Physics

Labari game da juriya

Dangane da wutar lantarki, an tattauna yawan wutar lantarki, haka nan kuma an yi bayani game da filin lantarki a cikin batu game da filin lantarki. Filin lantarki da wutar lantarki suna cikin mai jagora idan akwai bambanci mai yuwuwa a cikin mai jagora, yayin da idan babu bambanci mai yuwuwa, to babu filin lantarki da wutar lantarki.

A kusan dukkan masu sarrafa ƙarfe, filin lantarki yana daidai gwargwado kai tsaye da yawan wutar lantarki, inda rabon filin lantarki da yawan wutar lantarki yake dawwama. Darajar kwatancen filin lantarki da yawan wutar lantarki ana kiransa da juriya. A lissafi, an bayyana alaƙar da ke tsakanin filin lantarki, yawan wutar lantarki, da juriya a cikin lissafi:

Karin bayani

Labari game da lambar launi ta Resistor

Resistor ɗin wani ɓangare ne na da'irar lantarki wanda ke aiki don sarrafa adadin kwararar wutar lantarki. Gabaɗaya, akwai nau'ikan resistor guda biyu, wato resistor na coil na waya da resistor na carbon. Yawanci ana amfani da resistor na waya a dakin gwaje-gwaje, ana yin su ta hanyar naɗe waya mai kyau a saman bututun insulator. Ana amfani da resistor na carbon a cikin da'irar lantarki, silinda, kuma suna da wayoyi a ƙarshen biyu. Darajar juriyar resistor na carbon an bayyana ta a cikin lambar launi kuma ana nuna ta a saman resistor ɗin.

Ana iya sanin ƙimar juriyar resistor ta hanyar fassara lambar launi ta resistor. Don fahimtar wannan, da farko duba teburin da ke ƙasa, sannan ka yi nazarin matsalar misali don tantance ƙimar juriyar resistor.

Karin bayani

Labari game da Resistor a cikin jerin

Idan an haɗa resistors ɗin kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton, resistors ɗin za a jera su a jere. Resistor ko juriyar lantarki da ake magana a kai na iya kasancewa a cikin nau'in abubuwan resistor, fitilu, ko wasu juriyar lantarki.

Cajin wutar lantarki yana motsawa ta hanyar juriya 1 (R)₁) = da cajin lantarki yana motsawa ta hanyar juriya 2 (R)₂) = cajin lantarki yana motsawa ta hanyar juriya 3 (R₃). Wutar lantarki (I) cajin lantarki ne wanda ke gudana a cikin wani takamaiman lokaci (I = Q / t), don haka wutar lantarki ta hanyar juriya 1 (I₁) = wutar lantarki ta hanyar juriya 2 (I₂) = wutar lantarki ta hanyar juriya 3 (I₃). A lissafi, jimlar wutar lantarki (I) = I₁ = Ni₂ = Ni₃.

Karin bayani

Daidaito na juriyar lantarki

A cikin batun dokar Ohm, an samo wata dabara da ke bayyana alaƙar da ke tsakanin ƙarfin lantarki (V), wutar lantarki (I), da juriyar lantarki (R). An bayyana ta hanyar lissafi ta hanyar lissafi:

Wannan lissafi ya nuna cewa juriyar lantarki (R) tana daidai gwargwado kai tsaye da ƙarfin lantarki (V) kuma tana daidai gwargwado da ƙarfin lantarki (I). Idan ƙarfin lantarki na babban ya fi ƙarfin juriyar lantarki yana ƙaruwa, akasin haka, idan ƙarfin wutar lantarki ya fi ƙarfin juriyar lantarki zai fi girma. Wannan lissafi ya bayyana dokar Ohm ne kawai lokacin da juriyar lantarki (R) take daidai gwargwado. Idan juriyar lantarki ba ta da daidaito, to wannan lissafi ba ya bayyana dokar Ohm, amma yana bayyana juriyar mai jagora.

Karin bayani

Labarin game da Resistors a layi daya

Idan an haɗa masu adawa kamar yadda yake a cikin hoton, masu adawa suna haɗuwa a layi ɗaya.

Wutar lantarki (ƙwayar lantarki = cajin lantarki da ke gudana a cikin tazara ta lokaci) wanda ke shiga wurin haɗuwa iri ɗaya ne da wutar lantarki da ke fita daga wurin haɗuwa. Akwai mahaɗa da yawa don haka jimlar wutar lantarki = adadin wutar lantarki da ke gudana a kowace mahaɗa. A lissafi, I = I ₁ + I ₂ + I _3. Yayin da bambancin yuwuwar wutar lantarki ko ƙarfin lantarki a kowace mahaɗa iri ɗaya ne.

