Amagagasi amile - izinkinga nezixazululo
1. Intambo engu-3-m iboshwe kolunye uhlangothi kanti olunye uhlangothi luxhunywe ku-vibrator. Uma i-vibrator idlidlizwa, intambo yakha igagasi elingashintshi , njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi.
Nquma indawo ye-antinode yesi-5 kusukela ekugcineni okuhleliwe.
Isixazululo:
Ibanga phakathi kwama-node amabili = amamitha angu-3 / 5 = amamitha angu-3/5.
Ibanga eliphakathi kwe-node yokuqala kanye nesiphelo esinqunyiwe = 3/5 amamitha
Ibanga eliphakathi kwenodi yesibili kanye nesiphetho esinqunyiwe = 2 (amamitha angu-3/5) = amamitha angu-6/5
Ibanga eliphakathi kwenodi lesithathu kanye nesiphetho esinqunyiwe = 3 (amamitha angu-3/5) = amamitha angu-9/5
Ibanga eliphakathi kwenodi yesine kanye nesiphetho esinqunyiwe = 4 (amamitha angu-3/5) = amamitha angu-12/5
Ibanga phakathi kwe-node kanye ne-antinode = 1/2 (amamitha angu-3/5) = 3/10 amamitha.
Ibanga phakathi kwe-antinode yesihlanu kanye nesiphelo esinqunyiwe = ibanga phakathi kwe-node yesine kanye nesiphelo esinqunyiwe + ibanga phakathi kwe-node kanye ne-antinode = 12/5 + 3/10 = 24/10 + 3/10 = 27/10 = amamitha angu-2.7.
2. Njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi, umkhawulo owodwa uxhunywe ku-vibrator bese kuthi omunye umkhawulo uqine. Uma ubude bentambo buyi-1.5 metres, thola ibanga phakathi kwe-node yesine ne-vibrator.
Isixazululo:
Ibanga phakathi kwama-node amabili = 1.5 amamitha / 11 = 1.5 / 11 amamitha.
Ibanga phakathi kwe-node yokuqala kanye ne-vibrator = 1.5 / 11 amamitha
Ibanga phakathi kwe-node yesibili kanye ne-vibrator = 2 (1.5 / 11 metres) = 3/11 metres
Ibanga phakathi kwenodi yesithathu kanye nesidlidlizi = 3 (1.5 / 11 amamitha) = 4.5 / 11 amamitha
Ibanga phakathi kwenodi yesine kanye nesidlidlizi = 4 (1.5 / 11 amamitha) = 6/11 amamitha = 0.54 amamitha
3. Intambo inezinhlangothi zombili ezihlala ziqinile, ikhiqiza ithoni eyisisekelo enomvamisa ongu-420 Hz. Thola ithoni yesithathu engaphezulu.
I-A. 840 Hz
B. 1260 Hz
C. 1680 Hz
D. 2940 Hz
Kwaziwa:
Imvamisa eyisisekelo (f 1 ) = 420 Hz
Zombili iziphetho zigcinwa ziqinile.
Okufunwayo: ithoni yesithathu
Isixazululo:
Ithoni yokuqala engaphezulu (f 2 ) = 2 f 1 = 2 (420 Hz) = 840 Hz
Ithoni yesibili engaphezulu (f 3 ) = 3 f 1 = 3 (420 Hz) = 1260 Hz
Ithoni yesithathu (f 4 ) = 4 f 1 = 4 (420 Hz) = 1680 Hz
Impendulo efanele ithi C.
4. Ubude be-wavelength ye-overtone yokuqala yentambo bungama-40 cm. Uma ijubane lamagagasi omsindo emoyeni lingu-340 m/s, thola i-overtone yesithathu.
I-A. 850 Hz
B. 1600 Hz
C. 1700 Hz
D. 3200 Hz
Kwaziwa:
Ubude begagasi le-overtone yokuqala (λ) = 40 cm = 0.4 amamitha
Isivinini segagasi lomsindo emoyeni (v) = amamitha angu-340/umzuzwana
Okufunwayo: imvamisa yethoni yesithathu
Isixazululo:
Ngezansi kunomfanekiso wegagasi elimile entanjeni enezinhlangothi zombili ezihlala ziqinile. Okokuqala, bala ubude bentambo usebenzisa ubude be-wavelength ye-overtone yokuqala. Ngemva kwalokho, ngaphambi kokubala imvamisa ye-overtone yesithathu, qala ubale ubude be-wavelength ye-overtone yesithathu.
