Ugesi oqinile - izinkinga nezixazululo

Ugesi oqinile - izinkinga nezixazululo

Amandla kagesi

1. Iphuzu A ensimini kagesi . Ubukhulu bensimu kagesi endaweni A = 0.5 NC ^-1 . Uma kufakwa ishaja engu-0.25-C endaweni A, pho iyini amandla kagesi asetshenziswa ekushajeni.

Kwaziwa:

Insimu kagesi endaweni A = 0.5 NC ^-1

Ukushaja kukagesi endaweni A = 0.25 C

Kufunwa: Amandla kagesi

Isixazululo:

F = q E

F = (0.25 C)(0.5 NC ^-1 )

F = 0.125N

2. Amashaja amabili angu-5 C no-4 C ahlukaniswe ngebanga lamamitha angu-3. Uma i-Coulomb constant ingu-9 × 10⁹ Nm² C^-2, ubukhulu bamandla kagesi abhekana nokushaja okubili bungakanani?

Kwaziwa:

Ishaja 1 (q)₁) = 5 C

Ishaja 2 (q)₂) = 4 C

Ibanga phakathi kokushaja 1 nokushaja 2 (r) = amamitha angu-3

I-coulomb's constant (k) = 9 × 10⁹ Nm² C^-2

Kufunwa: Ubukhulu bamandla kagesi (F)

Isixazululo:

3. Ishaja kagesi +q₁ = 10 μC ; +q₂ = 20 μC; kanye no-q₃ zihlukanisiwe, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi. Amandla kagesi asebenza ekushajeni q₂ = 0, pho-ke iyini inkokhelo ka-q₃.

Kwaziwa:

Ishaja 1 (q ₁ ) = 10 μC = 10 x 10 ^-6 C

Ishaja 2 (q ₂ ) = 20 μC = 20 x 10 ^-6 C

Kufunwa: Iyini icala lika-q₃

Isixazululo:

Kunezenzo ezimbili zamandla ku-+q₂.

Amandla okuqala amandla axoshayo phakathi kokushaja +q₁ futhi ukhokhise +q₂ lokho kungu-F₁₂, ngakwesokudla.

Amandla kagesi aphelele asebenza ku-q₂ = 0 bese kuba u-q₃ kumele kube negative.

Amandla esibili amandla akhangayo phakathi kokushaja +q₂ kanye no-q₃ lokho kungu-F₂₃, ngakwesobunxele.

Womabili la mandla asebenza ku-q₂, zinobukhulu obufanayo kodwa zinohlangothi oluphambene.

Amandla e-Net asebenza ku-+q₂ = 0.

4. Izindleko ezintathu q₁, q, kanye no-q₂ zisemgqeni. Uma u-q = 5.0 μC kanye no-d = 30 cm, khona-ke ubukhulu kanye nesiqondiso samandla kagesi kusebenza kanjani ekushajeni u-q.

Kwaziwa:

Ishaja 1 (q)₁) = 30 μC = 30 x 10^-6 C

Ishaja 2 (q)₂) = 60 μC = 60 x 10^-6 C

Ishaja 3 (q) = 5 μC = 5 x 10^-6 C

Ibanga eliphakathi kuka-q₁ kanye no-q = d

Ibanga eliphakathi kuka-q₂ futhi u-q = 2d

d = 30 cm = 0.3 amamitha

d ² = (0.3) ² = 0.09

I-coulomb's constant (k) = 9 x 10⁹ N m² C^-2

Kufunwa: Ubukhulu kanye nesiqondiso samandla kagesi kusebenza ngokushaja kagesi

Isixazululo:

Kunamandla amabili asebenza ku-q okungu-F₁ ngakwesokudla (u-q no-q₁ banethemba ngakho-ke F₁ kude no-q no-q₁) kanye no-F₂ ngakwesobunxele (u-q no-q₂ banethemba ngakho-ke F₂ kude no-q no-q₂). Okokuqala kubalwe u-F₁ noF₂.

Amandla aphelele angama-7.5 Newtons. Isiqondiso samandla aphelele = isiqondiso sika-F₁, iphuzu elingakwesokudla ukuze ushaje u-q₂.

Inkambu kagesi

5. Akuvamile okuphakathi ukukhokha u-q usephuzwini lika-P ensimini kagesi Okhiqizwayo ngokushaja (+) ukuze ithole amandla angu-0.05 N maqondana nokushaja. Uma ubukhulu kagesi field at iphuzu P lingu-2 x 10^-2 NC^-1, khona-ke kuyini ubukhulu kanye nohlobo lweshaja olubangela electric inkambu.

Kwaziwa:

Amandla kagesi (F) = 0.05 N

Insimu kagesi (E) = 2 x 10 ^-2 NC ^-1 = 0.02 NC ^-1

Okufunayo: Ubukhulu kanye nohlobo lweshaja kagesi

Isixazululo:

Ishaja kagesi ibalwa kusetshenziswa ifomula eveza ubudlelwano phakathi kwamandla kagesi (F), insimu kagesi (E) kanye neshaja kagesi (q):

F = q E

q = F / E = 0.05 N / 0.02 NC ^–1 = 2.5 Ama-Coulomb

Ishaja u-q ibhekana namandla kagesi aqonde ekushajeni (+) okukhiqiza insimu kagesi, ngakho-ke ishaja u-q ayilungile.

