25 Amandla kagesi - izinkinga nezixazululo
1. Isibani sikagesi esingu-220 V – 5 sisetshenziswa imizuzu engama-30. Sidinga amandla angakanani?
Isixazululo:
I-Voltage (V) = 220 Volt
Amandla kagesi (I) = 5 Ampere
Isikhathi (t) = imizuzu engama-30 = imizuzwana engama-30 x 60 = imizuzwana eyi-1800
Amandla kagesi (P):
P = VI = (220 Volt)(5 Ampere) = 1100 Volt Ampere = 1100 Watt = 1100 Joule/isekhondi
Amandla kagesi = Amandla kagesi x isikhathi = (1100 Joule/isekhondi)(1800 isekhondi)
Amandla kagesi = 1,980,000 AmaJoules = 1,980 kilojoules
2. Insimbi yokusongelwa engu-220 V – 60 W isetshenziswa imizuzu emi-4. Idinga amandla angakanani.
Kwaziwa:
Amandla (P) = 60 Watts = 60 Joules/isekhondi
I-Voltage (V) = 220 Volt
Isikhathi (t) = imizuzu engama-4 = imizuzwana engama-4 x 60 = imizuzwana eyi-240
Kufunwa: Amandla kagesi
Isixazululo:
I-220 Volt – 60 Watt isho ukuthi i-solder kagesi isebenza kahle uma umehluko noma i-voltage engaba khona ingu-220 volts futhi inamandla angu-60 Watt = 60 Joules/second, okusho ukuthi i-solder kagesi isebenzisa amandla angu-60 Joules ngomzuzwana.
Amandla kagesi = amandla kagesi x isikhathi esiphakathi = (amaJoules angu-60/isekhondi) (amasekhondi angu-240) = amaJoules angu-14,400.
3. Amandla asetshenziswa yinsimbi umzuzu owodwa angama-33 kJ, nge-voltage engama-volts angu-220. Ukuthi ugesi ungakanani ensimbini.
Kwaziwa:
Isikhawu sesikhathi (t) = umzuzu ongu-1 = imizuzwana engama-60
Amandla (W) = 33 kiloJoules = 33,000 Joules
I-Voltage (V) = 220 Volt
Okufunwayo: Ugesi wamandla (I)
Isixazululo:
Amandla kagesi amandla kagesi asetshenziswa ngesikhathi esithile.
P = W / t = 33,000 Joules / 60 imizuzwana
P = 550 Watt
Amandla kagesi:
I = P / V = 550 / 220 = 2.5 Ampere
4. Umuntu ubukela i-TV amahora angu-6 ngosuku. I-TV ixhunywe ku-voltage engu-220 Volt ukuze ugesi ugeleze ku-TV ube ngu-0.5 Amperes. Uma inkampani kagesi ikhokhisa u-$0.092 nge-kWh, khona-ke izindleko zokusebenzisa amandla kagesi ku-TV inyanga eyi-1 (izinsuku ezingu-30)…
Kwaziwa:
Isikhathi esiphakathi = amahora angu-6 x 30 = amahora angu-180
I-Voltage (V) = 220 Volt
Amandla kagesi (I) = 0.5 Ampere
Okufunwayo: Izindleko ngenyanga
Isixazululo:
Amandla e-TV:
P = VI = (220 Volt)(0.5 Ampere) = 110 Volt Ampere = 110 Watt
Amandla kagesi = amandla kagesi x isikhathi esiphakathi
Amandla kagesi e-TV = 110 Watt x 180 hours = 19800 Watt hours = 19.8 kilo Watt hours = 19.8 kilo Watt hours = 19.8 kWh
Izindleko zokusebenzisa amandla kagesi ku-TV inyanga eyodwa:
19.8 kWh x $0.092/kWh = $1.8216
5. Endlini kunezibani ezine ezingama-20 Watt, izibani ezimbili ezingama-10 Watt, izibani ezintathu ezingama-40 Watt, ezisetshenziswa amahora ama-5 nsuku zonke. Uma inkokhelo yenkampani kagesi ingu-0.092 nge-kWh, khona-ke izindleko zokusebenzisa amandla kagesi inyanga eyi-1 (izinsuku ezingama-30) zingu ….
Kwaziwa:
Izibani ezi-4 Ama-Watts angu-20 = 4 x 20 Ama-Watts = 80 Ama-Watts
Izibani ezi-2 Ama-Watts angu-10 = 2 x 10 Ama-Watts = 20 Ama-Watts
Izibani ezi-3 Ama-Watts angu-40 = 3 x 40 Ama-Watts = 120 Ama-Watts
Amandla aphelele (W) = 80 Watts + 20 Watts + 120 Watts = 220 Watts
Isikhawu sesikhathi (t) = amahora ama-5 x 30 = amahora ayi-150
Okufunwayo: Izindleko zokusebenzisa amandla kagesi inyanga eyi-1 (izinsuku ezingama-30)
Isixazululo:
Amandla kagesi = amandla kagesi x isikhathi sesikhawu = 220 Watt x amahora angu-150 = 33,000 Watt ihora = 33 kilo Watt ihora = 33 kilo Watt ihora = 33 kWh
Izindleko zokusebenzisa amandla kagesi inyanga eyi-1 (izinsuku ezingama-30)
