Labari game da makamashin lantarki mai yuwuwa
Kafin yin nazarin wannan batu, da farko ka fahimci aiki, dakarun masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, dangantakar da ke tsakanin sojojin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da makamashi mai yuwuwa , sojojin wutar lantarki da kuma filin wutar lantarki.
Ƙarfin wutar lantarki shine ƙarfin mazan jiya
Baya ga ƙarfin nauyi da ƙarfin bazara, wani misali na ƙarfin ra'ayin mazan jiya shine ƙarfin lantarki. Domin fahimtar dalilin da yasa ake kiran ƙarfin lantarki da ƙarfin ra'ayin mazan jiya, fahimci bayanin da ke ƙasa.
A ce akwai faranti biyu masu caji na lantarki kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton, farantin hagu yana caji mai kyau, farantin dama kuma yana caji mai kyau. Kibiya tsakanin faranti biyu ita ce layukan filin lantarki da ke fitowa daga cajin mai kyau zuwa ga cajin mai kyau. Cajin mai kyau yana kusa da farantin mai caji mai kyau.
Kasancewar filin lantarki yana sa cajin mai kyau ya fuskanci ƙarfin lantarki a alkiblar filin lantarki ta yadda cajin mai kyau zai hanzarta zuwa dama zuwa farantin da aka caji mara kyau. Alkiblar ƙarfin lantarki zuwa dama, a alkiblar motsin cajin, ta yadda ƙarfin lantarki zai yi aiki mai kyau akan cajin. A lissafi, aikin da ƙarfin lantarki ke yi akan cajin mai kyau shine W = F d = q E d, inda W = aiki, F = ƙarfin lantarki, d = nisa tsakanin faranti biyu, q = cajin mai kyau, E = filin lantarki.
Bayan isa kusa da farantin da aka caji mara kyau, idan za a mayar da cajin mara kyau zuwa matsayinsa na asali kusa da farantin da aka caji mara kyau, ana buƙatar ƙarfin waje. Idan aka matsar da cajin mara kyau zuwa hagu zuwa farantin da aka caji mara kyau, ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana ci gaba da kasancewa a hannun dama don ƙarfin wutar lantarki ya yi aiki mara kyau akan cajin. A lissafi, aikin da ƙarfin lantarki ke yi akan cajin mara kyau shine W = – F d = – q E d.
Jimillar aikin da ƙarfin lantarki ke yi akan cajin mai kyau, lokacin da cajin ya koma dama, sannan ya sake komawa hagu zuwa matsayinsa na asali, shine W = q E d – q E d = 0. Idan aikin yanar gizo ya yi ta hanyar ƙarfin da ke kan abu, lokacin da abin ya motsa daga matsayinsa na asali sannan ya koma matsayinsa na asali, daidai da sifili, to ƙarfin shine ƙarfin mai ra'ayin mazan jiya. Dangane da bayanin da ke sama, za a iya kammala da cewa ƙarfin lantarki shine ƙarfin mai ra'ayin mazan jiya.
Ƙarfin wutar lantarki da makamashin wutar lantarki
Aikin da rundunonin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya ke yi yana da alaƙa da canje-canje a cikin kuzarin da ake da shi. Misali, aikin da ƙarfin nauyi ke yi akan wani abu mai yawa yana canza kuzarin ƙarfin nauyi na abu mai yawa. Haka kuma, aikin da ƙarfin lantarki ke yi a cikin cajin lantarki yana canza kuzarin ƙarfin lantarki na cajin.
Cajin da ke cikin filin lantarki iri ɗaya
Hotunan biyu da ke ƙasa suna nuna misalan aikin da rundunonin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya ke yi waɗanda ke haifar da canje-canje a cikin ƙarfin kuzari. Ana amfani da bayanin aikin da ƙarfin nauyi ya yi da canje-canje a cikin ƙarfin kuzarin nauyi a matsayin kwatancen,
don sauƙaƙe fahimtar aikin da ƙarfin lantarki ke yi da canje-canjen da ke cikin ƙarfin lantarki.
