Misalai 15 na Tambayoyin Zafi da Zafi
Daidaita Ma'aunin Zafin Jiki
1. Ma'aunin zafi na X wanda aka daidaita yana nuna -30 °C ga wurin daskarewar ruwa da kuma 90 °C ga wurin tafasar ruwa. Zafin jiki na 60 °C ga X daidai yake da...
A. 20 o C
B. 45 o C
C. 50 o C
D. 75 o C
E. 80 o C
Tattaunawa
An san cewa:
Daskarewa a wurin daskarar ruwa a kan ma'aunin zafi X = -30 o
Tafasar ruwan da ke kan ma'aunin zafi X = 90 o
Tambaya: 60 o X = ….. o C
Amsa:
A ma'aunin Fahrenheit, wurin daskarewar ruwa shine 32 o F kuma wurin tafasar ruwa shine 212 o F. Tsakanin wurin daskarewar ruwa da wurin tafasar ruwa akwai bambanci na 212 o – 32 o = 180 o.
A ma'aunin Celsius, wurin daskarewar ruwa shine 0 o C kuma wurin tafasar ruwa shine 100 o C. Tsakanin wurin daskarewar ruwa da wurin tafasar ruwa akwai bambanci na 100 o – 0 o = 100 o.
A ma'aunin X, wurin daskarewar ruwa shine -30 o X kuma wurin tafasar ruwa shine 90 o X. Tsakanin wurin daskarewar ruwa da wurin tafasar ruwa akwai bambanci na 90 o – (-30 o ) = 90 o + 30 o = 120 o.
Canza sikelin X zuwa sikelin Celsius:
Amsar da ta dace ita ce D.
Faɗaɗawa
2. Ana dumama sandar ƙarfe zuwa zafin jiki na 80 oC kuma tsawonsa ya zama 115 cm. Idan ma'aunin faɗaɗa layin ƙarfen shine 3.10 -3 oC -1 kuma zafin farko na ƙarfen shine 30 oC , to tsawon farko na ƙarfen shine….
A. 100 cm
B. 101,5 cm
C. 102 cm
D. 102,5 cm
E. 103 cm
Tattaunawa
An san cewa:
Zafin farko (T1 ) = 30 oC
Zafin ƙarshe (T2 ) = 80 oC
Sauyin zafin jiki (ΔT) = 80 o C – 30 o C = 50 o C
Ma'aunin faɗaɗa layin ƙarfe (α) = 3.10 -3 o C -1
Tsawon ƙarfe na ƙarshe (L) = 115 cm
Ana nema: Tsawon farko na ƙarfe (L o )
Amsa:
Tsarin faɗaɗa tsawon:
Amsar da ta dace ita ce A.
3. Sanda tagulla da farko tana da tsawon santimita 40. Idan aka dumama ta a zafin jiki na digiri 80 o C, tsawonta zai zama santimita 40,04. Idan ma'aunin faɗaɗa tagulla mai layi shine 2,0 x 10 -5 o C -1 to zafin farko na sandar tagulla shine….
A. 20 o C
B. 22 o C
C. 25 o C
D. 30 o C
E. 50 o C
Tattaunawa
An san cewa:
Zafin ƙarshe (T2 ) = 80 oC
Tsawon farko (L o ) = 40 cm
Tsawon ƙarshe (L) = 40,04 cm
Ƙara tsayi (ΔL) = 40,04 cm – 40 cm = 0,04 cm
Ma'aunin faɗaɗa tagulla (α) = 2,0 x 10 -5 o C -1
Tambaya: Zafin farko (T 1 )
Amsa:
Tsarin faɗaɗa ƙarfe:
0,04 = (2,0 x 10 -5 )(40)(80 – T 1 )
0,04 = (80 x 10 -5 )(80 – T 1 )
0,04 = 0,0008 (80 – T 1 )
0,04 = 0,064 – 0,0008 T 1
0,0008 T 1 = 0,064 – 0,040
0,0008 T 1 = 0,024
T 1 = 30 o C
Amsar da ta dace ita ce D.
