Imidwebo yokunyakaza okuqondile - izinkinga nezixazululo
1. Ibanga legrafu (eliqondile) uma liqhathaniswa nesikhathi (eliqondile) njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi. Into ephumulile eboniswe ngenombolo…
Isixazululo:
Inombolo 3, ekhonjiswa ngomugqa oqondile.
2. Ijubane legrafu (eliqondile) vs isikhawu sesikhathi (esivundlile) sokunyakaza ngokusheshisa okungaguquki . Ungakanani ubukhulu bokusheshisa ngokwegrafu?
Isixazululo:
3. Othile uhambe ngemoto esuka edolobheni A eya edolobheni B, okuboniswe kugrafu engezansi. Umugqa oqondile njengesivinini kanye nomugqa ovundlile njengesikhawu sesikhathi. Liyini ibanga elihanjwe ngemoto phakathi kwemizuzu engama-30 kuya kwengama-60.
Kwaziwa:
Ijubane (v) = 40 km/h
Isikhawu sesikhathi (t) = 60 – 30 = imizuzu engama-30 = amahora angu-0.5
Okufunwayo: Ibanga
Isixazululo:
Ibanga = isivinini x isikhawu sesikhathi
Ibanga = (40 km/ihora)(0.5 ihora)
Ibanga = 20 km
4. Ijubane legrafu (umugqa oqondile) uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi (umugqa ovundlile) lazisa ukunyakaza kwemoto isuka endaweni yokuphumula bese ihamba ize ime imizuzwana eyi-8, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi.
Lingakanani ibanga elihanjwa ngemoto kusukela kumasekhondi angu-5 kuya kumasekhondi angu-8?
Isixazululo:
Indawo 1 = indawo kanxantathu i-CD = ½ (6-5)(40-20) = ½ (1)(20) = 10
Indawo 2 = indawo kanxantathu DE = ½ (8-6) (20-0) = ½ (2) (20) = 20
Indawo 3 = Indawo yesikwele = (6-5)(20-0) = (1)(20) = 20
Ibanga elihanjwe ngemoto lisuka kumasekhondi angu-5 kuya kumasekhondi angu-8 = 10 + 20 + 20 = amamitha angu-50.
5. Ibanga lemizuzwana emihlanu yokugcina ngokwegrafu engezansi lithi ….
Isixazululo:
Indawo 1 = indawo kanxantathu = ½ (6-5)(40-20) = ½ (1)(20) = 10
Indawo 2 = indawo yesikwele = (9-5)(20-0) = (4)(20) = 80
Indawo 3 = indawo kanxantathu = ½ (10-9)(20-0) = ½ (1)(20) = 10
Ibanga lamasekhondi angu-5 okugcina :
10 + 80 + 10 = amamitha ayi-100
6. Ijubane legrafu vs isikhawu sesikhathi sokunyakaza okuqondile kwemoto okungalingani.
Ukusheshisa okufanayo kwenzeka ku…
Isixazululo:
v t = vo o + at
v t – v o = at
a = v t – vo o / t
a = ukusheshisa, v t = ijubane lokugcina, v o = ijubane lokuqala, t = isikhawu sesikhathi.
Ukusheshisa AB = (25 – 20) / (20 – 0) = 5/20 = 1/4 = 0.25 m/s 2
Ukusheshisa BC = (45 – 25) / (40 – 20) = 20/20 = 1 m/s 2
I-CD yokusheshisa = (35 – 45) / (50 – 40) = 10 / 10 = 1 m/s 2
Ukusheshisa DE = (25 – 35) / (70 – 50) = 10/20 = 1/2 = 0.5 m/s 2
Ukusheshisa i-EF = (0 – 25) / (90 – 70) = 25/20 = 5/4 = 1.25 m/s 2
7. Liyini ibanga elihanjiwe ngemizuzwana eyi-10
Kwaziwa:
Ijubane lokuqala (v)o= = 0
Ijubane lokugcina (v t ) = 20 m/s
Isikhawu sesikhathi (t) = imizuzwana eyi-4
Kufunwa:
Ibanga elihanjiwe ngemizuzwana eyi-10
Isixazululo:
Izibalo ezintathu zokunyakaza ngokusheshisa okuqhubekayo:
v t = vo o + at
d = vot + ½ ku- 2
v t 2 = v o 2 + 2 isikhangiso
v t = ijubane lokugcina, v o = ijubane lokuqala, a = ukusheshisa, t = isikhawu sesikhathi, d = ibanga
Ukusheshisa (a):
v t = vo o + at
20 = 0 + a (4)
20 = 4 a
a = 20/4
a = 5 m/s 2
Ibanga elihanjiwe ngemizuzwana eyi-10:
d = vot + ½ ku- 2
d = (0)(10) + ½ (5)(10) 2
d = ½ (5)(100)
d = (5)(50)
d = amamitha angu-250
8. Uma into iphonswa phezulu phezulu ngaphezu komhlaba, khona-ke igrafu yokusheshisa etholwa yinto.
Isixazululo
Uma into inyuka iqonde phezulu, ukusheshisa okubonwa yinto kusheshisa ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi. Ubukhulu bokusheshisa ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi buyi-9.8 m/s 2 futhi isiqondiso sokusheshisa ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi siya enkabeni yoMhlaba.