Hoton da ke hagu yana nuna wani abu da ke faɗuwa cikin 'yanci zuwa saman ƙasa. Lokacin da yake saman, abubuwa suna da ƙarfin ƙarfin nauyi mafi girma. Lokacin da yake motsawa ƙasa, ƙarfin nauyi yana aiki akan abu. Alkiblar ƙarfin nauyi iri ɗaya ce da alkiblar motsi na abin da ke ƙasa don ƙarfin nauyi ya yi aiki mai kyau. Idan aka hanzarta sauka, tsayin abu yana raguwa don haka ƙarfin ƙarfin nauyi na abu yana raguwa. Lokacin da ya isa ƙasa, ƙarfin ƙarfin nauyi yana da ƙaranci. Za a iya kammala cewa aikin da aka yi mai kyau da ƙarfin nauyi ke yi akan abu yana rage ƙarfin ƙarfin nauyi na abu. Ƙarfin ƙarfin nauyi ba ya ɓacewa amma yana canzawa zuwa kuzarin motsi, wanda aka nuna ta hanyar ƙaruwar saurin abu lokacin da ya motsa ƙasa.
Siffar da ke hannun dama tana nuna cajin mai kyau kusa da farantin da aka caji mai kyau. Idan aka kusa da farantin da aka caji mai kyau, makamashin wutar lantarki yana da matsakaicin ƙima. Kasancewar filin lantarki tsakanin faranti biyu yana sa wutar lantarki ta hanzarta cajin daga farantin da aka caji mai kyau zuwa farantin da aka caji mai kyau. Lokacin da cajin ya matsa zuwa dama, ƙarfin wutar lantarki shi ma yana kan hanyar da cajin ke motsawa zuwa dama, don haka ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana yin aiki mai kyau. Yayin motsawa zuwa dama, ƙarfin motsi na cajin yana ƙaruwa yayin da kuzarin wutar lantarki ke raguwa.
Da isowa kusa da farantin da ke da caji mara kyau, makamashin lantarki mai yuwuwa yana da mafi ƙarancin ƙima. Ana iya kammalawa cewa aikin da aka yi mai kyau da ƙarfin lantarki ke yi akan caji yana rage ƙarfin wutar lantarki na caji. Akasin haka, idan aka mayar da cajin mai kyau zuwa matsayinsa na asali to alkiblar cajin tana canzawa zuwa hagu, akasin alkiblar ƙarfin lantarki zuwa dama. Saboda alkiblar akasin haka, ƙarfin lantarki yana yin aiki mara kyau akan cajin mai kyau. Lokacin motsawa zuwa hagu, makamashin wutar lantarki yana ƙaruwa. Don haka, za a iya kammalawa cewa aikin mara kyau da ƙarfin lantarki ke yi akan caji yana ƙara ƙarfin wutar lantarki na caji.
Cajin mara kyau a cikin filin lantarki iri ɗaya
Sabanin caji mai kyau, cajin mara kyau yana da mafi girman kuzarin wutar lantarki idan yana kusa da farantin da aka caji mara kyau da kuma mafi ƙarancin kuzarin wutar lantarki idan yana kusa da farantin da aka caji mara kyau. A dabi'ance, cajin wutar lantarki yana motsawa daga babban ƙarfin zuwa ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki, don haka cajin mara kyau kuma yana motsawa daga farantin da aka caji mara kyau zuwa farantin da aka caji mara kyau. Alkiblar canja wurin cajin mara kyau yana zuwa hagu, yayin da alkiblar ƙarfin lantarki yana zuwa dama don ƙarfin wutar lantarki ya yi aiki mara kyau. Lokacin motsawa zuwa hagu, kuzarin wutar lantarki na cajin mara kyau yana raguwa kuma yana da mafi ƙarancin ƙima lokacin da cajin mara kyau ya isa kusa da farantin da aka caji mara kyau. Za a iya kammala cewa aikin mara kyau da ƙarfin lantarki ke yi yana rage kuzarin wutar lantarki na cajin mara kyau. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki ba ya ɓacewa amma yana canzawa zuwa makamashin motsi wanda ke da alaƙa da ƙara saurin cajin lokacin da ake motsawa zuwa farantin da aka caji mara kyau.