Canja wurin Zafi ta hanyar amfani da na'urar sadarwa
4. An haɗa sandunan ƙarfe masu girman iri ɗaya, amma an yi su da ƙarfe daban-daban, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoton da ke ƙasa. Idan ƙarfin zafin ƙarfe na I ya ninka ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfe na II sau 4, to zafin da ke mahadar ƙarfe biyu…
A. 450 C
B. 40 0 C
C. 35 0 C
D. 30 0 C
E. 25 0 C
Tattaunawa
An san cewa:
Girman tushe iri ɗaya
Matsakaicin ƙarfin zafi na ƙarfe I = 4k
Maido da yanayin zafi na ƙarfe II = k
Zafin ƙarfe I = 50 0 C
Zafin ƙarfe II = 0 0 C
Tambaya: Zafin jiki a mahaɗar ƙarfe biyu
Amsa:
Tsarin da ake amfani da shi wajen canja wurin zafi ta hanyar amfani da na'urar sadarwa:
Bayani: Q/t = ƙimar canja wurin zafi, k = ƙarfin watsa zafi, A = yankin saman, T 1 -T 2 = canjin zafin jiki, l = tsawon sandar
Zafin jiki a layin iyaka P da Q:
Sandunan ƙarfe guda biyu A da B girmansu iri ɗaya ne don haka an cire yankin saman (A) da tsawon (l) na sandunan daga lissafin.
Amsar da ta dace ita ce B.
5. Kula da wannan bayanin!
(1) Ƙarfin wutar lantarki
(2) Bambancin zafin jiki tsakanin ƙarshen ƙarfe
(3) Tsawon ƙarfe
(4) Nauyin ƙarfe
Abubuwan da ke tantance yawan yaɗuwar zafi a cikin ƙarfe sune...
A. (1), (2) da (3)
B. (1) da (4)
C. (2) da (4)
D. (3) da (4)
E. (4) kawai
Tattaunawa
Dangane da dabarar da aka yi amfani da ita wajen auna yawan canja wurin zafi ta hanyar amfani da na'urar, abubuwan da ke tantance yawan canja wurin zafi su ne yadda ƙarfen ke aiki (k), bambancin zafin jiki tsakanin ƙarshen ƙarfen (T) da tsawon ƙarfen (l). Nauyin ƙarfen ba shi da wani tasiri.
Amsar da ta dace ita ce A.
6. An haɗa sandunan PQ guda biyu masu girman iri ɗaya, amma nau'ikan ƙarfe daban-daban kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa. Idan ma'aunin watsa wutar lantarki na zafi P ya ninka ma'aunin watsa wutar lantarki na zafi Q sau biyu, to zafin da ke kan iyaka tsakanin P da Q shine...
A. 84°C
B. 78°C
C. 72°C
D. 70°C
E. 90°C
Tattaunawa
An san cewa:
Sandunan PQ suna da girman iri ɗaya.
Ma'aunin kwararar zafi na ƙarfe P (kP ) = 2k
Ma'aunin watsa zafi na ƙarfe Q (kQ ) = k
Tambaya: Zafin jiki a layin iyaka P da Q
Amsa:
Tsarin da ake amfani da shi wajen canja wurin zafi ta hanyar amfani da na'urar sadarwa:
Bayani: Q/t = ƙimar canja wurin zafi, k = ƙarfin watsa zafi, A = yankin saman, T 1 -T 2 = canjin zafin jiki, l = tsawon sandar
Zafin jiki a layin iyaka P da Q:
Sandunan PQ girmansu iri ɗaya ne don haka an cire A da l daga lissafin.
Babu amsar da ta dace.
Canjin Fom
7. Ana haɗa kilogiram 1 na kankara a zafin jiki na 0 oC da kilogiram 0,5 na ruwa a zafin jiki na 0 o C, sannan...
A. wasu daga cikin ruwan suna daskarewa
B. wasu daga cikin kankara suna narkewa
C. duk kankara ta narke
D. duk ruwan yana daskarewa
E. nauyin kankara a cikin ruwa ya kasance iri ɗaya
Tattaunawa
Kalmar kankara tana nufin ruwa a cikin siffa mai ƙarfi, yayin da kalmar ruwa ke nuna ruwa a cikin siffa mai ruwa.
