Imiphumela ye-Photoelectric - izinkinga nezixazululo
1. Isitatimende esifanele mayelana nomphumela we-photoelectric sithi …
A. Kungachazwa ngokubheka ukukhanya njengegagasi
B. Ama-electron akhishwa ubuso bensimbi azoncipha uma imvamisa yokukhanya ikhuphuka
C. Ukuqina kokukhanya akuthinti amandla ama-electron aphuma ebusweni bensimbi
D. Umphumela we-photoelectric wenzeka esifundeni se-infrared
E. Umphumela we-photoelectric uzokwenzeka lapho ukukhanya kwensimbi kukhulu
Isixazululo
A. Umphumela we-photoelectric ungachazwa ngokucabangela ukukhanya njenge-particle, hhayi njengegagasi. Amandla okukhanya awasatshalaliswa njalo njengoba amagagasi ehamba kodwa amaphakethe amancane abizwa ngokuthi ama-photons noma ama-light quanta (cabanga nje njengamanzi emvula).
B. Uma imvamisa yokukhanya ikhuphuka khona-ke ama-electron aphuma ebusweni bensimbi ayanda. Lapho imvamisa yokukhanya ikhuphuka, amandla okukhanya ayanda. Uma amandla ekhula, kulapho ama-electron amaningi aphuma ebusweni bensimbi.
C. Amandla okukhanya ahambisana nesivinini sokukhishwa kwamandla noma ukushesha kwamandla okukhanya ebusweni bensimbi. Amandla okukhanya okwandisiwe akusho ukuthi amandla okukhanya ayanda. Amandla e-photon (E = hf) ancike ku-frequency (f) noma ku-wavelength kanye ne-Planck's constant (h).
D. Umphumela we-photoelectric wenzeka ngemvamisa noma ubude be-wavelength yokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet okubizwa nangokuthi imisebe ye-ultraviolet. Imvamisa ye-ultraviolet iyimvamisa yomkhawulo lapho amandla e-photon ekwazi khona ukukhulula ama-electron ebusweni bensimbi. Imvamisa ye-infrared ayikwazi ukuba ngoba incane kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho, imvamisa ye-x-rays kanye nemisebe ye-gamma ingabangelwa imvamisa enkulu kune-ultraviolet.
E. Ukuqina kokukhanya akuthinti umphumela we-photoelectric
Impendulo efanele ngu-C.
2.
(1) Umphumela we-photoelectric ungachazwa ngokuthatha ukuthi ukukhanya kuqukethe amaphakethe wamandla
(2) Umphumela we-photoelectric ungafakazela ukuthi ukukhanya kungasebenza njenge- umswakama
(3) Amandla e-electron aphuma ebusweni bensimbi ancike emvamisa
(4) Umphumela we-photoelectric wenzeka eduze kwesifunda se-infrared
Isitatimende sangempela mayelana nomphumela we-photoelectric sithi…
A. (1) kanye no-(2)
B. (1) kanye no-(3)
C. (1) kanye no-(4)
D. (2) kanye (3)
E. (2) kanye no-(4)
Isixazululo
Impendulo efanele ngu-B.
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3.
(1) Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-electron ensimbini kunqunywa ubude bokukhanya okungenayo
(2) Ukuqina kokukhanya okungenayo akuqinisekisi ukususwa kwama-electron ebusweni bensimbi
(3) Ngaphansi kwemvamisa yomkhawulo, ama-electron ahlala ngaphandle kwensimbi njengoba amandla okukhanya okungenayo ekhuliswa
Isitatimende esifanele esiphathelene nomphumela we-photoelectric sithi…..
Isixazululo
Isitatimende (1): Lesi sitatimende siyiqiniso. Uma ubude be-wavelength obuzayo buncane kunobude be-wavelength bomkhawulo wensimbi khona-ke ama-electron awakhishwa.
Isitatimende (2): Lesi sitatimende siyiqiniso. Ukuphuma kwama-electron ebusweni bensimbi kuncike ku-frequency noma ubude be-wavelength noma amandla okukhanya.
Isitatimende (3): Lesi sitatimende singamanga. Ama-electron aphuma ensimbini uma imvamisa yokukhanya inkulu kunemvamisa yomkhawulo wensimbi. Ukungabikho kwama-electron ebusweni bensimbi kuncike emandleni okukhanya kunokuba kuncike emandleni okukhanya. Amandla okukhanya ancike emandleni noma kubude be-wavelength (E = hf). Amandla okukhanya ahlobene nesilinganiso sokukhishwa kwamandla okukhanya.
4.
(1) Ama-electron angaphuma ezindaweni zensimbi lapho insimbi ikhishwa amaza kagesi
(2) Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-electron ebusweni bensimbi kuncike ekuvameni kokukhanya okungenayo
(3) Umsebenzi wokusebenza wensimbi ngayinye uyafana
Isitatimende esifanele esiphathelene nomphumela we-photoelectric sithi…..
Isixazululo
Isitatimende (1): Lesi sitatimende siyiqiniso. Amagagasi kagesi aqukethe izinhlobo eziningi zamagagasi anemvamisa noma ubude bamagagasi obuhlukile. Amagagasi kagesi kuphela anemvamisa noma ubude bamagagasi obukhulu kunomkhawulo noma ubude bamagagasi angasusa ama-electron ensimbini.