6. Amashaja u-A no-B ahlukaniswe ngebanga lamamitha angu-4. Iphuzu C liphakathi kwamashaja womabili, imitha eli-1 ukusuka endaweni u-A. Uma u-Q_A = –300 μC, Q_B = 600 μC. 1/4 π ε₀ = 9 × 10⁹ N m² C– 2, bese kuba ubukhulu bensimu kagesi endaweni C ekhiqizwa yizo zombili iziteshi.

Kwaziwa:

Ibanga phakathi kwezindleko A no-B (r)_AB) = amamitha angu-4

Ibanga phakathi kwephuzu C kanye nokushaja u-A (r)_AC) = 1 amamitha

Ibanga phakathi kwephuzu C kanye neshaja B (r)_BC) = amamitha angu-3

Inkokhelo A (q)_A) = –300 μC = -300 x 10^-6 C = -3 x 10^-4 I-Coulomb

Ishaja B (q)_B) = 600 μC = 600 x 10^-6 C = 6 x 10^-4 I-Coulomb

Okungaguquki (k) = 9 × 10⁹ N m² C^-2

Kufunwa: Insimu kagesi endaweni C

Isixazululo:

Insimu kagesi ekhiqizwa yishaja A endaweni C:

Shaja A ayilungile kangangokuthi isiqondiso sensimu kagesi sikhomba ekushajeni u-A futhi sibheke kude nokushaja u-B (ngakwesobunxele).

Insimu kagesi ekhiqizwa yishaja B endaweni C:

Ishaja B ilungile kangangokuthi indlela insimu kagesi eqondiswa ngayo ikude neshaja B futhi ikhomba ukushaja u-A (ngakwesobunxele).

Umphumela wensimu kagesi endaweni A:

E = E _A + E _B

E = (27 x 10 ⁵ ) + (6 x 10 ⁵ )

E = 33 x 10 ⁵ N/C

Isiqondiso sensimu kagesi sikhomba ukushaja u-A futhi sibheke kude nokushaja u-B (kwesobunxele).

7. Uthuli oluyi-1 mg luntanta emoyeni. Uma ukushaja kothuli kungu-0.5 μC futhi ukusheshisa ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi kungu-10 m/s2, nquma ubukhulu bensimu kagesi esekela uthuli.

Kwaziwa:

Isisindo sothuli (m) = 1 mg = 1 x 10^-6 kg

Ukushaja kothuli (q) = 0.5 μC = 0.5 x 10^-6 C

Ukusheshisa ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi (g) = 10 m/s ²

Kufunwa: Inkambu kagesi

Isixazululo:

w = mg

w = isisindo sothuli, m = isisindo sothuli, g = ukusheshisa ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi

Amandla adonsela phansi asebenza othulini:

w = mg = (1 x 10 ^-6 kg)(10 m/s ² ) = 10 x 10 ^-6 kg m/s ² = 10 x 10 ^-6 AmaNewton

Isibalo sensimu kagesi:

E = F/q

E = insimu kagesi, F = amandla kagesi, q = ishaja kagesi

Faka u-F esilinganisweni sensimu kagesi bese u-w esilinganisweni sesisindo:

E = F/q = w/q

E = (10 x 10 ^-6 N) / (0.5 x 10 ^-6 C)

E = 10 N / 0,5 C

E = 20 N/C

8. Izindleko ezimbili q₁ = 32 μC kanye no-q₂ = -214 μC zihlukaniswe ngebanga lika-x, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi. Akukho nsimu kagesi endaweni ethi P etholakala ku-10 cm ukusuka ku-q₂Thola u-x.

Kwaziwa:

Ishaja 1 (Q)₁) = 32 μC

Ishaja 2 (Q)₂) = -214 μC

Ibanga lephuzu P kusuka ku-q₁ = x + 10 cm

Ibanga lephuzu P kusuka ku-q₂ = 10cm

Okufunayo: x

Isixazululo:

E₁ = insimu kagesi ekhiqizwa yi-charge Q₁. Isiqondiso sensimu kagesi kude ne-Q₁ ngoba u-Q₁ kuyinto enhle. E₂ = insimu kagesi ekhiqizwe yi-Q₂. Isiqondiso sensimu kagesi sikhomba ku-Q₂ ngoba u-Q₂ kuyinto engemihle.

Akukho mandla aphelele endaweni ethi p etholakala ku-10 cm ukusuka ku-Q₂

Sebenzisa ifomula ye-quadratic:

9. Iphuzu elishajiwe u-q lisephuzwini u-P ensimini kagesi Okhiqizwayo ngokushaja (+), ngaleyo ndlela kube namandla angu-0.05 N. Uma ishaja ingu-+5 × l0^-6 Coulomb, ingabe ubukhulu bensimu kagesi endaweni C buyini.