A digiri 0 Celsius , ƙanƙara tana canzawa daga daskararre zuwa ruwa. Domin wannan canjin yanayi, ƙanƙara dole ne ta sha zafi. Ana haɗa ƙanƙara da ruwa, don haka ƙanƙarar ya kamata ta sha zafi daga ruwan. Duk da haka, ruwan ma yana a digiri 0 Celsius , don haka babu wani zafi da ƙanƙarar za ta iya sha. Saboda haka, nauyin ƙanƙara a cikin ruwan yana nan daram.
Amsar da ta dace ita ce E.
Ƙa'idar Baƙi
8. A cikin tukunyar ƙarfe mai nauyin gram 200, akwai gram 100 na mai a zafin jiki na 20 oC . A cikin tukunya, ana saka gram 50 na ƙarfe a zafin jiki na 75 oC . Idan zafin jirgin ya tashi da 5 oC kuma takamaiman zafin mai = 0,43 cal/g oC , to takamaiman zafin ƙarfe shine...
A. 0,143 kalori/g o C
B. 0,098 kalori/g o C
C. 0,084 kalori/g o C
D. 0,075 kalori/g o C
E. 0,064 cal/g o C
Tattaunawa
An san cewa:
Nauyin jirgin ruwa na ƙarfe (m) = 200 gr
Zafin farko na jirgin ƙarfe (T1 ) = 20 oC
Man yana cikin tukunyar ƙarfe don haka zafin mai = zafin tukunyar ƙarfe.
Zafin ƙarshe na jirgin ƙarfe (T2 ) = 20 oC + 5 oC = 25 oC
Nauyin mai (m) = gram 100
Takamaiman zafin mai (c mai) = 0,43 cal/g o C
Zafin mai na farko (T 1 ) = 20 oC
Man yana cikin tukunya don haka man yana cikin daidaiton zafi tare da tukunyar ƙarfe. Don haka idan zafin ƙarshe na tukunyar ƙarfe ya kai 25 oC , to zafin ƙarshe na mai shine 25 oC.
Zafin mai na ƙarshe (T 2 ) = 20 o C + 5 o C = 25 o C
Nauyin ƙarfe (m) = gram 50
Zafin ƙarfe na farko (T1 ) = 75 oC
Ana nutsar da ƙarfe a cikin mai a cikin tukunya, don haka ƙarfen yana cikin daidaiton zafi tare da mai da tukunyar. Don haka idan zafin ƙarshe na tukunyar ya kai 25 oC , to zafin ƙarshe na ƙarfen shine 25 oC.
Tambaya: Takamammen zafin ƙarfe (c iron)
Amsa:
Zafin da ƙarfe ke fitarwa:
Q = mc ΔT = (50)(c)(75-25) = (50)(c)(50) = 2500c adadin kuzari
Zafin da jirgin ƙarfe ke sha:
Q = mc ΔT = (200)(c)(25-20) = (200)(c)(5) = 1000c adadin kuzari
Zafin da mai ke sha:
Q = mc ΔT = (100)(0,43)(25-20) = (43)(5) = adadin kuzari 215
Ka'idar Black ta bayyana cewa a cikin tsarin da aka rufe, wanda aka keɓe, zafin da wani abu mai zafi mai yawa ke fitarwa yana sha ta hanyar wani abu mai ƙarancin zafin jiki.
An cire Q = An sha Q
2500c = 1000c + 215
2500c – 1000c = 215
1500c = 215
c = 215/1500
c = 0,143 kalori/g o C
Amsar da ta dace ita ce A.