Ukusheshisa okuqhubekayo kubonakala ngomugqa oqondile ohambisana ne-t axis kanye ne-perpendicular ne-a axis.
Impendulo efanele ngu-D.
9. Ngokusekelwe kugrafu engezansi, nquma ibanga elihanjwe yinto imizuzwana engama-20.
A. 600 m
B. 500 m
C. 200 m
D. 100 m
Isixazululo
Ibanga elihanjiwe phakathi kwemizuzwana engu-0 - 10 = indawo yesikwele + indawo yonxantathu
Indawo yesikwele = (20-0)(10-0) = (20)(10) = amamitha angu-200
Indawo kanxantathu = (1/2)(10-0)(40-20) = (1/2)(10)(20) = (5)(20) = amamitha ayi-100
Ibanga elihanjiwe phakathi kwemizuzwana engu-0 - 10 = amamitha angu-200 + amamitha angu-100 = amamitha angu-300
Ibanga elihanjiwe phakathi kwemizuzwana eyi-10 - 20 = indawo yonxantathu
Indawo kanxantathu = (1/2)(20-10)(40-0) = (1/2)(10)(40) = (5)(40) = amamitha ayi-200
Ibanga elihanjiwe phakathi kwemizuzwana engu-0 - 20:
Amamitha angu-300 + amamitha angu-200 = amamitha angu-500
Impendulo efanele ngu-B.
10. Ukunyakaza kwezinto ezintathu, ngayinye eboniswe yigrafu engezansi.
Nquma isitatimende esifanele sokunyakaza kwazo zonke izinto ezintathu.
Isixazululo:
Igrafu yento 1 = Igrafu yokusheshisa (a) kanye nesikhawu sesikhathi (t)
Ngokusekelwe kugrafu, into ihamba ngokusheshisa okungaguquki. Ukusheshisa okungaguquki okukhonjiswa umugqa oqondile oqonde ngqo ku-axis yokusheshisa (a).
Igrafu yento 2 = Igrafu yejubane (v) kanye nesikhawu sesikhathi (a)
Ngokusekelwe kugrafu, into ihamba ngesivinini esingaguquki. Isivinini esingaguquki esiboniswa umugqa oqondile oqonde ngqo ku-axis yesivinini (v).
Igrafu yento 3 = Igrafu yokufuduka (x) nesikhathi (a)
Ngokusekelwe kugrafu, i-displacement constant noma into ephumule.
Impendulo eyiyo ngu-A.
11. Indawo yento ehamba nge-x-axis iboniswa yigrafu elandelayo.
Igrafu ikhombisa ukuthi into ihamba ngesivinini esingaguquki phakathi kwesikhawu sesikhathi….
A. Imizuzwana emi-5-15 kanye nemizuzwana engama-25-35
B. imizuzwana engu-0-5 kanye nemizuzwana engu-35-40
C. imizuzwana eyi-15-25
D. Imizuzwana engu-0-5, imizuzwana engu-15-25 kanye nemizuzwana engu-35-40
Isixazululo:
Imizuzwana emi-5-15 kanye nemizuzwana engama-25-35 = Ukufuduka kwento kuhlala kungaguquki noma into iphumule.
Imizuzwana engu-0-5, imizuzwana engu-15-25 kanye nemizuzwana engu-35-40 = into ihamba ngesivinini esingaguquki.
Impendulo efanele ngu-D.
12. Igrafu elandelayo ikhombisa isivinini somsebenzi wesikhathi sezinto ezimbili ezihamba ziqonde ngqo zisuka endaweni efanayo yokuqala. Ngemva kokuhamba imizuzwana engu-t zombili izinto zinoshintsho lwesikhundla esifanayo. Nquma isikhawu sesikhathi kanye nokufuduka kwento.
A. Imizuzwana emi-5 namamitha angama-50
B. imizuzwana emi-5 namamitha ayi-100
C. imizuzwana eyi-10 namamitha angama-50
D. imizuzwana eyi-10 namamitha ayi-100
Isixazululo:
Igrafu 1 = ukusheshisa okuqhubekayo
Isikhawu sesikhathi = imizuzwana eyi-10
Ibanga = indawo kanxantathu = ½ (v)(t) = ½ (10-0)(20-0) = ½ (10)(20) = (5)(20) = amamitha ayi-100
Igrafu 2 = ijubane elingaguquki
Isikhawu sesikhathi = imizuzwana eyi-10
Ibanga = indawo yesikwele = (v)(t) = (10-0)(10-0) = (10)(10) = amamitha ayi-100
Impendulo efanele ngu-D.
13. Ngokusekelwe kugrafu engezansi, isikhathi lapho into ihamba ngokusheshisa okungaguquki kanye nesikhathi lapho into ibhekana nokusheshisa okukhulu kakhulu ….