Makamashin wutar lantarki a cikin filin lantarki iri ɗaya
Makamashin wutar lantarki na caji idan cajin yana cikin wani matsayi, ba za a iya sanin ƙimarsa ba. Amma idan cajin ya motsa daga wani wuri zuwa wani, ana iya ƙididdige canjin makamashin wutar lantarki na cajin. Don haka, abin da ke da ma'ana shine canjin makamashin da ake iya samu. Ana iya sanin canje-canjen makamashin wutar lantarki (ΔEP) lokacin da cajin mai kyau ya motsa daga babban ƙarfin (faranti mai kyau) zuwa ƙaramin ƙarfin (faranti mai kyau).
Don kwatantawa, idan mangwaron yana kan tudunsa, mangwaron yana da ƙarfin ƙarfin nauyi, amma ba za a iya sanin ƙimarsa ba. Idan 'ya'yan itacen mangwaron sun hanzarta zuwa ƙasa ta hanyar ƙarfin nauyi, za a iya sanin canjin ƙarfin ƙarfin nauyi na mangwaron ta hanyar lissafi ta amfani da dabarar W = ΔEP = mgh,
inda m = taro, g = hanzarin nauyi, h = nisan da ke tsakanin mangwaro da saman ƙasa.
Haka kuma, za a iya sanin canje-canjen makamashin wutar lantarki na caji lokacin da ƙarfin wutar lantarki ya hanzarta cajin daga wani wuri zuwa wani. Kamar yadda aka bayyana a baya, idan cajin mai kyau ya motsa daga farantin mai kyau zuwa farantin mai kyau,
Ana ƙididdige canjin ƙarfin wutar lantarki ta amfani da dabarar W = ΔEP = q E d, inda q = cajin wutar lantarki, E = filin wutar lantarki da d = nisan da ke tsakanin wuri da wani wuri. Haka nan, idan cajin mara kyau ya motsa daga farantin da aka caji mara kyau zuwa farantin da aka caji mara kyau, ana ƙididdige ƙaruwar ƙarfin wutar lantarki na cajin mara kyau ta amfani da dabarar W = ΔEP = q E d.
Makamashin wutar lantarki na caji biyu
Canje-canje a cikin makamashin wutar lantarki ba wai kawai ana samun su ne ta hanyar cajin da ke cikin filin lantarki iri ɗaya ba, har ma da filin lantarki da cajin lantarki ɗaya ya samar. A ce akwai caji ɗaya Q wanda ke samar da filin lantarki kuma cajin q yana da nisan r daga cajin Q.
Q = cajin lantarki wanda ke haifar da filin lantarki
q = cajin lantarki wanda aka canza shi a filin lantarki wanda cajin Q ya samar
d = r = nisan caji q daga caji Q.
Idan duka caji suna da alama iri ɗaya, + ko -, to caji biyun suna tunkuɗa juna ko kuma su nisanta kansu don canje-canje a cikin kuzarin da ake da shi ya zama tabbatacce (ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana ƙaruwa). Wannan kamar wani abu ne da ke motsawa sama daga ƙasa don tsayinsa da ƙarfin nauyi su ƙaru. Akasin haka, idan alamar caji biyun ba iri ɗaya ba ne, caji biyun suna jan juna ko kuma su kusanci juna don canjin kuzarin da ake da shi ya zama mara kyau (ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana raguwa). Wannan kamar wani abu ne da ke motsawa ƙasa yana kusantar saman duniya don haka tsayinsa da ƙarfin nauyi su ƙaru.
Ƙarfin wutar lantarki ƙarfi ne mai kiyayewa, don haka siffar hanyar caji ba ta shafar canje-canjen makamashin wutar lantarki ba. Abin da ke tasiri ga ƙimar canje-canjen makamashin wutar lantarki, shine matsayin farko da matsayin ƙarshe na cajin.
A kan batu na gaba za a yi nazari kan ƙarfin lantarki, adadin zahiri da ke da alaƙa da ƙarfin lantarki.