9. Gilashin da ke ɗauke da gram 200 na ruwa a zafin jiki na 20°C an cika shi da gram 50 na kankara a zafin jiki na -2°C. Idan kawai musayar zafi ta faru tsakanin ruwa da kankara, bayan daidaito ya faru, za a sami waɗannan abubuwa: (c ruwa = 1 cal/gr°C; c kankara = 0,5 cal/gr°C; L = 80 cal/gr)
A. Duk kankara na narkewa kuma zafin ya wuce 0°C
B. duk kankara yana narkewa kuma zafin jiki shine 0°C
C. Ba duk kankara ke narkewa ba kuma zafin jiki shine 0°C
D. zafin tsarin gaba ɗaya yana ƙasa da 0°C
E. wasu daga cikin ruwan suna daskarewa kuma zafin tsarin shine 0°C
Tattaunawa
An san cewa:
Nauyin ruwa (m ) = gram 200
Zafin ruwa (T ruwa ) = 20 oC
Takamaiman zafin ruwa (c ruwa ) = 1 cal/gr°C
Nauyin kankara (m es ) = gram 50
Zafin kankara (T es ) = -2 o C
Takamaiman zafin kankara (c es ) = 0,5 cal/gr°C
Zafin ruwan narkewa (L) = 80 cal/gr
Amsa:
Zafi don ɗaga zafin kankara daga -2 o C zuwa 0 o C:
Q = mc ΔT
Q = (gram 50)(0,5 kalori/gr°C)(0 o C – (-2 o C))
Q = (50)(0,5 cal)(2)
Q = kalori 50
Zafi don narke dukkan kankara ya zama ruwa:
Q = m L = (gram 50)(cal 80/gram) = kalori 4000
Zafi don rage zafin dukkan ruwa daga 20 o C zuwa 0 o C:
Q = mc ΔT
Q = (gram 200)(cal 1/gr°C)(0 o C – (20 o C))
Q = (200)(cal 1)(-20)
Q = -4000 kalori
Alamar da ke nuna cewa an ƙara zafi, alamar da ba ta da kyau tana nufin an saki zafi.
Zafin da ake buƙata don ɗaga zafin kankara zuwa 0 ° C shine kalori 50, kuma zafin da ake buƙata don narke dukkan kankara shine kalori 4000. Saboda haka, jimlar zafin da ake buƙata don narke dukkan kankara shine kalori 4050. Zafin da ake da shi shine zafin da ruwa ke fitarwa, wanda shine kalori 4000.
Za a iya kammala da cewa zafin da ake da shi bai isa ya narke dukkan kankarar ya zama ruwa ba. Yawancin kankarar sun narke sun zama ruwa, amma ƙaramin ɓangare bai narke ba. Wannan ruwan da sauran kankarar suna a zafin 0 ° C.
Amsar da ta dace ita ce C.
10. Ana saka wani yanki na aluminum mai nauyin gram 200 tare da zafin jiki na 20 oC a cikin tukunyar ruwa mai nauyin gram 100 da zafin jiki na 80 oC . Idan takamaiman zafin aluminum shine 0,22 cal/g oC kuma takamaiman zafin ruwa shine 1 cal/g o C, to zafin ƙarshe na aluminum yana kusa da...
A. 20 o C
B. 42 o C
C. 62 o C
D. 80 o C
E. 100 o C
Tattaunawa
An sani cewa :
Nauyin aluminum = gram 200
Zafin aluminum = 20 oC
Nauyin ruwa = gram 100
Zafin ruwa = 80 oC
Takamaiman zafin aluminum = 0,22 cal/g o C
Takamaiman zafin ruwa = 1 cal/g o C
An tambaya : zafin jiki na ƙarshe na aluminum
Amsa :
Aluminum yana cikin ruwa don haka zafin ƙarshe na aluminum = zafin ƙarshe na ruwan.
Zafin da ruwan zafin da ya fi girma ya fitar (Q ya fito) = zafin da aluminum mai ƙarancin zafi ke sha (Q ya sha)
ruwa m c (ΔT) = m aluminum c (ΔT)
(100)(1)(80 – T) = (200)(0,22)(T – 20)
(100)(80 – T) = (44)(T – 20)
8000 – 100T = 44T – 880
8000 + 880 = 44T + 100T
8880 = 144T
T = 62 o C
Amsar da ta dace ita ce C.
11. Ana tsoma tsabar kuɗi mai nauyin 50g a zafin 85°C a cikin 50g na ruwa a zafin 29,8°C (zafin ruwa na musamman = 1 cal.g —1 .°C —1 ). Idan zafin ƙarshe shine 37°C kuma kwandon bai sha zafi ba, to zafin ƙarfen da aka ƙayyade...
