kahua uila e hele ana ma o ka poloka, e like me ke kiʻi ma lalo nei.
Hoʻohālikelike nā laina kahua uila i kala ʻia i ka polū me nā ʻili luna a me lalo o ke kukuna e hana i kahi kihi 90.o me nā laina maʻamau o nā ʻili luna a me lalo. No laila, ʻo ke kahe ʻana ma nā ʻili luna a me lalo o ke kaola he Φ = EA cos 90o = EA (0) = 0.
ʻO nā laina kahua uila i kala ʻia me ka melemele e kūlike me nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau a me ka hema o ke kukuna i hana lākou i kahi kihi 90o me nā laina maʻamau o nā ʻili ʻaoʻao hema a me ka ʻākau. No laila, ʻo ke kahe ma nā ʻili ʻaoʻao ʻākau a me ka hema o ka poloka ʻo Φ = EA cos 90o = EA (0) = 0.
ʻO nā laina kahua uila i kala ʻia i ka ʻulaʻula he kū pololei i nā ʻili mua a me hope o ka poloka, e hana ana i kahi kihi o 0.o me nā laina maʻamau o nā ʻili mua a me hope. No laila, ʻo ke kahe ʻana he Φ = EA cos 0o = EA (1) = EA.
Ma ke kiʻi ma luna, ʻike ʻia nā laina kahua uila ʻulaʻula e neʻe ana i loko o ka poloka a laila e neʻe ana i waho o ka poloka. Ke neʻe nā laina kahua uila i loko o ka poloka me he mea lā he uku maikaʻi ʻole i loko o ka poloka, he maikaʻi ʻole ka flux. I ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ke neʻe nā laina kahua uila i waho o ka poloka me he mea lā he uku maikaʻi i loko o ka poloka, he maikaʻi ka flux uila. Ma ke ʻano he helu ʻole a i ʻole me ka ʻole o ka helu ʻana, inā like ka helu o nā laina kahua uila e komo ana i ka poloka me ka helu o nā laina kahua uila e haʻalele ana i ka poloka, ʻo ka flux hopena he zero. Ma ke ʻano he helu a i ʻole me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā helu ʻana, ua helu ʻia ka flux uila hopena e hele ana ma o ka poloka penei: flux e komo mai ana = Φ 1 = – EA cos 0 o = – EA (1) = -EA a me ka flux e puka ana = Φ 2 = + EA cos 0 o = + EA (1) = +E A. ʻO ka flux holoʻokoʻa he Φ = -Φ 1 + Φ 2 = -EA + EA = 0.
Ma muli o nā helu ʻana ma luna, ua hoʻoholo ʻia ʻo ka holo ʻana o ke kahe holoʻokoʻa e hele ana ma o ka poloka, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi ma luna, he ʻole. Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia he ʻole ka holo holoʻokoʻa no ka mea ʻaʻohe uku uila i loko o ka poloka. No laila, inā ʻaʻohe uku uila i loko o kahi ʻili pani e like me ka poloka, cube, sphere, a i ʻole kekahi mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka holo holoʻokoʻa he ʻole. He aha inā he uku uila i loko o ka ʻili pani?
Manaʻo ʻia aia kahi uku uila ma ke kikowaena o ka poepoe e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi ma ka ʻākau. ʻO nā laina kahua uila ʻehā i hōʻike ʻia e hōʻike ana i nā laina kahua uila ʻē aʻe e neʻe ana i waho mai ke kikowaena o ka poepoe e kū pono ana i ka ʻili o ka poepoe. Kū pono kēlā me kēia laina i ka ʻili o ka poepoe āna e hele ai, e hana ana i kahi kihi o 0 ° me ka laina maʻamau e kū pono ana i ka ʻili o ka poepoe.
Ka holo ʻana o ka uila i loko o ka poepoe:
ʻO ke ʻano no ka ikaika o ke kahua uila ʻo E = k Q / r 2 a ʻo ke ʻano no ka ʻili o kahi poepoe ʻo A = 4 π r 2 i loli ai ke ʻano flux i:
Inā ʻo ka uku ma ke kikowaena o ka poepoe he +2Q a laila ʻo ke kahe ʻana i loko o ka poepoe he
Ma muli o ke ʻano ma luna, ua hoʻoholo ʻia inā he uku uila i loko o kahi ʻili poepoe pani ʻia, a laila ʻaʻole hilinaʻi ka waiwai o ka flux i loko o ka poepoe i ke anawaena a i ʻole ka radius o ka poepoe. ʻO ka waiwai o ka flux he 4πk manawa o ka huina o ka uku uila i loko o ka poepoe a i ʻole 1/ε o manawa o ka huina o ka uku uila i loko o ka poepoe.
ʻĀpana Flux Uila
ʻO ke ʻano kumu no ka flux ʻo Φ = EA, kahi ʻo E ka ikaika o ke kahua uila a ʻo A ka ʻili honua. ʻO ke anakahi o ke kahua uila ʻo Newton no Coulomb (N/C) a ʻo ke anakahi o ka ʻili honua ka mika huinaha (m² ) no laila ʻo ke anakahi o ka flux ʻo Newton mika huinaha no Coulomb (Nm² / C).
