Nā nīnau hoʻohālike a me ke kūkākūkā ʻana o ka awelika (ʻawelika) o ka ʻikepili hui
He ʻāpana koʻikoʻi ka hana ʻikepili o nā helu helu, e kōkua ana i ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻike i hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano helu. ʻO kekahi ʻano hana o ka hana ʻikepili ʻo ia ka helu ʻana i ka awelika, a i ʻole ka awelika. Hana ka awelika ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona o ka waiwai waena o kahi hoʻonohonoho ʻikepili. I kēia manawa, e kūkākūkā mākou i ka awelika ma ke ʻano o ka ʻikepili hui.
Ke Hoʻomaopopo nei i ka Average (Average)
ʻO ke awelika he ana o ke ʻano waena e wehewehe ana i ka waiwai i manaʻo ʻia o kahi hoʻonohonoho ʻikepili. No ka ʻikepili hui, loaʻa ka awelika ma ka helu ʻana i ka awelika o nā kikowaena o kēlā me kēia wā papa i hāʻawi ʻia i kahi alapine.
ʻO ke ʻano maʻamau no ka ʻikepili hui
No ka helu ʻana i ka awelika o ka ʻikepili hui, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻohana i ke ʻano hana:
\[ \bar{x} = \frac{\sum{f_i x_i}}{\sum{f_i}} \]
Ma hea:
– ʻO \( \bar{x} \) ka awelika a i ʻole ka awelika
– ʻO \( f_i \) ke alapine (frequency) o ka papa i-th
– ʻO \( x_i \) ka waiwai waena o ka papa ith
Ua helu ʻia ka waiwai awelika \( x_i \) me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano hana:
\[ x_i = \frac{\text{k}
ʻU_i + L_i}{2} \]
Ma hea:
– ʻO \( U_i \) ka palena kiʻekiʻe o ka papa waena ith
– ʻO \( L_i \) ka palena haʻahaʻa o ka papa waena ith
Nā Nīnau Laʻana a me ke Kūkākūkā
No ka hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi ʻana i ke ʻano o ka helu ʻana i ka awelika o ka ʻikepili hui, eia kahi nīnau hoʻohālike a me kona kūkākūkā ʻana.
Laʻana pilikia:
ʻO ka papa ma lalo nei ka ʻikepili no ke kiʻekiʻe o nā haumāna ma kekahi papa.
| Waena (kenimika) | Alapine (f_i) |
| —————– | —————– |
| 150 – 154 | 2 |
| 155 – 159 | 5 |
| 160 – 164 | 8 |
| 165 – 169 | 4 |
| 170 – 174 | 1 |
E helu i ka awelika (awelika) kiʻekiʻe o nā haumāna.
Kūkākūkā:
1. E hoʻoholo i ka Waiwai Waena (x_i) no kēlā me kēia Papa Waena:
| Waena (kenimika) | f_i | x_i = (U_i + L_i)/2 |
| —————– | — | ——————- |
| 150 – 154 | 2 | (154 + 150)/2 = 152 |
| 155 – 159 | 5 | (159 + 155)/2 = 157 |
| 160 – 164 | 8 | (164 + 160)/2 = 162 |
| 165 – 169 | 4 | (169 + 165)/2 = 167 |
| 170 – 174 | 1 | (174 + 170)/2 = 172 |
2. E helu \( f_i x_i \):
| Ka wā (kenimika) | f_i | x_i | f_i x_i |
| ————– | — | — | ——- |
| 150 – 154 | 2 | 152 | 2 152 = 304 |
| 155 – 159 | 5 | 157 | 5 157 = 785 |
| 160 – 164 | 8 | 162 | 8 162 = 1296 |
| 165 – 169 | 4 | 167 | 4 167 = 668 |
| 170 – 174 | 1 | 172 | 1 172 = 172 |
3. E hoʻohui i ka huina alapine (\( \sum{f_i} \)) a me ka huina o \( f_i x_i \) :
\[ \sum{f_i} = 2 + 5 + 8 + 4 + 1 = 20 \]
\[ \sum{f_i x_i} = 304 + 785 + 1296 + 668 + 172 = 3225 \]
4. Ke helu ʻana i ka awelika (ʻawelika) \(\bar{x}\) :
\[ \bar{x} = \frac{\sum{f_i x_i}}{\sum{f_i}} = \frac{3225}{20} = 161.25 \]
No laila, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe awelika o nā haumāna he 161.25 kenimika.
Nā ʻano like ʻole o nā hana hoʻoponopono ʻikepili ʻē aʻe
ʻAʻole i pau ka hana ʻikepili i ka helu ʻana i ka awelika. Pono pinepine mākou e helu i nā ana o ka hoʻolaha ʻikepili, e like me ka variance a i ʻole ka standard deviation, median, a me ke ʻano. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka awelika kekahi o nā ana i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā ʻano loiloi helu like ʻole.
No ke aha he mea nui ka manaʻo ʻino?
Hāʻawi ka awelika i kahi manaʻo laulā o ka awelika o kahi hoʻonohonoho o ka ʻikepili i nānā ʻia. No laila, inā ʻoe e nānā i ka ʻikepili kiʻekiʻe o nā haumāna, no ka laʻana, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa kahi kuhi o ke kiʻekiʻe awelika o nā haumāna āpau i ka papa.
Eia nō naʻe, he mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo he mea hōʻike wale nō ka awelika inā ʻaʻole i hoʻopilikia ʻia ka ʻikepili e nā waiwai koʻikoʻi a i ʻole nā outliers. I nā kūlana kahi i loaʻa ai nā outliers i ka ʻikepili, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke ana o ke kikowaena waena ma ka median.
Nā Pōmaikaʻi a me nā Pōʻino o ka Mean
Pono:
1. ʻElele: Hāʻawi i kahi ʻike maikaʻi o ke kikowaena ʻikepili.
2. Maʻalahi e helu: Aia kekahi ʻano hana maʻalahi no ka helu ʻana.
3. Hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻano loiloi helu like ʻole: Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia me nā mea hana loiloi ʻē aʻe e like me ka variance a me ka regression.
nele:
1. ʻIke i nā outliers: Hiki i nā waiwai outlier ke hoʻololi i ka waiwai awelika.
2. ʻAʻole hōʻike i ka hoʻolaha ʻikepili: Hiki i nā ʻikepili ʻelua like ʻole ke loaʻa ka awelika like, akā nā hoʻolaha like ʻole.
Ka hopena
He ana pono loa ka awelika i nā helu helu no ka wehewehe ʻana i ke kikowaena o kahi ʻikepili. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka awelika i loko o ka ʻikepili i hui pū ʻia e pili ana i ka helu ʻana i ka waiwai waena o kēlā me kēia papa waena a me ke kaupaona ʻana iā ia e like me ke alapine (frequency) o kēlā me kēia papa. ʻOiai he mau palena ko ka awelika, ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea hana loiloi i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka hana ʻikepili. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke ʻano o ka helu ʻana a me ka wehewehe ʻana i ka awelika e kōkua iā ʻoe e kālailai a hana i nā hoʻoholo pololei e pili ana i ka ʻikepili.