(33 kWh)(0.092/kWh) = $3.036
6. Isekethe inokumelana okungu-\(5\Omega\) kanye nomsinga ongu-\(2A\). Thola amandla kagesi.
Isixazululo: \( P = IV = 2A \izikhathi 5\Omega = 10W \)
7. Ibhethri le-\(10V\) lixhunywe ku-resistor ye-\(2\Omega\). Bala ugesi.
Isixazululo: \( I = \frac{V}{R} = \frac{10V}{2\Omega} = 5A \)
8. Isibani esilinganiswe ku-\(60W\) sisebenza ku-\(120V\) supply. Thola ukumelana.
Isixazululo: \( R = \frac{V^2}{P} = \frac{120^2}{60} = 240\Omega \)
9. Bala amandla asetshenziswa yibhalbhu ye-\(100W\) emahoreni e-\(2\).
Isixazululo: \( E = Pt = 100W \izikhathi 2h = 200Wh = 0.2kWh \)
10. I-capacitor ye-\(20\mu F\) ishajwa ku-\(50V\). Thola amandla agciniwe.
Isixazululo: \( E = \frac{1}{2} CV^2 = \frac{1}{2} \times 20 \times 10^{-6}F \times 50^2 = 25mJ \)
11. Thola ugesi ku-inductor ye-\(10mH\) uma izinga lokushintsha kogesi lingu-\(5A/s\).
Isixazululo: \( V = L\frac{di}{dt} = 10 \times 10^{-3}H \times 5A/s = 50mV \)
12. Thola ukulahleka kwamandla entanjeni yokudlulisela enokumelana okungu-\(8\Omega\) kanye nomsinga ongu-\(3A\).
Isixazululo: \( P = I^2R = 3^2 \izikhathi 8\Omega = 72W \)
13. I-transformer ine-voltage eyinhloko engu-\(120V\) kanye ne-voltage yesibili engu-\(240V\). Uma i-current eyinhloko ingu-\(2A\), thola i-current yesibili.
Isixazululo: Ugesi wesibili = \( \frac{{\text{{Primary voltage}}}}{{\text{{Secondary voltage}}}} \times \text{{Primary current}} = \frac{{120V}}{{240V}} \times 2A = 1A \)
14. Bala ukusabela kwe-inductor ye-\(50Hz\), \(0.2H\).
Isixazululo: \(
15. Thola inani eliphelele lama-capacitor amathathu \(10\mu F\) axhunywe ochungechungeni.
Isixazululo: \( \frac{1}{{C_{\text{{total}}}} = \frac{1}{{C_1}} + \frac{1}{{C_2}} + \frac{1}{{C_3}} = \frac{1}{10} + \frac{1}{10} + \frac{1}{10} = \frac{3}{10}, C_{\text{{total}}} = \frac{10}{3} \mu F \approx 3.33\mu F \)
16. I-supercapacitor engu-\(0.1F\) ishajwa ku-\(5V\). Thola amandla agciniwe.
Isixazululo: \( E = \frac{1}{2} CV^2 = \frac{1}{2} \times 0.1 \times 5^2 = 1.25J \)
17. Bala i-power factor yesekethe enamandla angempela angu-\(60W\) kanye namandla abonakalayo angu-\(75VA\).
Isixazululo: Isici samandla = \( \frac{{\text{{Real Power}}}}{{\text{{Apparent Power}}}} = \frac{{60W}}{{75VA}} \cishe kube ngu-0.8 \)
18. Thola ukumelana okulinganayo kwama-resistor amabili \(4\Omega\) ahambisanayo.
Isixazululo: \( \frac{1}{{R_{\text{{eq}}}} = \frac{1}{{R_1}} + \frac{1}{{R_2}} = \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{4} = \frac{1}{2}, R_{\text{{eq}}} = 2\Omega \)
19. Nquma i-impedance yesekethe enokumelana okungu-\(5\Omega\) kanye nokusabela okungu-\(12\Omega\).
Isixazululo: \( Z = \sqrt{R^2 + X^2} = \sqrt{5^2 + 12^2} \cishe 13.34\Omega \)
15. Bala inani le-RMS le-voltage ye-sinusoidal enenani eliphakeme kakhulu elingu-\(120V\).
Isixazululo: \( V_{\text{{RMS}}} = \frac{{V_{\text{{peak}}}}{\sqrt{2}} \approx 84.85V \)
16. Thola amandla ahlakazekile ku-resistor ye-\(5\Omega\) enogesi we-\(4A\).
Isixazululo: \( P = I^2R = 4^2 \izikhathi 5\Omega = 80W \)
17. Bala imvamisa ye-inductor engu-\(25mH\) ene-reactance engu-\(50\Omega\).
Isixazululo: \( f = \frac{{X_L}}{{2\pi L}} = \frac{50}{{2\pi \times 25 \times 10^{-3}}} \approx 31.83Hz \)
18. Thola amandla kagesi ku-resistor ye-\(20\Omega\) ene-\(100V\) supply.
Isixazululo: \( I = \frac{V}{R} = \frac{100V}{20\Omega} = 5A \)
19. Thola i-inductance iyonke yama-inductor amabili \(10mH\) axhunywe ngokufana.
Isixazululo: \( \frac{1}{{L_{\text{{total}}}} = \frac{1}{{L_1}} + \frac{1}{{L_2}} = \frac{1}{10} + \frac{1}{10} = \frac{1}{5}, L_{\text{{total}}} = 5mH \)
20. Bala amandla asetshenziswa yi-\(1500W\) insimbi esetshenziswe amahora angu-\(0.5\).
Isixazululo: \( E = Pt = 1500W \izikhathi 0.5h = 750Wh = 0.75kWh \)