A. 0,15 kalori.g -1 .°C -1
B. 0,30 kalori.g -1 .°C -1
C. 1,50 kalori.g -1 .°C -1
D. 4,8 kalori.g -1 .°C -1
E. 7,2 cal.g -1 .°C -1
Tattaunawa
An sani cewa :
Nauyin ƙarfe (m ƙarfe ) = gram 50
Zafin ƙarfe = 85 oC
Nauyin ruwa (m ) = gram 50
Zafin ruwa = 29,8 oC
Takamaiman zafin ruwa (c ruwa ) = 1 cal.g -1 .°C -1
Zafin ƙarshe na cakuda = 37 oC
An tambaya : takamaiman zafin ƙarfe (c ƙarfe)
Amsa :
Zafin da ƙarfe mai zafi mafi girma ke fitarwa (Q ya saki) = zafin da ruwan zafin ƙasa ke sha (Q ya sha)
m ƙarfe c (ΔT) = m ruwa c (ΔT)
(50)(c)(85 – 37) = (50)(1)(37 – 29,8)
(c)(85 – 37) = (1)(37 – 29,8)
48 c = 7,2
c = 0,15 kalori.g -1 .°C -1
Amsar da ta dace ita ce A.
12. Ana tsoma ƙaramin kankara mai nauyin gram 50 a zafin 0°C a cikin gram 200 na ruwa a zafin 30°C da aka sanya a cikin wani akwati na musamman. A ɗauka cewa kwandon ba ya shan zafi. Idan takamaiman zafin ruwan shine 1 cal.g – 1 °C –1 kuma zafin haɗuwar kankara shine 80 cal.g –1 , to zafin ƙarshe na cakuda shine….
A. 5°C
B. 8°C
C. 11°C
D. 14°C
E. 17°C
Tattaunawa
An sani cewa :
Nauyin kankara (m es ) = gram 50
Zafin kankara = 0°C
Nauyin ruwa (m ) = gram 200
Zafin ruwa = 30 oC
Takamaiman zafin ruwa (c ruwa ) = 1 cal.g – 1 °C –1
Zafin kankara mai narkewa (L ) = 80 cal.g –1
An tambaya : zafin ƙarshe na cakuda
Amsa :
Da farko kimanta yanayin ƙarshe:
Zafin da ruwa ke fitarwa don rage zafinsa daga 30 oC zuwa 0 oC :
Q mai sassauƙa = m ruwa c ruwa (ΔT) = (200)(1)(30-0) = (200)(30) = 6000
Zafin da ake buƙata don narke dukkan kankara:
Q narke = m es L es = (50) (80) = 4000
Zafin da ake amfani da shi wajen narkar da dukkan kankara shine 4000 kawai yayin da adadin zafin da ake da shi shine 6000. Za a iya kammala da cewa zafin ƙarshe na cakuda ya wuce 0 oC.
Ƙa'idar Baƙi :
Zafin da ruwa ke fitarwa = zafi don narke dukkan kankara + zafi don ɗaga zafin ruwan kankara
(m ruwa )(c ruwa )(ΔT) = (m es )(L es ) + (m es )(c ruwa )(ΔT)
(200)(1)(30-T) = (50)(80) + (50)(1)(T-0)
(200)(30-T) = (50)(80) + (50)(T-0)
6000 – 200T = 4000 + 50T – 0
6000 – 4000 = 50T + 200T
2000 = 250T
T = 2000/250
T = 8 o C
Amsar da ta dace ita ce B.
Canje-canje a cikin yanayin abu
13. Jadawalin da ke ƙasa yana nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin zafin jiki (T) da zafi (Q) da aka shafa wa gram 1 na ƙarfi. Adadin zafin tururin danshi shine…
A. Kalori 60/gram
B. Kalori 70/gram
C. Kalori 80/gram
D. Kalori 90/gram
E. Kalori 100/gram
Tattaunawa:
Zafin tururin ruwa shine adadin zafi da gram 1 na abu ke sha (ko kuma ya saki) don canza yanayinsa daga ruwa zuwa iskar gas (ko daga iskar gas zuwa ruwa).
An sani :
Daɗin da aka sha ko aka saki: Q = kalori 140 – kalori 60 = kalori 80
Nauyin abu mai ƙarfi: m = gram 1
An tambaya :
Zafin tururi (L)v) daskararru?