Isitatimende (2): Lesi sitatimende siyiqiniso. Uma imvamisa yokukhanya incane kunemvamisa yomkhawulo wensimbi khona-ke i-electron ayihlukaniseki nensimbi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma imvamisa yokukhanya inkulu kunemvamisa yomkhawulo wensimbi, ama-electron akhishwa ensimbini.
Isitatimende (3): Lesi sitatimende singamanga. Umsebenzi womsebenzi wensimbi umsebenzi omncane noma amandla amancane adingekayo ukususa ama-electron ebusweni bensimbi. Umsebenzi womsebenzi wensimbi ngayinye uncike ezicini zensimbi.
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5.
( 1) Ama-electron akhishwa kumphumela we-photoelectric abizwa ngokuthi ama-electron e-photon
(2) Isilinganiso sama-electron akhishwayo asixhomekile ekukhanyeni okukhulu okuphathelene nobuso bensimbi
(3) Amandla e-kinetic ama-electron akhishwayo ancike emandleni amaza okukhanya ebusweni bensimbi
(4) Ukususa ama-electron ebusweni bensimbi obungaxhomekeki ku-threshold frequency (fo)
Isitatimende sangempela mayelana nomphumela we-photoelectric sithi…..
Isixazululo
(1) Ama-electron akhishwa imisebe abizwa ngokuthi ama-photoelectron
(2) Izinga lama-electron akhishwayo lihambisana nenani noma inani lama-electron akhishwayo esikhathini esithile. Izinga lama-electron akhishwayo lithonywa amandla okukhanya, lapho amandla okukhanya ehlobene nezinga lokudluliselwa kokukhanya. Amandla okukhanya athinta kuphela lapho amandla okukhanya enkulu kunamandla omkhawulo wensimbi. Uma amandla okukhanya emancane kunamandla omkhawulo wensimbi, amandla okukhanya awabi namphumela.
(3) Lesi sitatimende siyiqiniso. Amandla e-kinetic ama-electron akhishwayo ancike emandleni amaza okukhanya ebusweni bensimbi. I-electron ikhishwa ebusweni bensimbi kuphela uma amandla okukhanya makhulu kunamandla omkhawulo wensimbi.
(4) Lesi sitatimende singamanga. Uma imvamisa yegagasi lokukhanya elingenayo incane kunemvamisa ye-threshold yensimbi, ama-electron awakhululwa. Ngakho-ke ukukhishwa kwama-electron kuncike kumvamisa ye-threshold.
6.
(1) imvamisa yokukhanya okukhanyisa i-cathode kumele ibe nkulu kunemvamisa yomkhawulo
(2) umsebenzi wokusebenza we-cathode yensimbi mkhulu kunamandla okukhanya okukhanyisa i-cathode
(3) ubude be-wavelength kumele bube bukhulu kunobude be-wavelength bokukhanya okukhanya ku-cathode
(4) amandla e-kinetic ama-electron akhishwa ku-cathode kumele abe makhulu kunamandla omkhawulo
Ukuze ama-photoelectron ahlangane:
Isixazululo
(1) Lesi sitatimende siyiqiniso. I-Photoelectric yenzeka lapho imvamisa yokukhanya ekhanyisa insimbi ye-cathode, inkulu kunemvamisa yomkhawulo wensimbi ye-cathode.
(2) Lesi sitatimende singamanga. Umsebenzi womsebenzi uwumsebenzi omncane noma amandla amancane adingekayo ukuze kukhishwe ama-electron. Ukuze kwenzeke i-photoelectric, amandla okukhanya kumele abe makhulu kunomsebenzi wokusebenza we-cathode yensimbi.
(3) Lesi sitatimende singamanga. I-Photoelectric yenzeka lapho ubude be-wavelength bokukhanya bukhanyisa i-cathode, obukhulu kunobude be-wavelength obungumkhawulo we-cathode yensimbi.
(4) Lesi sitatimende siyiqiniso. Ukuze ubalekele insimbi, amandla e-kinetic ama-electron kumele abe makhulu kunamandla omkhawulo wensimbi ye-cathode.
Izimpendulo ezifanele yilezi (1) kanye (4).
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7. Phawula lesi sitatimende esilandelayo:
(1) Umsebenzi wokusebenza wensimbi kumele ube ngaphansi kwamandla okukhanya akhanyisa i-cathode yensimbi
(2) Amandla omkhawulo we-cathode makhulu kunamandla okukhanya akhanyisa insimbi ye-cathode
(3) Amandla e-kinetic ama-electron akhishwa ku-cathode ahlala emakhulu kunamandla omkhawulo we-cathode
(4) Amandla e-kinetic ama-electron akhishwa ebusweni be-cathode alingana namandla okukhanya okukhanyisa i-cathode
Isitatimende esiqondile ngomphumela we-photoelectric sithi…..
Isixazululo
(1) Lesi sitatimende siyiqiniso
(2) Lesi sitatimende singamanga
(3) Lesi sitatimende siyiqiniso
(4) Lesi sitatimende siyiqiniso kuphela uma amandla okukhanya akhanya ku-cathode makhulu kunamandla omkhawulo wensimbi ye-cathode. Uma amandla okukhanya emancane kunamandla omkhawulo wensimbi khona-ke ama-electron awakwazi ukuhlukaniswa ebusweni bensimbi ye-cathode.
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