Wake wadlala amabhamuza ensipho? Ibhamuza ensipho liyindilinga. Liyahlekisa. Lingapheshulwa. Ngemva kokundiza, amabhamuza ensipho ayaqhuma. Wow, kumnandi, umdlalo wobuntwana. Kungani ibhamuza ensipho liyindilinga?
Sicela uvuke ekuseni, bese uqaphela amaqabunga azungeze indlu. Qaphela amaconsi amazolo anamathele emaqabunga. Kuyamangaza; amaconsi amazolo ayindilinga. Kungaba kanjani lokho?
Ukucindezeleka kobuso kwenzeka ngoba ubuso boketshezi buvame ukuqina ukuze ubuso bubukeke njengolwelwesi oluncane. Lokhu kuthonywa amandla okuhlangana phakathi kwama-molecule amanzi. Ukuze uqonde kangcono le ncazelo, cabanga ngomfanekiso olandelayo. Sibuyekeza uketshezi olusesitsheni.
Ngaphakathi koketshezi, i-molecule ngayinye ewuketshezi izungezwe amanye ama-molecule ohlangothini ngalunye; kodwa ebusweni boketshezi, kukhona ama-molecule ewuketshezi kuphela ngezansi. Phezulu, azikho ezinye ama-molecule ewuketshezi. Ngenxa yokuthi i-molecule ewuketshezi iyakhangana, kukhona amandla aphelele angu-zero ku-molecule engaphakathi koketshezi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ama-molecule ewuketshezi atholakala ebusweni adonswa yizinhlayiya zoketshezi ezingaphansi. Ngenxa yalokho, ebusweni boketshezi, kukhona amandla aphelele aqondiswa phansi. Ngenxa yamandla aphelele awela phansi, uketshezi olutholakala ebusweni luvame ukunciphisa indawo yalo ebusweni, ngokuncipha ngamandla amakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka.
Lokhu kubangela ukuthi ungqimba olumanzi olungaphezulu lubonakale sengathi lumbozwe ulwelwesi oluncane olunwebekayo. Lesi simo saziwa ngokuthi i-Surface Tension.
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Uma i-clip ibekwa ngokucophelela ebusweni bamanzi, ama-molecule amanzi akhona ebusweni acindezelwa kancane amandla adonsela phansi e-clip, ukuze ama-molecule amanzi akhona ngezansi anikeze amandla okubuyisela ukusekela i-clip.
Eqinisweni, akuzona nje iziqeshana noma iziqeshana zephepha, kodwa nezinye izinto ezifana nezinaliti. Uma sibeka inaliti ngokucophelela ngaphezu kwamanzi, inaliti izontanta. Ukucindezeleka kobuso boketshezi nakho kuyisizathu esenza izinambuzane zintante emanzini.
Isibalo Sokucindezeleka Komphezulu
Engxoxweni edlule, sifunde umqondo wokucindezeleka kobuso ngokwekhwalithi (akukho sibalo sezibalo). Manje sibuyekeza ukucindezeleka kobuso ngokwesilinganiso. Ukuze sisize ekutholeni isibalo sokucindezeleka kobuso, sibheka ucingo olugobile ukuze lwakhe uhlamvu u-U. Olunye ucingo oluqondile lunamathiselwe emilenzeni emibili yocingo lwe-U, lapho ucingo oluqondile lungathuthwa khona.
Uma le ntambo ifakwa ensipheni, ngemva kokususa izokwakha ungqimba lwamanzi anensipho ebusweni bentambo. Kufana nalapho udlala amabhamuza ensipho. Ngenxa yokuthi intambo eqondile ingasuswa futhi ubunzima bayo abubukhulu kakhulu, ungqimba lwamanzi anensipho luzonikeza amandla okucindezela ubuso entanjeni eqondile ukuze intambo iqonde phezulu. Ukuze intambo eqondile ingashukumi (intambo ilingana), kudingeka amandla aphelele okwehla, lapho inani lamandla aphelele lingu-F = w + T. Ngokulinganisela, u-F = amandla okucindezela ubuso athwalwa ungqimba lwensipho entanjeni eqondile.
Ake sithi ubude bentambo eqondile bungu-l. Ngenxa yokuthi ungqimba lwamanzi anensipho oluthinta intambo eqondile lunezindawo ezimbili, amandla okucindezela ubuso akhiqizwa ungqimba lwamanzi anensipho asebenza ku-2l. Ukucindezela kobuso kungqimba lwensipho kuwukuqhathanisa phakathi kweNkuthazo Yomphezulu (F) nobude bobuso lapho amandla asebenza khona (d). Kulokhu, ubude bobuso bungu-2l. Ngokwezibalo, kubhaliwe:
Ngenxa yokuthi ukucindezeleka kobuso kuyisilinganiso esiphakathi kwamandla okucindezeleka kobuso nobude, iyunithi yokucindezeleka kobuso yi-Newton ngemitha (N / m) noma i-dyne ngesentimitha (dynes/cm).
Okulandelayo amanye amanani e-Surface Tension atholakale ngokusekelwe ekuhlolweni.
