I-Radioactivity - izinkinga nezixazululo
1. Ngokusekelwe esithombeni esingezansi, umsebenzi wemisebe ngemva kokubola amahora angu-13.86 …
Kwaziwa:
Isigamu sempilo (T 1/2 ) = amahora angu-6.93
Ukudlula kwesikhathi (t) = amahora angu-13.86
Kufunwa: umsebenzi wemisebe
Isixazululo:
A = umsebenzi wemisebe , λ = ukungaguquguquki kokubola, N t = Inani lama-athomu emisebe ngemva kokubola ngesikhathi esithile , T 1/2 = isigamu sempilo
Ukuwohloka okuqhubekayo:
Inani lama-athomu anemisebe ngemva kokubola ngesikhathi esithile:
Umsebenzi wemisebe:
2. Ngokusekelwe esithombeni esingezansi, ngemva kokuba into enemisebe ibole imizuzu eyi-15, khona-ke into esele enemisebe iba …
Isixazululo:
Cha = Inani lokuqala lama-athomu anemisebe
N t = Inani lokugcina lama-athomu anemisebe ngemva kokubola ngesikhathi esithile (t)
t = ukudlula kwesikhathi
I-T 1/2 = isigamu sempilo
Bala i -Half-life:
Kwaziwa:
Cha = 8 amagremu
Nt = 2 amagremu
t = imizuzu eyi-6
Okufunwayo: ingxenye yokuphila (T 1/2)
Isixazululo:
Bala izinto ezisele ezisebenzisa imisebe:
Kwaziwa:
Inani lokuqala lama-athomu anemisebe ( Cha ) = 8 amagremu
Ukudlula kwesikhathi (t) = imizuzu eyi-15
Isigamu sempilo (T 1/2) = imizuzu emi-3
Okufunwayo: izinto ezisele ezikhipha imisebe ( Nt )
Isixazululo:
1. Umbuzo: Kuyini ukusebenza kwemisebe?
Impendulo: I-Radioactivity ukukhishwa okuzenzakalelayo kwezinhlayiya noma amandla avela ku-nucleus ye-athomu engazinzile.
2. Umbuzo: Qamba izinhlobo ezintathu ezivamile zokubola kwemisebe.
Impendulo: Izinhlobo ezintathu ezivamile ukubola kwe-alpha (α), i-beta (β) ukubola, ne-gamma (γ) imisebe.
3. Umbuzo: Yini ekhishwayo ngesikhathi sokubola kwe-alpha?
Impendulo: Ngesikhathi sokubola kwe-alpha, kukhishwa inhlayiya ye-alpha, equkethe amaphrotoni amabili nama-neutron amabili (empeleni i-nucleus ye-helium-4).
4. Umbuzo: Inombolo ye-athomu yesakhi ishintsha kanjani ngesikhathi sokubola kwe-beta-minus (β⁻)?
Impendulo: Ngesikhathi sokubola kwe-beta-minus, i-neutron iyashintsha ibe yi-proton, ikhipha i-electron kule nqubo. Lokhu kwandisa inombolo ye-athomu ngeyodwa.
5. Umbuzo: Kuyini imisebe ye-gamma?
Impendulo: Imisebe ye-Gamma iyi-photon enamandla aphezulu ekhishwa yi-athomu yemisebe. Imisebe ye-electromagnetic, efana kakhulu ne-X-ray kodwa enamandla kakhulu.
6. Umbuzo: Kungani imisebe ye-gamma ivame ukukhishwa ngemva kwezinye izinhlobo zokubola?
Impendulo: Imisebe ye-gamma ivame ukukhishwa ngemva kwezinye izinhlobo zokubola ukuze kukhishwe amandla angaphezulu avela ku-nucleus evukile, ibuyisele esimweni samandla aphansi.
7. Umbuzo: Uyini umehluko phakathi kwengxenye yokuphila kanye nokubola okungaguquki?
Impendulo: Isigamu-ukuphila yisikhathi esithathwayo ukuze ingxenye yama-athomu anemisebe kusampula ibole, kuyilapho i-decay constant imelela amathuba ngesikhathi ngasinye lapho i-athomu eyodwa izobola khona.
8. Umbuzo: Ama-radioisotopes asetshenziswa kanjani kwezokwelapha?
Impendulo: Ama-radioisotopes angasetshenziswa kwezokwelapha ngezinjongo zokuxilonga kanye nokwelapha. Isibonelo, i-technetium-99m isetshenziswa ekuthwebuleni izithombe, kuyilapho i-iodine-131 isetshenziswa ekwelapheni izinkinga ze-thyroid.
