Cibiyar sadarwa ta Gurumuda
Motsin Kusurwa Adadin motsin juyawa, wanda yayi daidai da taro (m) a cikin motsi na layi, shine lokacin inertia (I). Adadin motsin juyawa, wanda yayi daidai da saurin (v) a cikin motsi na layi, shine saurin kusurwa (ω). Don haka, abin da ke juyawa yana da motsin kusurwa wanda zai iya ... Kara karantawa
Yi bitar barbashi mai juyawa. An ba barbashi mai taro m ƙarfin F don barbashi ya juya a kusa da axis O. Barbashi shine r banda axis na juyawa. Da farko, barbashi yana hutawa (v = 0). Bayan motsi ta ƙarfin F, barbashi suna motsawa da wani takamaiman gudu don barbashi su sami saurin juyawa. Alaƙar da ke tsakanin ƙarfi (F), taro (m), da haɓakar juyawa na barbashi an bayyana ta hanyar lissafi na 3:
A cikin na'urar jagoranci kamar tagulla, akwai electrons waɗanda ke motsawa bazuwar a cikin babban gudu amma ba sa tserewa daga ƙarfe. Ana kiran electrons waɗanda za su iya motsawa cikin 'yanci electrons kyauta. Duk da cewa electrons suna motsawa cikin 'yanci a kowane bangare, babu cikakken kwararar electrons a wani takamaiman alkibla. Wannan yanayin yana faruwa ne lokacin da babu wani bambanci tsakanin ƙarshen waya ta tagulla guda biyu.
Idan aka haɗa wayar da tushen lantarki, akwai yiwuwar bambanci tsakanin ƙarshen waya biyu na jan ƙarfe, ta yadda filin lantarki zai bayyana a cikin wayar jan ƙarfe. Kasancewar filin lantarki yana sa electrons kyauta su fuskanci ƙarfin lantarki F = q E = e E, inda F = ƙarfin lantarki , e = cajin lantarki, E = filin lantarki . Wannan ƙarfin lantarki yana sa duk electrons ɗin da ke motsawa cikin 'yanci su hanzarta tare, wanda shine alkibla ɗaya da ƙarfin lantarki.
1. Ana jefa ƙwallon daga saman gini da saurin farko na 8 m/s a kusurwar 20 o ƙasa da kwance. Ƙwallon ta buga ƙasa bayan daƙiƙa 3.
a) Nisan da ƙwallon ya yi daga ƙasan ginin ya taɓa ƙasa
b) Yaya tsayin ƙwallon da aka jefa daga wurin yake?
c) Tsawon lokacin da ƙwallon zai kai tsayin mita 10 daga wurin jifa
Ma'anar capacitor na'ura ce da ke adana cajin lantarki da makamashin lantarki. Mai sauƙin capacitor ya ƙunshi faranti ko takardu masu jagora biyu waɗanda aka sanya su kusa amma ba sa taɓa juna kuma insulator ko injin vacuum suka raba su. Masu jagoranci kayan aiki ne da za su iya gudanar da wutar lantarki kamar ƙarfe, yayin da masu insulator kayan aiki ne da ba za su iya gudanar da wutar lantarki kamar filastik ba.
Da farko, masu jagoranci guda biyu ba sa cajin wutar lantarki ko kuma ba sa yin aiki da wutar lantarki. Domin a sami cajin wutar lantarki mai kyau, ɗayan kuma ya sami cajin wuta mai kyau, to dole ne a sami canja wurin electrons daga wannan mai gudanarwa zuwa wani. Elektrons suna kan saman atom ɗin, don haka suna da sauƙin motsawa. Bayan electrons sun motsa daga wannan mai gudanarwa zuwa wani, ɗayan mai gudanarwa yana da yawan electrons (rashin protons)
don haka ya zama mara kyau, yayin da ɗayan mai jagoranci yana da ƙarancin electron (proton mai yawa) don haka ya zama mara kyau. An sake duba cikakken bayani game da tsarin caji na wutar lantarki akan capacitors akan batun adana makamashin wutar lantarki a cikin capacitors.
Ana bayyana ƙarfin lantarki a matsayin ƙarfin lantarki a kowace cajin naúrar. A ce idan ya kasance a wurin a, cajin q yana da ƙarfin lantarki daidai da EP a , to an tsara ƙarfin lantarki a wurin a kamar haka:
V = ƙarfin lantarki, EP = ƙarfin lantarki, q = cajin lantarki
V ba wai kawai a wurin a bane, har ma a dukkan wuraren da ke cikin filin lantarki. Ana amfani da maki a matsayin misali. Kamar yadda za a yi bayani daga baya, V ba ya dogara da cajin q.
Kafin yin nazarin wannan batu, da farko ka fahimci aiki, dakarun masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, dangantakar da ke tsakanin sojojin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da makamashi mai yuwuwa , sojojin wutar lantarki da kuma filin wutar lantarki.
Baya ga ƙarfin nauyi da ƙarfin bazara, wani misali na ƙarfin ra'ayin mazan jiya shine ƙarfin lantarki. Domin fahimtar dalilin da yasa ake kiran ƙarfin lantarki da ƙarfin ra'ayin mazan jiya, fahimci bayanin da ke ƙasa.
Filin lantarki ta hanyar cajin maki ɗaya
Don ƙididdige filin lantarki da aka samar ta hanyar caji mai kyau guda ɗaya, mataki na farko shine zaɓar saman Gauss mai siffar ƙwallo tare da radius r inda tsakiyar ƙwallon yake a caji ɗaya. Yankin saman ƙwallon shine 4πr.2.
Filin lantarki da ke fitowa daga tsakiyar fili yana ratsawa a tsaye zuwa saman fili ta yadda tsarin kwararar lantarki shine Φ = E A. Tsarin dokar Gauss shine Φ = Q/ε o
Dangane da dokar Coulomb , an yi nazarin ƙarfin da ke tsakanin cajin lantarki. A cikin wani bita na filin lantarki, an tattauna wani nau'in dokar Coulomb, wanda aka bayyana ta hanyar lissafi F = q E,
inda F shine ƙarfin lantarki, q shine cajin lantarki, E kuma shine filin lantarki. Za a iya cewa dokar Coulomb doka ce ta kimiyyar lissafi wadda ke bayanin alaƙar da ke tsakanin cajin lantarki (q) da filin lantarki (E).
Dokar Gauss wata doka ce ta kimiyyar lissafi da ke bayyana alaƙar da ke tsakanin cajin wutar lantarki da filayen wutar lantarki. Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855), masanin kimiyyar lissafi da lissafi na Jamus ne ya tsara dokar Gauss.
Dangane da filin lantarki, an tattauna ma'anar da daidaiton filin lantarki wanda za a iya amfani da shi don ƙididdige ƙarfin filin lantarki da cajin lantarki, cajin lantarki da yawa ko kuma ta hanyar rarraba cajin lantarki. Lissafin ƙarfin filin lantarki da cajin lantarki ko cajin lantarki biyu ke samarwa ana iya warware shi cikin sauƙi ta amfani da dabarar ƙarfin filin lantarki. Idan abin da aka ƙididdige shine ƙarfin filin lantarki da rarraba cajin lantarki ke samarwa, lissafin ya fi rikitarwa idan aka yi amfani da dabarar ƙarfin filin lantarki, amma ya fi sauƙi a yi amfani da dokar Gauss . Kafin a yi nazarin dokar Gauss sosai, da farko a fahimci cewa kwararar lantarki saboda ra'ayin kwararar lantarki da ake amfani da ita a dokar Gauss.