Jawab :
Tsarin tantance zafin tururi :
Q = m Lv
Bayani: Q = zafi da ke sha ko kuma ya saki, m = nauyin abu, Lv = zafin tururi
Lv = Q / m
Lv = kalori 80 / gram 1
Lv = kalori 80/gram
Amsar da ta dace ita ce C.
14. A ƙasa akwai jadawalin zafi idan aka kwatanta da zafin kilogiram 1 na tururi a matsin lamba na yau da kullun. Tafasar ruwan shine 2256 x 103 J/kg kuma takamaiman zafin ruwa shine 4,2 x 103 J/kg K, to zafin da ake fitarwa a canjin tururi zuwa ruwa shine…
A. 4,50 × 103 Joule
B. 5,20 × 103 Joule
C. 2,00 × 106 Joule
D. 2,26 × 106 Joule
E. 4,40 × 106 Joule
Tattaunawa:
An sani :
Zafin tururi ko zafi mai zafi (L)v= 2.256 x 103 J/kg
Takamaiman zafin ruwa (c) = 4200 J/kg K
Nauyin tururi (m) = 1 kg
An tambaya :
An saki zafi (Q)?
Jawab :
Q = m Lv
Q = (1 kg)(2.256 x 103 J/kg)
Q = 2256 x 103 Joule
Q = 2,256 x 106 Joule
Amsar da ta dace ita ce D.
15. Adadin zafi da ake sha don ɗaga zafin ruwa na kilogiram 2 daga -2 oC zuwa 10 oC shine… Takamaiman zafin ruwa = 4.200 J/kg Co, takamaiman zafin kankara = 2.100 J/kg Co, zafin haɗuwar ruwa (LF) = 334.000 J/kg
A. 760.400 J
B. 750.000 J
C. 668.000 J
D. 600.000 J
E. 540.000 J
Tattaunawa:
An sani :
Nauyin ruwa (m) = 2 kg
Zafin farko (T) = -2 oC
Zafin ƙarshe (T) = 10 oC
Takamaiman zafin kankara (c es) = 2100 J/kg Co
Takamaiman zafin ruwa (c ruwa) = 4200 J/kg Co
Zafin haɗakar ruwa (L)F) = 334.000 J/kg
An tambaya :
Zafi yana sha (Q)?
Jawab :
Canjin yanayi daga -2 oC zuwa 10 oC tana tafiya ta matakai da dama.
Mataki na 1, zafin kankara yana ƙaruwa daga -2 oC zuwa 0 oC (ƙaruwar zafin kankara yana tsayawa a wurin daskarewar ruwa, wanda shine 0 oC)
Mataki na 2, duk kankara yana narkewa (yanayin tauri yana canzawa zuwa yanayin ruwa a zafin ruwan da ke daskarewa, wanda shine 0 oC)
Mataki na 3, zafin ruwan ya sake ƙaruwa daga 0 oC zuwa 10 oC)
Don haka daga zafin jiki na -2 oC zuwa 0 oC, ruwa har yanzu yana cikin siffa mai ƙarfi. A zafin jiki 0 oC, akwai canji daga tauri zuwa ruwa. Bayan yanayin tauri ya canza zuwa yanayin ruwa, zafin ruwan ya sake ƙaruwa daga 0 oC zuwa 10 oC.
Q1 = (m)(c es)(delta T) = (2 kg)(2100 J/kg Co)(0 oC – (-2) oC)) = (2) (2100 J) (2) = 8400 J
Q2 = (m)(L)F(2 kg) (334.000 J/kg) = 668.000 J.
Q3 = (m)(c ruwa)(delta T) = (2 kg)(4200 J/kg C)o)(10 oC - 0 oC)) = (2) (4200 J) (10) = 84000 J
Zafi da ake sha:
Q = Q1 +Q2 +Q3
Q = 8400 J + 668.000 J + 84000 J
Q = Joules 760.400
Amsar da ta dace ita ce A.
Tushen tambaya:
Tambayoyin Nazarin Fizik na Ƙasa ga Makarantar Sakandare ta Babbar Sakandare/Makarantar Sakandare ta Sana'a