Ubude be-wavelength ye-overtone yokuqala:
Ubude bentambo (L) = 2. ½ λ
Ubude bentambo (L) = λ
Ubude bentambo (L) = 0.4 amamitha
Ubude be-wavelength ye-overtone yesithathu:
L = 2 λ
0.4 = 2 λ
λ = 0.4 / 2
λ = amamitha angu-0.2
Imvamisa yethoni yesithathu:
f = v / λ
f = 340 : 0.2
f = 1700 Hertz
Impendulo efanele ithi C.
5. Ithubhu elivulekile kuzo zombili izinhlangothi elinobude obungu-40 cm likhiqiza ithoni eyisisekelo enokuphindaphinda okungu-420 Hz. Thola ithoni yesibili engaphezulu.
I-A. 380 Hz
B. 460 Hz
C. 840 Hz
D. 1260 Hz
Kwaziwa:
Ubude bepayipi (L) = 40 cm = 0.4 amamitha
Imvamisa yethoni eyisisekelo (f 1 ) = 420 Hertz
Okufunwayo: Ukuvama kwethoni yesibili (f 3 )
Isixazululo:
Uma ithoni eyisisekelo (f 1 ) = 420 Hertz khona-ke ithoni yesibili engaphezulu (f 3 ) = 3 f 1 = 3 (420 Hertz) = 1260 Hertz
Impendulo efanele ngu-D.
6. Igagasi lomsindo epayipini elivaliwe linephethini yamagagasi efana ne…
A. Ukusabalala kwamagagasi entanjeni
B. Ukusabalala kwamagagasi kukholamu yomoya
C. Ukuma kwesandla entanjeni eboshwe ekugcineni
D. Ukuma kwesandla ngentambo eboshwe kuzo zombili izinhlangothi
Isixazululo:
Ithubhu elivaliwe lithubhu elivulekile kolunye uhlangothi kodwa livaliwe kolunye, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingenhla.
Impendulo efanele ithi C.
Imibuzo nezimpendulo ezingu-20 eziphathelene namagagasi amile:
1. Umbuzo: Kuyini igagasi elimile?
Impendulo: Igagasi elimile liyiphethini yamagagasi ebonakala imile, inama-node nama-antinode, okubangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwamagagasi amabili ahamba ngezindlela eziphambene.
2. Umbuzo: Ama-node nama-antinode ahluke kanjani?
Impendulo: Ama-node angamaphuzu aphakeme kakhulu, lapho igagasi lihlala liphumule, kuyilapho ama-antinode angamaphuzu aphakeme kakhulu.
3. Umbuzo: Ingabe amagagasi amile angakheka kunoma iyiphi indlela?
Impendulo: Amagagasi amile angakheka kunoma iyiphi indlela evumela ukusabalala kwamagagasi, njengezintambo, izinsika zomoya, namanzi.
4. Umbuzo: Imvamisa yegagasi elimile ihlobene kanjani nenombolo yalo evumelanayo?
Impendulo: Imvamisa eyisisekelo (i-harmonic yokuqala) imvamisa ephansi kakhulu yegagasi elimile. Ama-harmonics aphezulu anama-frequency ayi-integer multiple yemvamisa eyisisekelo.
5. Umbuzo: Yini enquma izindawo zama-node kugagasi elimile?
Impendulo: Ama-node akheka lapho amagagasi ahamba ngezindlela eziphambene ephazamisana khona ngendlela ebhubhisayo, ehlukanisana.
6. Umbuzo: Amagagasi amile adaleka kanjani entanjeni eboshwe kuzo zombili izinhlangothi?
Impendulo: Uma igagasi elihamba phansi kwentambo likhanya ekugcineni okuhleliwe, liphazamisa amagagasi angenayo, lidale iphethini yamagagasi amile uma amaza ehambisana nezimo ezithile.
7. Umbuzo: Buyini ubudlelwano phakathi kobude be-wavelength nobude be-medium kugagasi elimile?
Impendulo: Ngentambo eqiniswe kuzo zombili izinhlangothi, ubude be-medium buyi-integer multiple yengxenye yobude begagasi elimile.