9. Umbuzo: Iyini isimiso esisekela ukuqomisana kwe-carbon-14?
Impendulo: Ukuqopha i-Carbon-14 kusekelwe ekulinganiseni isilinganiso se-carbon-14 (i-isotope enemisebe) ku-carbon-12 ezintweni eziphilayo. Njengoba i-carbon-14 ibola ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isilinganiso singabonisa ubudala besampula.
10. Umbuzo: Uyini umehluko phakathi kokuqhekeka kanye nokuhlanganiswa ngokwemiphumela yenuzi?
Impendulo: Ukuhlukana kuwukuhlukaniswa kwe-nucleus esindayo ibe yizimbili noma ngaphezulu ezincane, okukhipha amandla. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuhlanganiswa kuhilela ukuhlanganisa izinhlayiya ezimbili ezilula ukuze kwakhiwe esindayo, kanye nokukhipha amandla.
11. Umbuzo: Isebenza kanjani ikhawunta yeGeiger?
Impendulo: Ikhawuntara yeGeiger ithola imisebe ngokulinganisa i-ionization ekhiqizwa epayipini leGeiger-Müller. Lapho imisebe idlula epayipini, ifaka igesi ngaphakathi, okubangela ukukhishwa kukagesi okulinganiselwe.
12. Umbuzo: Uyini umsebenzi wezinduku zokulawula kuma-reactor enuzi?
Impendulo: Izinduku zokulawula zimunca ama-neutron, zilawula izinga lokusabela kokuqhekeka kwe-nuclear ku-reactor. Ngokulungisa indawo yalezi zinduku, ukusabela kungasheshiswa, kwehliswe ijubane, noma kumiswe ngokuphelele.
13. Umbuzo: Kungani i-lead isetshenziswa njengento yokuvikela emisebeni?
Impendulo: Umthofu uminyene futhi ungamunca futhi umise ngempumelelo izinhlobo ezahlukene zokukhishwa kwemisebe, ikakhulukazi imisebe ye-gamma, ukuvikela abantu kanye nemishini ekuchayweni yimisebe.
14. Umbuzo: Umqondo wamandla okubopha uhlobene kanjani nomsebenzi womsakazo?
Impendulo: Amandla okubopha amandla adingekayo ukuze kuhlukaniswe i-nucleus ibe ama-proton nama-neutron ayo. Kwezinye izimo, uma ukuhlela kabusha noma ukukhipha izinhlayiya kunciphisa amandla okubopha aphelele, i-nucleus izokwenza kanjalo, okuholela ekuboleni kwemisebe.
15. Umbuzo: Iyini iyunithi evamile yokukala i-radioactivity?
Impendulo: I-Becquerel (Bq) iyiyunithi evamile, emele isenzakalo esisodwa sokubola ngomzuzwana.
16. Umbuzo: I-radon ihlobene kanjani ne-radioactivity?
Impendulo: I-Radon iyigesi ekhipha imisebe yemvelo, eyakhiwa njengomkhiqizo wokubola kwe-uranium. Inganqwabelana ezakhiweni futhi ibeke impilo engozini ngenxa yemisebe yayo.
17. Umbuzo: Kungani i-plutonium-239 ibalulekile emandleni enuzi?
Impendulo: I-Plutonium-239 ingaqhekeka futhi isetshenziswa kokubili njengophethiloli ezinhlotsheni ezithile ze-reactor yenuzi kanye nasekukhiqizweni kwezikhali zenuzi.
18. Umbuzo: Kuyini ukusebenza kwe-neutron?
Impendulo: Ukusebenza kwe-neutron inqubo lapho ama-isotope azinzile eba nemisebe ngemva kokubamba ama-neutron. I-isotope entsha ivame ukubola ngokukhipha imisebe ye-beta noma ye-gamma.
19. Umbuzo: Ama-tracer asebenza kanjani ekutadisheni izinqubo zezinto eziphilayo?
Impendulo: Ama-radioactive tracers angama-isotopes akhipha imisebe futhi angalandelelwa njengoba ehamba ngezinhlelo zezinto eziphilayo. Ngokuqapha ukunyakaza kwawo, abacwaningi bangafunda izinqubo ezifana nezindlela ze-metabolic noma ukugeleza kwegazi.
20. Umbuzo: Kungani ezinye izakhi zinamandla kakhulu kunezinye?
Impendulo: Ukuqina kwe-nucleus ye-athomu kuncike ekubaleni kwama-proton nama-neutron. Izinto ezine-nuclei ezikude nokulinganisela okuzinzile kwalezi zinhlayiya zivame ukuba nemisebe eminingi, njengoba zibola ukuze zifinyelele esimweni esizinzile.