I = V/R don haka lissafin da ke sama ya canza zuwa I = V/R ₁ + V/R ₂ + V/R _3. Wutar lantarki daidai take, don haka wannan lissafin ya canza zuwa I = V (1/R ₁ + 1/R ₂ + 1/R ₃ ). Idan juriyar daidai take 1/R to I = V (1/R). Don haka, 1/R = 1/R ₁ + 1/R ₂ + 1/R ₃.

Karin bayani

Labarin game da Tushen ƙarfin lantarki emf juriya ta ciki Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na ƙarshe

Wutar lantarki tana gudana a cikin da'irar rufewa, daga babban ƙarfin lantarki zuwa ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki. Lokacin da wutar lantarki ke motsawa ta cikin wani ɓangare na juriyar lantarki, akwai raguwar kuzarin wutar lantarki saboda ana amfani da makamashin lantarki akan wannan juriya. Domin wutar lantarki ta ci gaba da gudana daga babban ƙarfin lantarki zuwa ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki,

dole ne akwai na'ura don ƙara ƙarfin lantarki, kayan aikin ƙarfin lantarki ne (emf) ko kuma wanda aka fi sani da tushen ƙarfin lantarki. Emf ko tushen ƙarfin lantarki wani ɓangare ne wanda ke canza wani nau'in makamashi zuwa makamashin lantarki, kamar batura, ƙwayoyin hasken rana, ko janareton wutar lantarki.

Karin bayani

EMFs a cikin jerin da layi ɗaya

Idan akwai hanyoyi biyu ko fiye na electromotive (emf) da aka haɗa kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton, an shirya emf a jere.

Madogarar wutar lantarki daidai (ε) ita ce:

ε = ε ₁ + ε ₂ + ε _n

Daidaiton juriyar ciki (r) shine:

r = r ₁ + r ₂ + r _n

Wutar lantarki da ke gudana ta hanyar juriyar waje (R) ita ce:

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Dokar farko ta Kirchhoff ta kuma kira dokar mahaɗin ta bayyana cewa wutar lantarki da ke shiga wurin mahaɗin iri ɗaya ce da wutar lantarki da ke fita daga wannan wurin mahaɗin. Wurin mahaɗin da ke cikin da'irar lantarki shine wurin da masu jagoranci biyu ko fiye suka haɗu, kamar maki a a cikin hoton da ke gefe.

I shine wutar lantarki da ke shiga wurin haɗuwa, yayin da I ₁ da I ₂ sune wutar lantarki da ke fita daga wurin haɗuwa, I = I ₁ + I _2. Wani misali kuma, ku lura da hoton da ke ƙasa.

Karin bayani

Dokar Kirchhoff ta biyu ta bayyana cewa canjin ƙarfin wutar lantarki a kewayen da'irar da aka rufe ba shi da sifili. Dokar Kirchhoff ta biyu ta dogara ne akan dokar kiyaye makamashi, wadda ta bayyana cewa makamashi har abada ne.

Domin fahimtar wannan sosai, yi tunanin cajin lantarki yana motsawa a cikin da'irar rufewa, kamar yadda yake a cikin hoton. juriya na lantarki (R), makamashin wutar lantarki an rage shi saboda ana amfani da shi akan waɗannan juriya. Idan cajin lantarki ya ratsa ta wani juriyar lantarki, makamashin ƙarfin lantarki yana raguwa saboda ana sake amfani da shi akan juriya. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin da cajin lantarki ya ratsa ta tushen ƙarfin lantarki daga ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki zuwa babban ƙarfin lantarki, makamashin ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙaruwa. Lokacin da ya koma wurinsa na asali, makamashin ƙarfin lantarki iri ɗaya ne da na da, inda canjin makamashin ƙarfin lantarki sifili ne. Lokacin amfani da shi KirchhoffDokar ta biyu ga da'irar lantarki, muna amfani da canjin wutar lantarki, ba canjin makamashin lantarki ba.

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Ma'anar wutar lantarki

Ana ƙayyade ikon da aka koya a cikin aikin da kuma Makamashi a matsayin aikin da aka yi a cikin wani takamaiman lokaci. Aiki tsari ne na canza makamashi don a iya fahimtar iko a matsayin canji a cikin makamashi wanda ke faruwa a cikin wani takamaiman lokaci.

Wutar lantarki canji ne a cikin makamashin lantarki a cikin wani takamaiman lokaci. A cikin bita kan ƙarfin lantarki, an bayyana cewa canje-canje a cikin ƙarfin lantarki yana faruwa ne lokacin da cajin lantarki ya ratsa ta cikin bambancin ƙarfin lantarki.

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