8. Umbuzo: Kungani amagagasi amile engadlulisi amandla kuyo yonke indawo?
Impendulo: Nakuba izinhlayiya ngazinye endaweni ephakathi zinyakaza, iphethini yamagagasi iyonke ihlala ingashintshi, ngakho-ke akukho ukuthuthwa kwamandla aphelele kunoma iyiphi indlela ethile.
9. Umbuzo: Ungawabona yini amagagasi emi emapayipini avulekile?
Impendulo: Yebo, amagagasi amile angakheka emapayipini avulekile, kodwa izimo zomngcele ziyahluka emapayipini avaliwe, zithinta izikhundla zama-node kanye nama-antinode.
10. Umbuzo: Kwenzekani ngegagasi elimile lapho ukucindezeleka kwentambo kukhuliswa?
Impendulo: Ukwandisa ukucindezeleka kwandisa isivinini samagagasi, okungashintsha imvamisa kanye nephethini yamagagasi amile.
11. Umbuzo: I-resonance ihlobene kanjani namagagasi amile?
Impendulo: Umsindo uzwakala lapho amandla angaphandle noma ukudlidliza kufana nemvamisa yemvelo yesistimu, okudala igagasi elimile elizwakalayo.
12. Umbuzo: Iyini imvamisa eyisisekelo?
Impendulo: Imvamisa eyisisekelo, noma i-harmonic yokuqala, imvamisa ephansi kakhulu lapho uhlelo lungasekela khona igagasi elimile.
13. Umbuzo: Ama-overtone ahlobene kanjani nama-harmonics?
Impendulo: Ama-Overtones ama-frequency angaphezu kwe-basic frequency. I-overtone yokuqala ihambisana ne-harmonic yesibili, i-overtone yesibili ihambisana ne-harmonic yesithathu, njalo njalo.
14. Umbuzo: Kungani kungekho ukufuduka kuma-node?
Impendulo: Kuma-node, amagagasi amabili aphazamisayo aphuma esigabeni ngo-180°, okuholela ekuphazamisekeni okubhubhisayo kanye nokungasuki nhlobo.
15. Umbuzo: Ingabe amagagasi amile angahlukaniswa?
Impendulo: Amagagasi amile entanjeni aphambene futhi ngaleyo ndlela anesiqondiso sokuzulazula (i-polarization). Kodwa-ke, endaweni efana nomoya, amagagasi omsindo amile ahlala isikhathi eside futhi awabonisi i-polarization.
16. Umbuzo: Kungani izinsimbi zomculo zisebenzisa isimiso samaza amile?
Impendulo: Izinsimbi zomculo zivame ukukhiqiza umsindo ngokudala amaza amile, kanye nama-harmonics ahlukene akhiqiza amanothi omculo ahlukene.
17. Umbuzo: Ijubane lamagagasi lihlobene kanjani nobuningi kanye nobude bamagagasi amile?
Impendulo: Isivinini samagagasi (v) siwumkhiqizo wemvamisa (f) kanye nobude bamagagasi (λ): v = fx λ.
18. Umbuzo: Ingabe amaza amabili ahlukene angakhiqiza amaza amile endaweni efanayo?
Impendulo: Yebo, uma nje amaza ahambisana nezimo zamaza amile kuleyo ndlela. Izandiso ngayinye imelela i-harmonic ehlukile.
19. Umbuzo: Amaza amile emapayipini avaliwe ahluke kanjani kulawo asemapayipini avulekile?
Impendulo: Emapayipini avaliwe, umkhawulo owodwa une-node kanti omunye umkhawulo une-antinode. Emapayipini avulekile, umkhawulo womabili une-antinode.
20. Umbuzo: Ingabe amagagasi amile angakhiwa nganoma iyiphi imvamisa endaweni ethile?
Impendulo: Cha, amaza athile kuphela ahlangabezana nezimo zomngcele we-medium azokhiqiza amaza amile.
Ukuqonda amaza amile kubalulekile emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, kusukela emculweni kuya kwezokuxhumana, njengoba emelela ukuziphatha kwamaza ayisisekelo ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.