Kwaziwa:

Amandla kagesi (F) = 0.05 amaNewton

Ishaja kagesi (Q) = +5 × l0^-6 I-Coulomb = 0.000005

Kufunwa: Insimu kagesi endaweni P

Isixazululo:

E = F / Q

E = 0.05 Newton / 0.000005 Coulomb

E = 5 Newton / 0.0005 Coulomb

E = 10,000 Newton/Coulomb

E = 10 ⁴ N/C

E = 10 ⁴ NC ^-1

1. Yini ugesi omile? Impendulo: Ugesi oqinile ubhekisela ekuqongeleleni kweshaja kagesi ebusweni bezinto. Ubizwa ngokuthi “ongaguquki” ngoba amashaja ahlala endaweni eyodwa kunokuba ahambe noma ageleze njengakugesi wamanje.
2. Ugesi ongaguquki ukhiqizwa kanjani? Impendulo: Ugesi oqinile uvame ukukhiqizwa ngenqubo yokushaja kwe-triboelectric, lapho izinto ezithile zishajwa khona uma zihlangana nezinto ezihlukile. Ukuhlikihla ibhaluni ezinweleni noma ukuhamba phezu kwekhaphethi ngezicathulo ezinezinsika zerabha kungaholela ekuqongeleleni kwamacala aqinile.
3. Kungani ngezinye izikhathi uthuka uma uthinta i-doorknob ngemva kokuhamba phezu kwekhaphethi? Impendulo: Ukuhamba ekhaphethini, ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezomile, kungabangela ukunqwabelana kwamacala angaguquki emzimbeni wakho. Uma uthinta i-doorknob noma omunye umqhubi, amacala angaphuma ngokushesha, okuholela ekushaqekeni okungaguquki.
4. Umswakama uthinta kanjani ugesi omile? Impendulo: Umswakama uvame ukunciphisa ukunqwabelana kukagesi ongaguquki. Ama-molecule amanzi emoyeni angasiza ekususeni amacala kagesi. Ngezinsuku ezomile, kunethuba elikhulu lokubhekana nokunqwabelana okungaguquki kanye nokushaqeka.
5. Kungani ezinye izinto zithambekele kakhulu ekwakheni ishaja engaguquki kunezinye? ImpenduloIzinto ziyahlukahluka ngekhono lazo lokubamba noma ukudlulisa ama-electron. Ezinye izinto, njengerabha noma amapulasitiki athile, zivame ukuthola noma ukulahlekelwa ama-electron kalula kunezinye, okwenza kube lula kakhulu ukwakheka kweshaja engaguquki.
6. Iyini isimiso esingemuva kwe-electroscope? Impendulo: I-electroscope iyithuluzi elisetshenziselwa ukuthola ukuthi kukhona yini ishaja engashukumi. Ngokuvamile yakhiwa yinduku yensimbi exhunywe emaqabungeni amabili amancane e-foil yensimbi. Uma into eshajiwe ilethwa eduze kwenduku, amaqabunga ayahlukana ngenxa yokuxoshwa kwamacala afanayo, okubonisa ukuthi kukhona ugesi ongashukumi.
7. Ukusekela phansi kususa kanjani ukushaja okungaguquki? Impendulo: Ukumisa umhlabathi kunikeza indlela yokuthi ukushaja okungaphezulu kuhambele eMhlabeni, okuyindawo enkulu yokushaja. Uma into eshaja ngokuma komhlabathi imiswa, ukushaja okwengeziwe kuyasuswa, kuncishiswe noma kuqedwe ukwakheka okungaguquki.
8. Kungani ungase ubone izinhlansi esitsheni sokusanhlamvu noma ngesikhathi sokugcwaliswa kukaphethiloli endizeni, futhi kungani lokhu kuyingozi? Impendulo: Ukusanhlamvu okuhambayo noma ukuhlikihla ezindaweni kungakhiqiza ugesi ongashintshi, futhi okufanayo kuhamba nangokugeleza kukaphethiloli. Uma kukhona ukunqwabelana kweshaja engashintshi, kungaphuma njengenhlansi. Ezindaweni ezinegesi evuthayo, uthuli, noma uketshezi (njengasesilo samabele noma ngesikhathi sokugcwalisa uphethiloli endizeni), lezi zinhlansi zingavuthisa izinto ezivuthayo, okuholela ekuqhumeni.
9. Izifutho noma imikhiqizo elwa nokuqina kwe-static zisebenza kanjani? Impendulo: Izifutho ezilwa nokungaguquguquki kanye nemikhiqizo ngokuvamile ziqukethe izinto ezenza izindawo zikwazi ukudlulisa ugesi kancane. Ngokwenza kanjalo, zivimbela ukunqwabelana kwamacala angaguquki noma zisize ekuqedeni noma yimaphi amacala anqwabelanayo.

10. Iyini uchungechunge lwe-triboelectric? Impendulo: Uchungechunge lwe-triboelectric luwuhlu oluhlela izinto ngokusekelwe ekuthambekeleni kwazo kokuba zishajeke kahle noma kabi uma zihlikihlwa kwenye into. Izinto ezingenhla kohlu zivame ukuba zishajeke kahle, kanti lezo ezingezansi zivame ukuba zishajeke kabi.