Izihloko mayelana namandla kagesi kagesi anamandla kazibuthe ensimu kagesi
Ngo-1819, usosayensi waseDenmark ogama lakhe linguHans Christian Oersted (1777-1851) wathola ubudlelwano phakathi kwemagnetism kanye nemisinga kagesi noma ukushaja okuhambayo. Wathola ukuthi uma inalithi yekhampasi iseduze nentambo ephilayo, inalithi yekhampasi iyaphambuka. Uma kungekho mali, inalithi yekhampasi ikhomba enyakatho.
Inaliti yekhampasi iyimagnethi, ngakho-ke ingashukunyiswa amandla kazibuthe. Amandla kazibuthe (F) avelaphi? Eduze kwenaliti yekhampasi, kukhona ucingo oluphethe ugesi ukuze amandla kazibuthe asetshenziswe ugesi.
Bheka isithombe ohlangothini. Isiqondiso samandla kagesi kanye nesiqondiso sensimu yamagnetic kungatholakala kusetshenziswa umthetho wesandla sokudla. Uma amandla kagesi (I) enyuka, isiqondiso sensimu yamagnetic (B) sinjengoba siboniswe ngakwesobunxele. Uma isiqondiso samandla kagesi siphansi, isiqondiso sensimu yamagnetic sinjengoba siboniswe ngakwesokudla.
Insimu yamagnetic inamandla entanjeni yokuthwala yamanje
Ngaphambilini, kwachazwa ukuthi ugesi ungasebenzisa amandla enalini yekhampasi edonsayo. Ingabe ugesi ungasebenzisa amandla nakuma-electron current?
Ake sithi kukhona ucingo oluphethe ugesi olubekwe phakathi kwezigxobo ezisenyakatho neziseningizimu zemagnethi. Isiqondiso sensimu yamagnetic sikhonjiswa ngomcibisholo osuka empondweni esenyakatho uye ePoleni eseNingizimu. Uma isiqondiso sogesi (I) sikhonjiswa ngomcibisholo obomvu, khona-ke kuvela amandla amagnetic (F) okuqondiswe kuwo amelelwa umcibisholo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Isiqondiso samandla kazibuthe u-F siqonde ngqo kumzila kagesi u-I futhi siqonde ngqo kumzila kazibuthe u-B.
Isiqondiso samandla kagesi, isiqondiso sensimu yamagnetic kanye nesiqondiso samandla kazibuthe kunganqunywa kusetshenziswa umthetho wesandla sokudla.
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwamandla kazibuthe, ugesi wamanje kanye nensimu kazibuthe buvezwa yilesi sibalo esilandelayo.
F = BI l sin θ
U-F uphawu lwamandla kazibuthe, u-B uphawu lwensimu kazibuthe, u-I uphawu lwamandla kagesi, u-l uphawu lobude bentambo esensimini kazibuthe.
I-θ yi-engeli ephakathi kwesiqondiso samandla kagesi kanye nesiqondiso sensimu yamagnetic. Uma amandla kagesi eqondene nensimu yamagnetic (90o) khona-ke inani le-sin 90 = 1. Ifomula ishintsha ibe yi-F = BI l, ngokuphambene uma amandla kagesi ehambisana nensimu yamagnetic (0o) khona-ke inani le-sin 0 = 0 ukuze amandla kazibuthe abe ngu-0.
Ukuze kubalwe insimu yamagnetic, ifomula engenhla ishintshwa ibe yi: B = F / I l.
Iyunithi yamazwe ngamazwe yamandla kazibuthe yiNewton (efingqiwe N), iyunithi yamazwe ngamazwe yamandla kazibuthe yiTesla (efingqiwe T). ITesla iqanjwe ngegama lomsunguli kanye nesazi sefiziksi saseSerbia-American, uNikola Tesla (1856-1943). Ngokusekelwe kwifomula yamandla kazibuthe engenhla, insimu kazibuthe ingavezwa futhi ngamayunithi amaNewton ngemitha ye-Ampere (N/A m). Ngaphandle kweTesla, insimu kazibuthe nayo ivezwa ngamayunithi kaGauss (G). IGauss ivela egameni lesazi sezibalo saseJalimane, isazi sezinkanyezi kanye nesazi sefiziksi, uJohann Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855). 1G = 10-4T
Amandla kazibuthe kumashaji kagesi ahamba ensimini kazibuthe
Insimu yamagnetic ingasebenzisa amandla kazibuthe entanjeni ethwala ugesi. Amaza kagesi angamashaja kagesi ahambayo, ngakho-ke insimu yamagnetic ingasebenzisa amandla kazibuthe ekuhambiseni ugesi ngokukhululeka, hhayi ezintanjeni eziqhuba ugesi kuphela.
Ifomula yokubala amandla kazibuthe kumashaji kagesi ahamba ensimini kazibuthe itholakala kufomula yangaphambilini yamandla kazibuthe F = BI l sin θ. Ngoba I = q/t kanye l = vt, ifomula yamandla kazibuthe ishintshela ku,
Incazelo yefomula: F = amandla kazibuthe, B = insimu kazibuthe, q = ishaja kagesi, v = isivinini sokunyakaza kweshaja, θ = i-engeli phakathi kuka-v no-B
Uma u-v eqondene no-B khona-ke u-θ = 90 o , lapho i-sin 90 o = 1. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma u-v ehambisana no-B khona-ke u-θ = 0 o , lapho i-sin 0 o = 0. Ngakho-ke, amandla kazibuthe aphezulu kakhulu uma u-v eqondene no-B kanti amandla kazibuthe ayi-zero uma u-v ehambisana no-B.
Isiqondiso samandla kazibuthe u-F siqonde ngqo ensimini kazibuthe u-B futhi siqonde ngqo ngesivinini sokushaja kukagesi u-v.