Ngokusekelwe kudatha ye-Surface Tension, izinga lokushisa lithinta inani lokucindezeleka kobuso boketshezi. Ngokuvamile uma kukhona ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa, inani lokucindezeleka kobuso liyancipha (Qhathanisa ukucindezeleka kobuso bamanzi ekushiseni ngakunye. Bheka ithebula). Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, ama-molecule oketshezi ahamba ngokushesha ukuze umphumela wokuxhumana phakathi kwama-molecule oketshezi wehle. Ngenxa yalokho inani lokucindezeleka kobuso nalo lehle.
Ukusetshenziswa Kwemibono Yokucindezeleka Komphezulu empilweni yansuku zonke
Wake wazibuza ukuthi, kungani kufanele sigeze izingubo ngensipho? Inkinga ukuthi izingubo esizigezayo zihlanzekile ngempela; amanzi kumele adlule esikhaleni esincane kakhulu semicu yezingubo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukwandisa indawo yamanzi. Nokho, lokhu kunzima kakhulu ukukwenza ngenxa yokucindezeleka kobuso. Ngokungenakugwenywa inani lokucindezeleka kobuso kumele lehliswe kuqala. Singanciphisa ukucindezeleka kobuso ngokusebenzisa amanzi ashisayo. Uma izinga lokushisa lamanzi liphakeme, kungcono ngoba, lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi liphakeme, ukucindezeleka kobuso kuncane (bheka ithebula). Lena yindlela yokuqala ehlukile futhi iyindlela engasetshenziswa kakhulu. Enye indlela ukusebenzisa insipho.
Uma izinga lokushisa lingu-20 o C, inani lokucindezela kobuso bamanzi ensipho lingu-25.00 mN/m. Zama ukuqhathanisa phakathi kwensipho namanzi ashisayo, yiliphi inani lokucindezela kobuso elincane kunawo wonke? Uma izinga lokushisa lingu-100 o C, inani lokucindezela kobuso bamanzi ashisayo = 58.90. Uma izinga lokushisa lingu-20 o C, inani lokucindezela kobuso bensipho lingu-25.00 mN/m. Kunenzuzo enkulu ukusebenzisa insipho. Okuchazwe ngenhla kungenye yezinto ezithonyayo kuphela?
Kungani insipho noma ibhamuza lamanzi liyindilinga?
Amabhamuza ensipho noma amaconsi amanzi ayindilinga ngoba athintwa ukucindezeleka kobuso. Okokuqala, sixoxa ngamabhamuza ensipho. Amabhamuza ensipho anezingqimba ezimbili ezincane ebusweni futhi phakathi kwawo kunezingqimba ezincane zamanzi.
Ukuba khona kokucindezeleka kobuso kubangela ukuthi ulwelwesi lunciphe futhi kuvame ukunciphisa indawo yalo ebusweni. Lapho ulwelwesi lwamanzi olunensipho luncipha futhi luzama ukunciphisa indawo yalo ebusweni, kuba nomehluko ekucindezelweni komoya ngaphandle kolwelwesi (ukucindezeleka komoya) kanye nokucindezeleka komoya ngaphakathi kolwelwesi. Ukucindezeleka komoya okungaphandle kolwelwesi (ukucindezeleka komoya) nakho kusunduza ulwelwesi lwamanzi anensipho lapho luncipha ngoba ukucindezeleka komoya okungaphakathi kolwelwesi kuncane.
Ngemva kokuba ulwelwesi selufinyeziwe, umoya ongaphakathi (umoya ovaleleke phakathi kwalezi zingxenyana ezimbili) uyacindezelwa, okwandisa umfutho womoya ngaphakathi kwengqimba kuze kube yilapho kungafinyeleli ufinyeziwe. Ngamanye amazwi, lapho kungasekho ufinyeziwe, inani lomfutho womoya phakathi kwalezi zingxenyana lifana nomfutho womoya + amandla okucindezeleka kobuso obufinyezayo ulwelwesi.
Kuthiwani-ke ngamaconsi amazolo noma amaconsi amanzi aphuma empompini? Okufanayo ngoba imbangela eyinhloko ukucindezeleka kobuso. Uma amabhamuza ensipho enezingqimba ezimbili ezincane ezindaweni ezimbili, khona-ke amaconsi amanzi anesendlalelo esisodwa esincane, esingaphandle kwamaconsi amanzi. Ingaphakathi ligcwele amanzi. Ngenxa yamandla okuhlangana, kuvela ukucindezeleka kobuso. Ingxenye engaphandle yeconsi lamanzi iyadonswa. Ngenxa yalokho, amanzi ayancipha futhi athambekele ekunciphiseni indawo yawo engaphezulu. Ukucindezeleka komoya okungaphandle nakho kucindezela amaconsi amanzi. Ukuncipha kuzoma lapho ukucindezeleka okungaphakathi kwamanzi kulingana nokucindezeleka komoya + amandla okucindezeleka kobuso okuvimba ulwelwesi lwamanzi.