A. Phakathi kuka-0 no-t1, naphakathi kuka-t1 futhi t2
B. Phakathi kuka-t 1 no-t 2 , naphakathi kuka-t 2 no-t 3
C. Phakathi kuka-t 2 no-t 3 , naphakathi kuka-t 1 no-t 2
D. Phakathi kuka-0 no-t 1 , naphakathi kuka-t 2 no-t 3
Isixazululo:
Uma igrafu ingumugqa oqondile khona-ke ijubane lihlala linjalo, uma igrafu iyi-slash khona-ke ukusheshisa kuhlala kunjalo. Umugqa uyathambekela, ukusheshisa kuyanda.
0 – t 1 = ukusheshisa okuqhubekayo
t 1 – t 2 = ijubane elingaguquki
t 2 – t 3 = ukusheshisa okuqhubekayo
Impendulo efanele ngu-B.
1. Umbuzo: Uthini umugqa wegrafu yesikhundla vs. isikhathi? Impendulo: Umugqa wegrafu yesikhundla vs. isikhathi umele ijubane lento. Umugqa ophakeme ubonisa ijubane eliphezulu, kanti umugqa oqondile (ovundlile) ubonisa ukuthi into iphumule.
2. Umbuzo: Kugrafu yejubane vs. isikhathi, unquma kanjani ukufuduka kwento? Impendulo: Ukufuduka kwento kungatholakala ngokubala indawo engaphansi kwejika (noma phakathi kwejika kanye ne-x-axis) kugrafu yejubane vs. isikhathi.
3. Umbuzo: Ungahlukanisa kanjani phakathi kokunyakaza okufanayo nokungalingani kugrafu yesikhundla vs. isikhathi? Impendulo: Kugrafu yesikhundla vs. isikhathi, ukunyakaza okufanayo kumelelwa umugqa oqondile (ukwehla okuqhubekayo), kanti ukunyakaza okungafani kuboniswa umugqa ogobile, okubonisa ukuthi ijubane liyashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
4. Umbuzo: Usho ukuthini umugqa ovundlile kugrafu yejubane vs. isikhathi? Impendulo: Umugqa ovundlile kugrafu yejubane vs. isikhathi ubonisa ukuthi into ihamba ngejubane elingaguquki, okungukuthi, ayisheshi noma ayisheshi.
5. Umbuzo: Uma igrafu yejubane vs. isikhathi ingaphansi kwe-axis yesikhathi (ijubane elibi), isho ukuthini? Impendulo: Uma igrafu yejubane vs. isikhathi ingaphansi kwe-axis yesikhathi, ikhombisa ukuthi into ihamba ngendlela ephambene nesiqondiso sokubhekisela (ngokuvamile ithathwa njengelungile).
6. Umbuzo: Ukusheshisa kumelelwe kanjani kugrafu yejubane vs. isikhathi? Impendulo: Kugrafu yejubane vs. isikhathi, ukusheshisa kumelelwe ukuthambeka kwegrafu. Ukuthambeka okuhle kubonisa ukusheshisa okuhle, ukuthambeka okubi kubonisa ukusheshisa okubi (noma ukwehla kwejubane), kanti umugqa oyisicaba ubonisa ukungasheshi.
7. Umbuzo: Lisikiselani ijika eliyipharaboliki kugrafu yesikhundla vs. isikhathi? Impendulo: Ijika eliyipharaboliki kugrafu yesikhundla vs. isikhathi lisikisela ukuthi into ishesha njalo. Ukuma kwejika kungama-quadratic, kuhambisana ne-kinematic equation .
8. Umbuzo: Eshadini lesikhundla vs. isikhathi, unganquma kanjani ukuthi into iya phambili noma iya emuva uma kuqhathaniswa nendawo eqala kuyo? Impendulo: Uma ijika noma umugqa useshadini lesikhundla vs. isikhathi uyakhuphuka (uya phezulu), kubonisa ukuthi into iya phambili (noma isendleleni eya phambili). Uma ijika noma umugqa wehla (uya phansi), kubonisa ukuthi into iya emuva (noma isendleleni eya phansi) uma kuqhathaniswa nendawo yayo yokuqala.
9. Umbuzo: Into ewa ngokukhululekile ibukeka kanjani kugrafu yejubane vs. isikhathi? Impendulo: Entweni ewa ngokukhululekile (ukunganaki ukumelana nomoya), igrafu yejubane vs. isikhathi ingaba umugqa oqondile onomugqa omuhle (uma uqala ekuphumuleni) ngenxa yokusheshisa okuqhubekayo ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi. Umthambeka umelela inani lokusheshisa, elicishe libe ngu- .
10. Umbuzo: Uma into iphumule, igrafu yayo yokusheshisa vs. isikhathi izobukeka kanjani? Impendulo: Entweni ephumule, igrafu yayo yokusheshisa vs. isikhathi ingaba umugqa ovundlile ku-axis yesikhathi, okubonisa ukuthi ukusheshisa kungu-zero phakathi nesikhathi.
